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Dehalogenase
A dehalogenase is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a halogen atom from a substrate. Examples include: * Reductive dehalogenases * 4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenase * 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase In enzymology, a 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reac ... * Dichloromethane dehalogenase * Fluoroacetate dehydrogenase * Haloacetate dehalogenase * (R)-2-haloacid dehalogenase * (S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase * Haloalkane dehalogenase * Halohydrin dehalogenase * Haloacetate dehalogenase * Tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase References {{chemistry index ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reductive Dehalogenases
Reductive dehaholagenses ( EC 1.97.1.8) are a group of enzymes utilized in organohalide respiring bacteria. These enzymes are mostly attached to the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane and play a central role in energy-conserving respiratory process for organohalide respiring bacteria by reducing organohalides. During such reductive dehalogenation reaction, organohalides are used as terminal electron acceptors. They catalyze the following general reactions: :R-X + 2 e− + 2 H+ → R-H + H-X :X-RR-X + 2 e− + 2 H+ → R=R + 2X− These membrane-associated enzymes have attracted great interest for the detoxification of organohalide pollutants. Organohalide pollution is a serious global environmental issue affecting soil and groundwater; and reductive dehalogenases offer a promising natural tool for bioremediation. Structure and mechanism Reductive dehalogenases are related to the cobamide (or vitamin B12) family of enzymes. They contain a cobalamin at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haloalkane Dehalogenase
In enzymology, a haloalkane dehalogenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :1-haloalkane + H2O \rightleftharpoons a primary alcohol + halide Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1-haloalkane and H2O, whereas its two products are primary alcohol and halide. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on halide bonds in carbon-halide compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1-haloalkane halidohydrolase. Other names in common use include 1-chlorohexane halidohydrolase, and 1-haloalkane dehalogenase. Haloalkane dehalogenases are found in certain bacteria and belong the alpha-beta hydrolase fold superfamily of enzymes. They participate in several metabolic pathways: 1,2-dichloroethane degradation, 1-chloro-n-butane degradation, hexachlorocyclohexane degradation, 1,2-dibromoethane degradation, 2-chloroethyl-vinylether degradation, and 1,3-dichloropropene degradation. Enzyme Structure and Structural studies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halohydrin Dehalogenase
A halohydrin dehalogenase is an enzyme involved in the bacterial Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ... degradation of vicinal halohydrins. In several species of bacteria, it catalyses the dehalogenation of halohydrins to produce the corresponding epoxides. Different isoforms of the enzyme fall into one of three groups, A, B or C. Halogenases of the same class are genetically similar, but differ greatly from halogenases from a different group. Currently the most well-studied isoform is HheC which is purified from the bacterial species ''Agrobacterium radiobacter''. The ability to dehalogenate organic compounds as well as form enantiomeric selective epoxides have generated interest in the potential of this enzyme in the biochemical field. Structure Currently of three kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as product (chemistry), products. Almost all metabolism, metabolic processes in the cell (biology), cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called ''enzymology'' and the field of pseudoenzyme, pseudoenzyme analysis recognizes that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis, which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic' properties. Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Other biocatalysts are Ribozyme, catalytic RNA molecules, called ribozymes. Enzymes' Chemical specificity, specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halogen
The halogens () are a group in the periodic table consisting of five or six chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine (Ts). In the modern IUPAC nomenclature, this group is known as group 17. The word "halogen" means "salt former" (or "salt maker"). When halogens react with metals, they produce a wide range of salts, including calcium fluoride, sodium chloride (common table salt), silver bromide and potassium iodide. The group of halogens is the only periodic table group that contains elements in three of the main states of matter at standard temperature and pressure. All of the halogens form acids when bonded to hydrogen. Most halogens are typically produced from minerals or salts. The middle halogens—chlorine, bromine, and iodine—are often used as disinfectants. Organobromides are the most important class of flame retardants, while elemental halogens are dangerous and can be toxic. Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-chlorobenzoate Dehalogenase
In enzymology, a 4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :4-chlorobenzoate + H2O \rightleftharpoons 4-hydroxybenzoate + chloride Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 4-chlorobenzoate and H2O, whereas its two products are 4-hydroxybenzoate 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as ''p''-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar ... and chloride. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on halide bonds in carbon-halide compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-chlorobenzoate chlorohydrolase. This enzyme is also called halobenzoate dehalogenase. Structural studies As of late 2007, 3 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , and . References * * EC 3.8.1 Enzymes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA Dehalogenase
In enzymology, a 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recyc ... the chemical reaction :4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + H2O \rightleftharpoons 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA + chloride Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA and H2O, whereas its two products are 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA and chloride. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on halide bonds in carbon-halide compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-chlorobenzoyl CoA chlorohydrolase. This enzyme participates in 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation. References * * EC 3.8.1 Enzymes of unknown structure {{hydrolase-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dichloromethane Dehalogenase
Dichloromethane dehalogenase (EC 4.5.1.3; systematic name dichloromethane chloride-lyase (adding H2O; chloride-hydrolysing; formaldehyde-forming)) is a lyase enzyme that generates formaldehyde. : dichloromethane + H2O = formaldehyde + 2 chloride Glutathione Glutathione (GSH, ) is an antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea. Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by sources such as reactive oxygen species, free radicals, pe ... is required for its activity. References External links * EC 4.5 {{lyase-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluoroacetate Dehydrogenase
Fluoroacetate may refer to: * Fluoroacetic acid * Sodium fluoroacetate {{Short pages monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haloacetate Dehalogenase
In enzymology, a haloacetate dehalogenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :haloacetate + H2O \rightleftharpoons glycolate + halide Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are haloacetate and H2O, whereas its two products are glycolate and halide. For examples, in the case of fluoroacetate in will produce glycolate and fluoride. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, one of the largest known enzyme families comprising approximately 1% of the genes in the human genome, exists as a homodimer, and acts specifically halide bonds in carbon-halide compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is haloacetate halidohydrolase. This enzyme is also called monohaloacetate dehalogenase and fluoroacetate dehalogenase. This enzyme participates in gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation and 1,2-dichloroethane degradation. Reactions Haloacetate dehalogenase is unique because it catalyzes the cleavage of the remarkably stable carbon–fluorine bond of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
(R)-2-haloacid Dehalogenase
In enzymology, a (R)-2-haloacid dehalogenase ''()'', ''DL-2-haloacid halidohydrolase (inversion of configuration)'', ''DL-DEXi'', ''(R,S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase (configuration-inverting)'') is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :(R)-2-haloacid + HO \rightleftharpoons (S)-2-hydroxyacid + halide Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (R)-2-haloacid and HO, whereas its two products are (S)-2-hydroxyacid and halide In chemistry, a halide (rarely halogenide) is a binary chemical compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative (or more electropositive) than the halogen, to make a fluor .... This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on halide bonds in carbon-halide compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (R)-2-haloacid halidohydrolase. Other names in common use include 2-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase mbiguous'', 2-haloalkanoid acid hali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
(S)-2-haloacid Dehalogenase
In enzymology, a (S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :(S)-2-haloacid + HO \rightleftharpoons (R)-2-hydroxyacid + halide Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-2-haloacid and HO, whereas its two products are (R)-2-hydroxyacid and halide. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on halide bonds in carbon-halide compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-2-haloacid halidohydrolase. Other names in common use include 2-haloacid dehalogenase mbiguous'', 2-haloacid halidohydrolase mbiguousmbiguous'', 2-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase, 2-haloalkanoid acid halidohydrolase, 2-halocarboxylic acid dehalogenase II, DL-2-haloacid dehalogenase mbiguous'', L-2-haloacid dehalogenase, and L-DEX. This enzyme participates in gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation and 1,2-dichloroethane degradation Onekama ( ) is a village in Manistee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
