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Daphnetin
Daphnetin is a chemical compound with the molecular formula . It has been isolated from plants of the genus ''Daphne''. It has also been found in ''Matricaria chamomilla'' (chamomile). It a crystalline solid with a melting point of 256 °C. It is soluble in boiling water. Daphnetin can undergo enzymatic glycosylation Glycosylation is the reaction in which a carbohydrate (or ' glycan'), i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor) in order to form a glycoconjugate. In biology (but not ... to yield its 7-''O''-glucoside which is called daphnin (daphnetin 7-β-D-glucopyranoside). The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme O-dihydroxy coumarin 7-O-glucosyltransferase. Daphnetin shows several neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects on the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB mediated inflammatory signaling pathway. They also could inhibit the IKKs/IkBa/NF-κB, AKT, and the Src/FAK/ERK1/2 multi-target ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daphnin
Daphnin is a plant toxin with the chemical formula C15H16O9 and is one of the active compounds present in the Eurasian and North African genus ''Daphne'' of the Thymelaeaceae, a plant family with a predominantly Southern Hemisphere distribution with concentrations in Australia and tropical Africa. Origin ''Daphne mezereum'' (sometimes called mezereon) is a plant native to Europe and western Asia and is a member of the family Thymelaeaceae. The plants have different bioactive metabolites and pharmacological active molecules like anti-inflammatory, anti- cruor effects, reduction of blood coagulation, and the increase of uric acid excretion. However, the plant's berries and twigs contain daphnin, mezerein (damages the kidneys), and daphne toxin (heavy fevers and even causing death), which are toxic to humans and some animals. Daphnin is a hydroxycoumarin compound. Coumarins are a family of benzopyrones widely distributed in nature. Synthesis and isolation Daphnetin is a dihydro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merck Index
''The Merck Index'' is an encyclopedia of chemical substance, chemicals, pharmaceutical drug, drugs and biomolecule, biologicals with over 10,000 monographs on single substances or groups of related chemical compound, compounds published online by the Royal Society of Chemistry. History The first edition of the Merck's Index was published in 1889 by the German chemical company Merck Group, Emanuel Merck and was primarily used as a sales catalog for Merck's growing list of chemicals it sold. The American subsidiary was established two years later and continued to publish it. During World War I the US government seized Merck's US operations and made it a separate American "Merck" company that continued to publish the Merck Index. In 2012 the Merck Index was licensed to the Royal Society of Chemistry. An online version of The Merck Index, including historic records and new updates not in the print edition, is commonly available through research libraries. It also includes an append ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daphne (plant)
''Daphne'' (, "laurel") is a genus of between 70 and 95 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs in the family Thymelaeaceae, native to Asia, Europe and north Africa. They are noted for their scented flowers and often brightly coloured berries. Two species are used to make paper. Many species are grown in gardens as ornamental plants; the smaller species are often used in rock gardens. All parts of daphnes are poisonous, especially the berries. Description ''Daphne'' species are shrubs, with upright or prostrate stems. Upright species may grow to . Their leaves are undivided, mostly arranged alternately (although opposite in '' D. genkwa''), and have short petioles (stalks). The leaves tend to be clustered towards the end of the stems and are of different shapes, although always longer than wide. The leaf surface may be smooth (glabrous) or hairy. Many species flower in late winter or very early spring. The flowers are grouped into clusters (inflorescences), either in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matricaria Chamomilla
''Matricaria chamomilla'' (synonym: ''Matricaria recutita''), commonly known as chamomile (also spelled camomile), German chamomile, Hungarian chamomile (kamilla), wild chamomile, blue chamomile, or scented mayweed, is an annual plant of the composite family Asteraceae. Commonly, the name ''M. recutita'' is applied to the herbal product chamomile, although other species are also used as chamomile. The plant is commonly used to make a tea. ''M. chamomilla'', historically used in various ancient cultures and commonly promoted today for a range of conditions, shows limited reliable evidence for effectiveness, may have mild side effects or drug interactions, and should be used with caution—especially around allergies, estrogen-sensitive conditions, and during pregnancy. Description ''Matricaria chamomilla'' is a member of the Asteraceae family, native to southern and eastern Europe. It can be found on all continents, has a branched, erect and smooth stem, and grows to a height o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycosylation
Glycosylation is the reaction in which a carbohydrate (or ' glycan'), i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor) in order to form a glycoconjugate. In biology (but not always in chemistry), glycosylation usually refers to an enzyme-catalysed reaction, whereas glycation (also 'non-enzymatic glycation' and 'non-enzymatic glycosylation') may refer to a non-enzymatic reaction. Glycosylation is a form of co-translational and post-translational modification. Glycans serve a variety of structural and functional roles in membrane and secreted proteins. The majority of proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum undergo glycosylation. Glycosylation is also present in the cytoplasm and nucleus as the ''O''-GlcNAc modification. Aglycosylation is a feature of engineered antibodies to bypass glycosylation. Five classes of glycans are produced: * ''N''-linked glycans attached to a nitrogen of asparagi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coumarins
Coumarin derivatives are derivatives of coumarin and are considered phenylpropanoids. Among the most important derivatives are the 4-hydroxycoumarins, which exhibit anticoagulant properties, a characteristic not present for coumarin itself. Some naturally occurring coumarin derivatives include umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin), aesculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin), herniarin (7-methoxycoumarin), psoralen and imperatorin. 4-Phenylcoumarin is the backbone of the neoflavones, a type of neoflavonoids. Coumarin pyrazole hybrids have been synthesized from hydrazones, carbazones and thiocarbazones via Vilsmeier Haack formylation reaction. Compounds derived from coumarin are also called coumarins or coumarinoids; this family includes: * brodifacoum * bromadiolone * difenacoum * auraptene * ensaculin * phenprocoumon (Marcoumar) * PSB-SB-487 * PSB-SB-1202 * scopoletin can be isolated from the bark of ''Shorea pinanga'' * warfarin (Coumadin) Coumarin is transformed into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphenols
Polyphenols () are a large family of naturally occurring phenols. They are abundant in plants and structurally diverse. Polyphenols include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin, some of which have been used historically as dyes and for tanning garments. Etymology The name derives from the Ancient Greek word (, meaning "many, much") and the word ‘phenol’ which refers to a chemical structure formed by attachment of an aromatic benzenoid (phenyl) ring to a hydroxyl (-OH) group (hence the ''-ol'' suffix). The term "polyphenol" has been in use at least since 1894. Definition Polyphenols are natural products with "one or several hydroxyl groups on aromatic rings", including four principal classes: phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans. Flavonoids can be grouped as flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, isoflavones, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins. Particularly abundant flavanoids in foods are catechin (tea, fruits), hespereti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
