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Forcipulatida
The Forcipulatida are an order of sea stars, containing three families and 49 genera. Description Forcipulatids share with the brisingid sea stars distinctive pedicellariae, consisting of a short stalk with three skeletal ossicles. Unlike that group, however, the forcipulatids tend to have more robust bodies. The order includes some well-known species, such as the common starfish, ''Asterias rubens''. This order can be commonly found from Nor Carolina in the United States all the way to Santos in Brazil. Phylogeny The order is divided into three families: * Family Asteriidae — 39 genera * Family Heliasteridae — two genera * Family Zoroasteridae — eight genera World Register of Marine Species gives another taxonomy, with 7 families and 64 genera: * Family Asteriidae Gray, 1840 * Family Heliasteridae Viguier, 1878 * Family Pedicellasteridae Perrier, 1884 * Family Pycnopodiidae Fisher, 1928 * Family Stichasteridae * Family Zoroasteridae Sladen, 1889 A 2020 study ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Star
Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea (). Common usage frequently finds these names being also applied to ophiuroids, which are correctly referred to as brittle stars or basket stars. Starfish are also known as asteroids due to being in the class Asteroidea. About 1,900 species of starfish live on the seabed in all the world's oceans, from warm, tropical zones to frigid, polar regions. They are found from the intertidal zone down to abyssal depths, at below the surface. Starfish are marine invertebrates. They typically have a central disc and usually five arms, though some species have a larger number of arms. The aboral or upper surface may be smooth, granular or spiny, and is covered with overlapping plates. Many species are brightly coloured in various shades of red or orange, while others are blue, grey or brown. Starfish have tube feet operated by a hydraulic system and a mouth at the centre of the oral or lower surface. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoroasteridae
The Zoroasteridae are one of three families of Asteroidea (sea stars) in the order Forcipulatida. It contains seven living genera and one extinct genus. Genera The living genera described are: * '' Bythiolophus'' Fisher, 1916 (monotypic) ** ''B. acanthinus'' Fisher, 1916 * '' Cnemidaster'' Sladen, 1889 (six species) * '' Doraster'' Downey, 1970 (monotypic) ** ''D. constellatus'' Downey, 1970 * '' Myxoderma'' Fisher, 1905 (five species) * '' Pholidaster'' Sladen, 1889 (monotypic) ** ''P. squamatus'' Sladen, 1889 * '' Sagenaster'' Mah, 2007 (monotypic) ** ''S. evermanni'' (Fisher, 1905) * ''Zoroaster'' Thomson, 1873 (20 species) The extinct genus known is: * '' Terminaster'' Hess, 1974† Distribution Species in this family are widespread, distributed mainly in Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. A few are found in the Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stichasteridae
The Stichasteridae are a small family of Asteroidea (sea stars) in the order Forcipulatida. Genera were formerly unassigned, or in the family Asteriidae. Genera The World Register of Marine Species lists these genera within the family Stichasteridae: * ''Allostichaster'' Verrill, 1914 * ''Cosmasterias'' Sladden, 1889 * ''Granaster'' Perrier, 1894 * ''Neomorphaster'' Sladden, 1889 * ''Neosmilaster'' Fisher, 1930 * ''Pseudechinaster'' H.E.S. Clark, 1962 * ''Smilasterias'' Sladden, 1889 * ''Stichaster'' Muller & Troschel, 1840 * ''Stichastrella'' Verrill, 1914 Stichastrella rosea.jpg, ''Stichastrella rosea'' Reef starfish (Stichaster australis) doing push-ups.jpg, ''Stichaster australis ''Stichaster australis'', the reef starfish, is a species of starfish found in the shallow waters of the rocky intertidal of New Zealand. Typically, the animal is endemic to the west coast shores of the North and South Islands, where wave action ...'' References External lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedicellasteridae
Pedicellasteridae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Forcipulatida The Forcipulatida are an order of sea stars, containing three families and 49 genera. Description Forcipulatids share with the brisingid sea stars distinctive pedicellariae, consisting of a short stalk with three skeletal ossicles. Unlike tha .... Genera: * '' Afraster'' Blake, Breton & Gofas, 1996 * '' Ampheraster'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Anteliaster'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Hydrasterias'' Sladen, 1889 * '' Pedicellaster'' M.Sars, 1861 * '' Peranaster'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Tarsaster'' Sladen, 1889 References Forcipulatida Echinoderm families {{Asteroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asteriidae
The Asteriidae are a diverse family of Asteroidea (sea stars) in the order Forcipulatida. It is one of three families in the order Forcipulatida. Genera The World Register of Marine Species lists these genera within the family Asteriidae (in a field of 6 families): * '' Adelasterias'' Verrill, 1914 * '' Anasterias'' Perrier, 1875 * '' Aphanasterias'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Aphelasterias'' Fisher, 1923 * ''Asterias'' Linnaeus, 1758 * '' Astrometis'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Astrostole'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Caimanaster'' A.M. Clark, 1962 * '' Calasterias'' Hayashi, 1975 * '' Coronaster'' Perrier, 1885 * '' Coscinasterias'' Verrill, 1867 * '' Cryptasterias'' Verrill, 1914 * '' Diplasterias'' Perrier, 1891 * '' Distolasterias'' Perrier, 1896 * '' Evasterias'' Verrill, 1914 * '' Icasterias'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Kenrickaster'' A.M. Clark, 1962 * '' Leptasterias'' Verrill, 1866 * '' Lethasterias'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Lysasterias'' Fisher, 1908 * ''Marthasterias'' Jullien, 1878 * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnopodiidae
Pycnopodiidae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Forcipulatida. Genera: * '' Lysastrosoma'' Fisher, 1922 * ''Pycnopodia ''Pycnopodia helianthoides'', commonly known as the sunflower sea star, is a large sea star found in the northeast Pacific. The only species of its genus, it is among the largest sea stars in the world, with a maximum arm span of . Adult sunflo ...'' Stimpson, 1862 References Forcipulatida Echinoderm families {{echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brisingida
The Brisingids are deep-sea-dwelling starfish in the order Brisingida. Description These starfish have between 6 to 18 long, attenuated arms which they use for suspension feeding. Other characteristics include a single series of marginals, a fused ring of disc plates, the lack of actinal plates, a spool-like ambulacral column, reduced abactinal plates, and crossed pedicellariae. They are 40 times the size of disk radius and have 7-20 flexible spiny arms. Distribution Brisingida occur in a number of deep-sea locations, particularly in the Caribbean and New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 List of islands of New Zealand, smaller islands. It is the .... This type of species are found of varying size especially in the eastern Pacific Ocean at a depth of 1,820–2,418 m. Taxonomy The Brisingida contain two families, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forcipulatacea
The Forcipulatacea are a superorder of sea stars. Subdivision * order Forcipulatida * order Brisingida The Brisingids are deep-sea-dwelling starfish in the order Brisingida. Description These starfish have between 6 to 18 long, attenuated arms which they use for suspension feeding. Other characteristics include a single series of marginals, a f ... * incertae sedis: ** family Paulasteriidae References Asteroidea {{Asteroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliasteridae
The Heliasteridae are a family of Asteroidea (sea stars) in the order Forcipulatida. It includes two genera: ''Heliaster'' from the East Pacific (California to Chile, including offshore islands), and ''Labidiaster'' from southernmost South America, Antarctica and subantarctic oceans. Genera The World Register of Marine Species includes two genera and seven species within the family Heliasteridae: *''Heliaster'' Gray, 1840'' **''Heliaster canopus'' Perrier, 1875 **''Heliaster cumingi'' (Gray, 1840) **''Heliaster helianthus'' (Lamarck, 1816) **''Heliaster kubiniji'' Xantus, 1860 **''Heliaster microbrachius'' Xantus, 1860 **''Heliaster polybrachius'' H.L. Clark, 1907 **''Heliaster solaris'' A.H. Clark, 1920 *''Labidiaster'' Lütken, 1872'' **''Labidiaster annulatus'' Sladen, 1889 **''Labidiaster radiosus ''Labidiaster radiosus'', the fragile sticky ray star, is a large species of starfish in the family Heliasteridae and was first described by Lütken in 1871. It is found in the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paulasterias Mcclaini
''Paulasterias mcclaini'' is a species of starfish in the family Paulasteriidae. It is found in deep water at hydrothermal vents. Taxonomy This species was collected by the marine biologist Craig McClain and first described by echinoderm specialist Christopher Mah in 2015, being named ''Paulasterias mcclaini'' in honour of its finder. Along with its sister species '' Paulasterias tyleri'', also found at hydrothermal vents, it differed markedly from other known starfish species, so the new family Paulasteriidae in the superorder Forcipulatacea was created to accommodate the two species. They are the first starfish species known from hydrothermal vents. Description ''Paulasterias mcclaini'' is a six-armed starfish with slender tapering arms. Larger specimens have a thick fleshy skin on the aboral (upper) surface, with spongy tissue underneath, which conceals the dermal plates. It is a pink starfish, covered with short spines. Distribution and habitat This starfish was found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic Analysis
In biology Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditar ..., phylogenetics (; from Greek language, Greek wikt:φυλή, φυλή/wikt:φῦλον, φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, Protein, protein Amino acid, amino acid sequences, or Morphology (biology), morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
