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Oscillospiraceae
Oscillospiraceae, also commonly called Ruminococcaceae, is a family of bacteria in the class Clostridia. All Oscillospiraceae are obligate anaerobes. However, members of the family have diverse shapes, with some rod-shaped and others cocci. Within the family, '' Faecalibacterium prausnitzii'' is notable as an abundant commensal bacteria of the human gut microbiota. In addition, several members of '' Ruminococcus'' are found in the human gut. The Oscillospira genus and its impact on human health has led to numerous theories on its development and its involvement in human health. Current knowledge The first species of the ''Oscillospira'' genus, a bacterium named ''O. guillermondii'', was found in 1913 in the cecal contents of a guinea pig by Chatton and Pérard and is the only formally described species in the genus. Knowledge of ''Oscillospira'' and their physiology and ecological interactions are still minimal having limited success in cultivation. The necessary components ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dysosmobacter
''Dysosmobacter'' is a genus of strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Oscillospiraceae, order Eubacteriales. Members of this genus are part of the gut microbiota of humans and other animals and are of interest for their potential health-related properties, particularly their production of short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate. Taxonomy The genus ''Dysosmobacter'' was first described in 2020 by Le Roy et al., who isolated the type species, '' Dysosmobacter welbionis'', from the feces of a healthy human subject. Two additional species have since been validly published: * '' Dysosmobacter hominis'', isolated from human feces and described in 2021 by Liu et al. as part of a comprehensive culturomics study of the human gut microbiome. * * '' Dysosmobacter acutus'', isolated from monkey feces and described in 2022 by Li et al. Etymology The name ''Dysosmobacter'' derives from the Greek "dysosme" meaning "bad smell" and Latin "bacter" meanin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii
''Faecalibacterium'' is a genus of bacteria. The genus contains several species including ''Faecalibacterium prausnitzii'', ''Faecalibacterium butyricigenerans'', ''Faecalibacterium longum'', ''Faecalibacterium duncaniae'', ''Faecalibacterium hattorii'', and ''Faecalibacterium gallinarum''. Its first known species, ''Faecalibacterium prausnitzii'' (renamed as Faecalibacterium ''duncaniae'') is gram-positive, mesophilic, rod-shaped, and anaerobic, and is one of the most abundant and important commensal bacteria of the human gut microbiota. It is non-spore forming and non-motile. These bacteria produce butyrate and other short-chain fatty acids through the fermentation of dietary fiber. The production of butyrate makes them an important member of the gut microbiota, fighting against inflammation. History Formerly assigned to the genus ''Fusobacterium'' in the phylum Fusobacteriota, ''Faecalibacterium prausnitzii'' was re-assigned to its own genus when phylogenetic analysis of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clostridia
The Clostridia are a highly polyphyletic class of Bacillota, including '' Clostridium'' and other similar genera. They are distinguished from the Bacilli by lacking aerobic respiration. They are obligate anaerobes and oxygen is toxic to them. Species of the class Clostridia are often but not always Gram-positive (see '' Halanaerobium'') and have the ability to form spores. Studies show they are not a monophyletic group, and their relationships are not entirely certain. Currently, most are placed in a single order called Clostridiales, but this is not a natural group and is likely to be redefined in the future. Most species of the genus ''Clostridium'' are saprophytic organisms that ferment plant polysaccharides and are found in many places in the environment, most notably the soil. However, the genus does contain some human pathogens (outlined below). The toxins produced by certain members of the genus ''Clostridium'' are among the most dangerous known. Examples are tetan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steatohepatitis
Steatohepatitis is a type of fatty liver disease, characterized by inflammation of the liver with concurrent fat accumulation in liver. Mere deposition of fat in the liver is termed steatosis, and together these constitute fatty liver changes. The two main types of fatty liver disease (FLD) are: * Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) (previously nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD) * Alcohol-associated (alcohol-related) liver disease (ALD) Risk factors for MASLD include diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. When inflammation is present, it is referred to as alcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic (metabolic dysfunction associated) steatohepatitis (MASH, previously NASH). Steatohepatitis of either cause may progress to cirrhosis, and MASH is now believed to be a frequent cause of unexplained cirrhosis (at least in Western societies). MASH is also associated with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. The word is from "steato-", meani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genome Taxonomy Database
The Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) is an online database that maintains information on a proposed nomenclature of prokaryotes, following a phylogenomic approach based on a set of conserved single-copy proteins. In addition to resolving paraphyletic groups, this method also reassigns taxonomic ranks algorithmically, updating names in both cases. Information for archaea was added in 2020, along with a species classification based on average nucleotide identity. Each update incorporates new genomes as well as automated and manual curation of the taxonomy. An open-source tool called GTDB-Tk is available to classify draft genomes into the GTDB hierarchy. The GTDB system, via GTDB-Tk, has been used to catalogue not-yet-named bacteria in the human gut microbiome and other metagenomic sources. The GTDB is incorporated into the '' Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria'' in 2019 as its phylogenomic resource. Methodology The genomes used to construct the phyloge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The All-Species Living Tree Project
The All-Species Living Tree' Project is a collaboration between various academic groups/institutes, such as ARB, SILVA rRNA database project, and LPSN, with the aim of assembling a database of 16S rRNA sequences of all validly published species of ''Bacteria'' and ''Archaea''. At one stage, 23S sequences were also collected, but this has since stopped. Currently there are over 10,950 species in the aligned dataset and several more are being added either as new species are discovered or species that are not represented in the database are sequenced. Initially the latter group consisted of 7% of species. Similar (and more recent) projects include the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA), which focused on whole genome sequencing of bacteria and archaea. Tree The tree was created by maximum likelihood analysis without bootstrap: consequently accuracy is traded off for size and many phylum level clades are not correctly resolved (such as the Firmicutes). (Eukaryote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Center For Biotechnology Information
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland, and was founded in 1988 through legislation sponsored by US Congressman Claude Pepper. The NCBI houses a series of databases relevant to biotechnology and biomedicine and is an important resource for bioinformatics tools and services. Major databases include GenBank for DNA sequences and PubMed, a bibliographic database for biomedical literature. Other databases include the NCBI Epigenomics database. All these databases are available online through the Entrez search engine. NCBI was directed by David Lipman, one of the original authors of the BLAST sequence alignment program and a widely respected figure in bioinformatics. GenBank NCBI had responsibility for making available the GenBank DNA seque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Prokaryotic Names With Standing In Nomenclature
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. The database was curated from 1997 to June 2013 by Jean P. Euzéby. From July 2013 to January 2020, LPSN was curated by Aidan C. Parte. In February 2020, a new version of LPSN was published as a service of the Leibniz Institute DSMZ, thereby also integrating the Prokaryotic Nomenclature Up-to-date service and since 2022 LPSN is interconnected with the Type (Strain) Genome Server (TYGS), DSMZ's high-throughput platform for accurate genome-based taxonomy. See also * Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Described from Sequence Data References External links List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |