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Derrida
Jacques Derrida (; ; born Jackie Élie Derrida;Peeters (2013), pp. 12–13. See also 15 July 1930 – 9 October 2004) was a French Algerian philosopher. He developed the philosophy of deconstruction, which he utilized in a number of his texts, and which was developed through close readings of the linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and Husserlian and Heideggerian phenomenology. He is one of the major figures associated with post-structuralism and postmodern philosophyVincent B. Leitch ''Postmodernism: Local Effects, Global Flows'', SUNY Series in Postmodern Culture (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996), p. 27. although he distanced himself from post-structuralism and disavowed the word "postmodernity". During his career, Derrida published over 40 books, together with hundreds of essays and public presentations. He has had a significant influence on the humanities and social sciences, including philosophy, literature, law, anthropology, historiography, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deconstruction
In philosophy, deconstruction is a loosely-defined set of approaches to understand the relationship between text and meaning. The concept of deconstruction was introduced by the philosopher Jacques Derrida, who described it as a turn away from Platonism's ideas of "true" forms and essences which are valued above appearances. Since the 1980s, these proposals of language's fluidity instead of being ideally static and discernible have inspired a range of studies in the humanities, including the disciplines of law, anthropology, historiography, linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychoanalysis, LGBT studies, and feminism. Deconstruction also inspired deconstructivism in architecture and remains important within art, music, and literary criticism. Overview Jacques Derrida's 1967 book '' Of Grammatology'' introduced the majority of ideas influential within deconstruction. Derrida published a number of other works directly relevant to the concept of deconstruction, such as '' Diff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Play (Derrida)
"Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences" () was a lecture presented at Johns Hopkins University on 21 October 1966 by philosopher Jacques Derrida. The lecture was then published in 1967 as chapter ten of '' Writing and Difference'' (). "Structure, Sign, and Play" identifies a tendency for philosophers to denounce each other for relying on problematic discourse, and argues that this reliance is to some degree inevitable because we can only write in the language we inherit. Discussing the anthropology of Claude Lévi-Strauss, Derrida argues that we are all '' bricoleurs'', creative thinkers who must use the tools we find around us. Although presented at a conference intended to popularize structuralism, the lecture is widely cited as the starting point for post-structuralism in the United States. Along with Derrida's longer text ''Of Grammatology'', it is also programmatic for the process of deconstruction. Colloquium Derrida wrote "Structure, Sign, and Pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Différance
is a French term coined by Jacques Derrida. Roughly speaking, the method of ''différance'' is a way to analyze how signs (words, symbols, metaphors, etc) come to have meanings. It suggests that meaning is not inherent in a sign but arises from its relationships with other signs, a continual process of contrasting with what comes before and later. That is, a sign acquires meaning by being different from other signs. The meaning of a sign changes over time, as new signs keep appearing and old signs keep disappearing. It is central to Derrida's concept of deconstruction, a critical outlook concerned with the relationship between text and meaning. However, the meaning of a sign is not just determined by the system of signs present currently. Past meanings leave "traces", and possible future meanings "haunt". The meaning of a sign is determined by the interaction between past traces, future haunts, and the system of signs present right now. Overview Derrida first uses the term in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trace (deconstruction)
Trace () is one of the most important concepts in Derridian deconstruction. In the 1960s, Jacques Derrida used this concept in two of his early books, namely '' Writing and Difference'' and '' Of Grammatology''. Overview In French, the word ''trace'' has a range of meanings similar to those of its English equivalent, but also suggests meanings related to the English words "track", "path", or "mark". In the preface to her translation of '' Of Grammatology'', Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak wrote "I stick to 'trace' in my translation, because it 'looks the same' as Derrida's word; the reader must remind himself of at least the track, even the spoor, contained within the French word". Because the meaning of a sign is generated from the difference it has from other signs, especially the other half of its binary pairs, the sign itself contains a trace of what it does not mean, i.e. bringing up the concepts of woman, normality, or speech may simultaneously evoke the concepts of man, ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marguerite Aucouturier
Marguerite Derrida (née Aucouturier; 7 July 1932 – 21 March 2020) was a Czech-born French psychoanalyst. She translated many psychoanalytic works into French. Biography Aucouturier trained as a psychologist at the Paris Psychoanalytic Society, and translated many works by Melanie Klein. She trained in anthropology with André Leroi-Gourhan in the 1960s. Personal life Aucutourier was born in Prague on 7 July 1932 to Gustave Aucouturier, a French journalist, and Marie Alferi, a Czech. She married Jacques Derrida on 9 June 1957 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Together they had three children. One of their sons is writer Pierre Alféri. She appeared in two documentary films where she talks about life with her husband in Ris-Orangis. Marguerite Derrida died in Paris on Saturday 21 March 2020 from a COVID-19 infection at the age of 87. Translations into French by Marguerite Aucouturier * Melanie Klein: ** ''Essais de psychanalyse. 1921–1945'', Payot, 1984. ** ''Deuil et dépres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phallogocentrism
In critical theory and deconstruction, phallogocentrism is a neologism coined by Jacques Derrida to refer to the privileging of the masculine ( phallus) in the construction of meaning. The term is a blend word of the older terms '' phallocentrism'' (focusing on the masculine point of view) and '' logocentrism'' (focusing on language in assigning meaning to the world). Derrida and others identified phonocentrism, or the prioritizing of speech over writing, as an integral part of phallogocentrism. Derrida explored this idea in his essay "Plato's Pharmacy". Background In contemporary literary and philosophical works concerned with gender, the term "phallogocentrism" is commonplace largely as a result of the writings of Jacques Derrida, the founder of the philosophy of deconstruction, which is considered by many academics to constitute an essential part of the discourse of postmodernism. Deconstruction is a philosophy of "indeterminateness" and its opposing philosophy, "determinate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hauntology
Hauntology (a portmanteau of '' haunting'' and ''ontology'', also spectral studies, spectralities, or the spectral turn) is a range of ideas referring to the return or persistence of elements from the social or cultural past, as if to haunt the present. The term is a neologism first introduced by French philosopher Jacques Derrida in his 1993 book '' Spectres of Marx''. It has since been invoked in fields such as visual arts, philosophy, electronic music, anthropology, criminology, politics, fiction, and literary criticism. While Christine Brooke-Rose had previously punned "dehauntological" (on "deontological") in ''Amalgamemnon'' (1984), Derrida initially used "hauntology" for his idea of the atemporal nature of Marxism and its tendency to "haunt Western society from beyond the grave". It describes a situation of temporal and ontological disjunction in which presence, especially socially and culturally, is replaced by a deferred non-origin. The concept is derived from deconst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharmakon (philosophy)
In critical theory, pharmakon is a concept introduced by Jacques Derrida. It is derived from the Greek source term φάρμακον (''phármakon''), a word that can mean either remedy, poison, or scapegoat. In his essay " Plato's Pharmacy", Derrida explores the notion that writing is a ''pharmakon'' in a composite sense of these meanings as "a means of producing something". Derrida uses ''pharmakon'' to highlight the connection between its traditional meanings and the philosophical notion of indeterminacy. " anslational or philosophical efforts to favor or purge a particular signification of ''pharmakon'' nd to identify it as either "cure" ''or'' "poison"actually do interpretive violence to what would otherwise remain undecidable." Whereas a straightforward view on Plato's treatment of writing (in '' Phaedrus'') suggests that writing is to be ''rejected'' as strictly poisonous to the ability to think for oneself in dialogue with others (i.e. to anamnesis). Bernard Stiegler ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arche-writing
In the philosophy of language, "Arche-writing" ( "arche-" meaning "origin, principle, or telos") is a concept introduced by French philosopher Jacques Derrida which refers to an abstract kind of writing that precedes both speech and actual writing. In the West, phonetic writing was considered as a secondary imitation of speech, a poor copy of the immediate living act of speech. Arche-writing is, in a sense, language, in that it is already there before we use it, it already has a pregiven, yet malleable, structure/genesis, which is a semi-fixed set-up of different words and syntax. This ''fixedness'' is the writing to which Derrida refers; such a 'writing' can even be seen in cultures that do not employ ''writing'', it could be seen in notches on a rope or barrel, fixed customs, or placements around the living areas. The concept of "arche-writing" generalizes writing beyond ink marks on paper. The idea is that many things, including spoken language, are in fact like writing, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Post-structuralism
Post-structuralism is a philosophical movement that questions the objectivity or stability of the various interpretive structures that are posited by structuralism and considers them to be constituted by broader systems of Power (social and political), power. Although different post-structuralists present different critiques of structuralism, common themes include the rejection of the self-sufficiency of structuralism, as well as an interrogation of the binary oppositions that constitute its structures. Accordingly, post-structuralism discards the idea of interpreting media (or the world) within pre-established, socially constructed structures.José Guilherme Merquior, Merquior, José G. 1987. ''Foucault'', (Fontana Modern Masters series). University of California Press. . ''Structuralism'' proposes that human culture can be understood by means of a Structural linguistics, structure that is modeled on language. As a result, there is concrete reality on the one hand, abstract idea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Alféri
Pierre Alferi (; 10 April 1963 – 16 August 2023) was a French novelist, poet, and essayist. Alferi was the son of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida and psychoanalyst Marguerite Aucouturier. Career Alferi studied at the École Normale Supérieure, rue d'Ulm and completed his ''agrégation.'' After his dissertation on William of Ockham, supervised by Louis Marin, Alferi began to primarily write poetry. Alferi was also a literary translator who has translated works by John Donne, Giorgio Agamben and Meyer Schapiro from English and Russian into French. He had also written songs for several performing artists including Jeanne Balibar. Between 1991 and 1992, Alferi was writer-in-residence at the Fondation Royaumont, and at the French Academy in Rome between 1987 and 1988. Alferi was co-founder (with Suzanne Doppelt), of the literary journal ''Détail'', and ''La Revue de Littérature Générale'' (with Olivier Cadiot). Alferi taught at the École nationale supérieure des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collège International De Philosophie
The Collège international de philosophie (; CIPh), located in Paris' 5th arrondissement, is a tertiary education institute placed under the trusteeship of the French government department of research and chartered under the French 1901 Law on associations. It was co-founded in 1983 by Jacques Derrida, François Châtelet, Jean-Pierre Faye and Dominique Lecourt in an attempt to re-think the teaching of philosophy in France, and to liberate it from any institutional authority (most of all from the university). Its financing is mainly through public funds.“The CIPh is living mainly on grants by the Ministry of Research and the Ministry of Education” Its chairs or "directors of program" are competitively elected for 6 years (non renewable), following an international open call for proposals (every third year). Proposals are free and directors are elected after a collegial, peer-assessment of their value for philosophy. The College recognizes that philosophy is better served by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
