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Trans-Fly–Bulaka River Languages
The Trans-Fly–Bulaka River South-Central Papuan languages form a hypothetical family of Papuan languages. They include many of the languages west of the Fly River in southern Papua New Guinea into southern Indonesian West Papua, plus a pair of languages on the Bulaka River a hundred km further west. The family was posited by Stephen Wurm as a branch of his 1975 Trans–New Guinea proposal. Wurm thought it likely that many of these languages would prove not to belong to Trans–New Guinea, but rather to have been heavily influenced by Trans–New Guinea languages. Malcolm Ross (2005) concurred, and removed most of them. Classification None of the families are closely related; indeed, it is difficult to demonstrate a link between any of them. Wurm's 1975 TNG branch included the following eight demonstrated families: * Kiwaian, on the banks and east of the Fly River *'' Waia'', north of the Fly delta * Tirio, on the western bank of the Fly River *Eastern Trans-Fly languages, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Mainland Australia, Australia by the wide Torres Strait, though both landmasses lie on the same continental shelf, and were united during episodes of low sea level in the Pleistocene glaciations as the combined landmass of Sahul. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. The island's name was given by Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez during his maritime expedition of 1545 due to the perceived resemblance of the indigenous peoples of the island to those in the Guinea (region), African region of Guinea. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the nation of Papua New Guinea. The western half, known as Western New Guinea, forms a part of Indonesia and is organized as the provinces of Pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marind Language
Marind is a Papuan language spoken in Malind District, Merauke Regency, Indonesia by over ten thousand people. Dialects are Southeast Marind, Gawir, Holifoersch, and Tugeri. Bian Marind (Northwest Marind), also known as Boven-Mbian, is divergent enough to not be mutually intelligible, and has been assigned a separate ISO code. Marind separates the Trans-Fly–Bulaka River languages, which would otherwise occupy a nearly continuous stretch of southern New Guinea. Phonology Consonants * Pre-aspirated glides /ʰw, ʰj/ are also heard as voiceless glides ̥, j̊ Vowels * There is also a marginal vowel sound /ɐ/. Grammar Coastal Marind nouns are morphologically quite simple, lacking markers of case or number. There are four noun classes, class I for male humans, class II for female humans and animals, and classes III and IV for inanimates. There is widespread syncretism in exponents of noun class marking between class IV and plurals of classes I and II, which could ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tone (linguistics)
Tone is the use of pitch (music), pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or to inflection, inflect words. All oral languages use pitch to express emotional and other para-linguistic information and to convey emphasis, contrast and other such features in what is called intonation (linguistics), intonation, but not all languages use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously to consonants and vowels. Languages that have this feature are called tonal languages; the distinctive tone patterns of such a language are sometimes called tonemes, by analogy with ''phoneme''. Tonal languages are common in East Asia, East and Southeast Asia, Africa, the Americas, and the Pacific islands, Pacific. Tonal languages are different from pitch-accent languages in that tonal languages can have each syllable with an independent tone whilst pitch-accent languages may have one syllable in a word or morpheme that is more prominent t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ipiko Language
Ipiko (Epai, Higa, Ipikoi) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea, the most divergent of the Inland Gulf languages. Despite being spoken by only a few hundred people, language use is vigorous. It is spoken in Ipiko () and Pakemuba () villages, with Ipiko village being located in Amipoke ward, Baimuru Rural LLG, Kikori District, Gulf Province Gulf Province is a province of Papua New Guinea located on the southern coast. The provincial capital is Kerema. The 34,472 km2 province is dominated by mountains, lowland river deltas, and grassland flood plains. In Gulf Province, the Kiko .... Bibliography ;Word lists *Chance, Sydney H. 1926. Vocabulary of Ipikoi. ''British New Guinea Annual Report'' 1925–1926: 91–91. *Petterson, Robert. 1999. ''Rumu – English – Hiri-Motu Dictionary''. Palmerston North, New Zealand: International Pacific College. *Z’graggen, John A. 1975. Comparative wordlists of the Gulf District and adjacent Areas. In: Richard Loving (ed.), ''Compara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marind Languages
{{Disambiguation ...
Marind may refer to: *Marind people * Marind languages **Marind language Marind is a Papuan language spoken in Malind District, Merauke Regency, Indonesia by over ten thousand people. Dialects are Southeast Marind, Gawir, Holifoersch, and Tugeri. Bian Marind (Northwest Marind), also known as Boven-Mbian, is divergent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anim Languages
The Anim or Fly River languages are a language family in south-central New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ... established by Usher & Suter (2015).Timothy Usher and Edgar Suter (2015) "The Anim Languages of Southern New Guinea". ''Oceanic Linguistics'' 54:110–142 The names of the family derive from the Fly River and from the Proto-Anim word *anim 'people'. Languages The 17 Anim languages belong to the following four subfamilies: * Inland Gulf * Tirio (Lower Fly River) * Boazi (Lake Murray) * Marind (Marind–Yaqai) The moribund Abom language, previously considered a member of the Tirio family, is of uncertain classification, possibly Trans–New Guinea, but does not appear to be Anim. The extinct Karami language, attested only in a short word list and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gogodala–Suki Languages
The Gogodala–Suki or Suki – Aramia River languages are a small language family of Papua New Guinea, spoken in the region of the Aramia River. Languages The languages are: * Gogodala–Suki family ** '' Suki'' language ** Gogodala (Aramia River) branch: *** Gogodala *** Ari *** Waruna Gogodala–Suki languages and respective demographic information listed by Evans (2018) are provided below. : Proto-language Phonology The reconstructed sound system is,Usher, Timothy. 2020Suki-Aramia River ''NewGuineaWorld''. It is unclear if there were phonemes *w or *j distinct from *u and *i. Pronouns : : ( and is zero.) Lexicon Proto-Suki–Aramia (i.e., Proto-Gogodala–Suki) lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are: : Vocabulary comparison The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970), Voorhoeve (1970), and Reesink (1976), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database. The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marori Language
Morori (Marori, Moaraeri, Moraori, Morari) is a moribund Papuan language of the Kolopom languages, Kolopom branch of the Trans–New Guinea family. It is separated from the other Kolopom languages by the intrusive Marind languages, Marind family. All speakers use Papuan Malay or Indonesian as L2, and many know Marind language, Marind. A dialect extinct in 1997, Menge, is remembered from ceremonial use. Marori is spoken in Kampung Wasur, which in 2010 had 413 people (98 families) total and 119 Marori people (52 Marori families). Phonology Marori has 22 consonants and 6 vowels, which are: ;Vowels: i, e, æ, a, o, u On the other hand, the majority of Trans-New Guinea languages usually have around 10–15 consonants. Pronouns Pronouns, but little else, connect it to TNG: : Vocabulary The following basic vocabulary words are from Voorhoeve (1975), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: : Evolution Marori reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are: *''mam'' ‘ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolopom Languages
The Kolopom languages are a language family, family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and of Malcolm Ross (linguist), Malcolm Ross (2005). Along with the Mombum languages, they are the languages spoken on Kolepom Island (Yos Sudarso Island) in South Papua, Indonesia. Languages The Kolopom languages are: *Central Kolopom: Kimaama language, Kimaama (Kimaghama), Riantana language, Riantana *Ndom language, Ndom *Moraori language, Moraori Proto-language Phonemes Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: : : Pronouns Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as: : Basic vocabulary Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are: : Cognates Cognates among Kolopom languages listed by Evans (2018): : Vocabulary comparison The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970) and Voorhoeve (1975), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oriomo Languages
The Eastern Trans-Fly (or Oriomo Plateau) languages are a small independent family of Papuan languages spoken in the Oriomo Plateau The Oriomo Plateau is a plateau in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.Oriomo Plateau The Oriomo Plateau is a plateau in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.Oriomo Plateau The Oriomo Plateau is a plateau in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.Oriomo Plateau The Oriomo Plateau is a plateau in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.Oriomo Plateau The Oriomo Plateau is a plateau in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.Oriomo Plateau The Oriomo Plateau is a plateau in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.Oriomo Plateau The Oriomo Plateau is a plateau in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.Oriomo Plateau The Oriomo Plateau is a plateau in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.Oriomo Plateau The Oriomo Plateau is a plateau in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.Oriomo Plateau The Oriomo Plateau is a plateau in Western Province, Papua New Gui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
