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Cryptista
Cryptista is a clade of alga-like eukaryotes. It is most likely related to Archaeplastida which includes plants and many algae, within the larger group Diaphoretickes. Other characteristic features of cryptophyte mtDNAs include large syntenic clusters resembling α-proteobacterial operons that encode bacteria-like rRNAs, tRNAs, and ribosomal protein genes. Additionally, they are an evolutionarily significant lineage found in mostly marine, glacial and freshwater environments. Although it has sometimes placed along with Haptista in the group Hacrobia, within the kingdom Chromista, most recent studies have found that Hacrobia is not a clade. For example, in 2016, a broad phylogenomic study found that cryptists fall within the group Archaeplastida, while haptophytes are closely related to the SAR supergroup. Taxonomy Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Corbihelia ** Clade Endohelia Cavalier-Smith 2015 *** Clade Endohelea Cavalier-Smith 2012 * Cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chromista
Chromista is a proposed but polyphyletic obsolete Biology, biological Kingdom (biology), kingdom, refined from the Chromalveolata, consisting of single-celled and multicellular eukaryotic species that share similar features in their Photosynthesis, photosynthetic organelles (plastids). It includes all eukaryotes whose plastids contain chlorophyll c, chlorophyll ''c'' and are surrounded by four membranes. If the ancestor already possessed chloroplasts derived by Endosymbiont, endosymbiosis from red algae, all non-photosynthetic Chromista have secondarily lost the ability to photosynthesise. Its members might have arisen independently as separate evolutionary groups from the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Chromista as a taxon was created by the British biologist Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1981 to distinguish the stramenopiles, haptophytes, and Cryptomonad, cryptophytes. According to Cavalier-Smith, the kingdom originally consisted mostly of photosynthetic eukaryotes (algae), but he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diaphoretickes
Diaphoretickes is a major group of eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms spanning over 400,000 species. The majority of the earth's biomass that carries out photosynthesis belongs to Diaphoretickes. In older classification systems, members of the Diaphoretickes were variously placed in the Kingdom (biology), kingdoms Protozoa or Protist, Protista. Etymology The name Diaphoretickes derives (''diaforetikés'') meaning diverse, dissimilar, referring to the wide morphology (biology), morphological and cellular diversity among members of this clade. History Eukaryotes, organisms whose cells contain a cell nucleus, nucleus, have been traditionally grouped into four kingdom (biology), kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi and protists. In the late 20th century, molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that protists are a paraphyletic assortment of many independent evolutionary lineages or clades, from which animals, fungi and plants evolved. However, the relationships between these clades re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucocrypta
The kathablepharids or katablepharids () are a group of heterotrophic flagellates closely related to cryptomonads. First described by Heinrich Leonhards Skuja in 1939, kathablepharids were named after the genus '' Kathablepharis''. This genus is corrected to ''Katablepharis'' under botanical nomenclature, but the original spelling is maintained under zoological nomenclature. They are single-celled protists with two anteriorly directed flagella, an anterior cytostome for ingesting eukaryotic prey, and a sheath that covers the cell membrane. They have extrusomes known as ejectisomes, as well as tubular mitochondrial cristae. Evolution Besides the known katablepharid diversity, dozens of environmental DNA sequences (both freshwater and marine) seem to represent further katablepharids which have not been cultured or formally described. Through molecular phylogenetic analyses, they are consistently recovered as the sister clade to cryptomonads, an assemblage of flagellates containing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptista
Cryptista is a clade of alga-like eukaryotes. It is most likely related to Archaeplastida which includes plants and many algae, within the larger group Diaphoretickes. Other characteristic features of cryptophyte mtDNAs include large syntenic clusters resembling α-proteobacterial operons that encode bacteria-like rRNAs, tRNAs, and ribosomal protein genes. Additionally, they are an evolutionarily significant lineage found in mostly marine, glacial and freshwater environments. Although it has sometimes placed along with Haptista in the group Hacrobia, within the kingdom Chromista, most recent studies have found that Hacrobia is not a clade. For example, in 2016, a broad phylogenomic study found that cryptists fall within the group Archaeplastida, while haptophytes are closely related to the SAR supergroup. Taxonomy Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Corbihelia ** Clade Endohelia Cavalier-Smith 2015 *** Clade Endohelea Cavalier-Smith 2012 * Cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucocryptea
The kathablepharids or katablepharids () are a group of heterotrophic flagellates closely related to cryptomonads. First described by Heinrich Leonhards Skuja in 1939, kathablepharids were named after the genus '' Kathablepharis''. This genus is corrected to ''Katablepharis'' under botanical nomenclature, but the original spelling is maintained under zoological nomenclature. They are single-celled protists with two anteriorly directed flagella, an anterior cytostome for ingesting eukaryotic prey, and a sheath that covers the cell membrane. They have extrusomes known as ejectisomes, as well as tubular mitochondrial cristae. Evolution Besides the known katablepharid diversity, dozens of environmental DNA sequences (both freshwater and marine) seem to represent further katablepharids which have not been cultured or formally described. Through molecular phylogenetic analyses, they are consistently recovered as the sister clade to cryptomonads, an assemblage of flagellates containing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kathablepharidophyta
The kathablepharids or katablepharids () are a group of heterotrophic flagellates closely related to cryptomonads. First described by Heinrich Leonhards Skuja in 1939, kathablepharids were named after the genus '' Kathablepharis''. This genus is corrected to ''Katablepharis'' under botanical nomenclature, but the original spelling is maintained under zoological nomenclature. They are single-celled protists with two anteriorly directed flagella, an anterior cytostome for ingesting eukaryotic prey, and a sheath that covers the cell membrane. They have extrusomes known as ejectisomes, as well as tubular mitochondrial cristae. Evolution Besides the known katablepharid diversity, dozens of environmental DNA sequences (both freshwater and marine) seem to represent further katablepharids which have not been cultured or formally described. Through molecular phylogenetic analyses, they are consistently recovered as the sister clade to cryptomonads, an assemblage of flagellates containing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endohelia
Endohelea is a proposed clade of eukaryotes that are related to Archaeplastida and the SAR supergroup. They used to be considered heliozoans, but phylogenetically they belong to a group of microorganisms known as Cryptista. Classification Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis in 2015, the class contained two orders: Microhelida and Heliomonadida. However, according to a study by Cavalier-Smith, published in 2022, the order Heliomonadida is actually part of Cercozoa, and only one species of heliomonad, '' Tetrahelia pterbica'', has been kept in Endohelea as its own order Axomonadida. * Class Endohelea Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Order Microhelida Cavalier-Smith 2011 *** Family Microheliellidae Cavalier-Smith 2011 **** Genus ''Microheliella ''Microheliella'' () is a monotypic genus of protists containing the sole species ''M. maris'', first described in 2012. It has a variety of unusual morphological characteristics which make its broader classification difficult. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hacrobia
The cryptomonads-haptophytes assemblage is a proposed but disputed monophyletic grouping of unicellular eukaryotes that are not included in the SAR supergroup. Several alternative names have been used for the group, including Hacrobia (derived from "ha-" referring to Haptophyta, "-cr-" referring to cryptomonads, and "-bia" as a general suffix referring to life); CCTH (standing for Cryptophyta, Centrohelida, Telonemia and Haptophyta); and "Eukaryomonadae". , it is unclear whether this group is monophyletic or not; results of phylogenetic studies are "often dependent on the selection of taxa and gene data set". Two 2012 studies produced opposite results. Members In the past, heterokonts, haptophytes, and cryptomonads have sometimes been grouped together in a group known as chromists. Though the heterokonts are now split out, Cryptophyta and Haptophyta are considered in some studies to be closely related (and are sometimes simply referred to as the "Cryptophyta+Haptophyta" g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palpitea
Palpitea is a proposed clade of eukaryotes that are related to Archaeplastida and the SAR supergroup SAR is a highly diverse clade of eukaryotes, often considered a supergroup, that includes stramenopiles (heterokonts), alveolates, and rhizarians. It is a node-based taxon (under the Sar name), including all descendants of the three groups' .... Classification Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Subphylum Palpitia Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Class Palpitea Cavalier-Smith 2012 *** Order Palpitida **** Family Palpitomonadidae ***** Genus '' Palpitomonas'' Yabuki, Inagaki & Ishida 2010 ****** Species '' Palpitomonas bilix'' Yabuki, Inagaki & Ishida 2010 References External links Tree of Life: Hacrobia Cryptista Cryptista classes Taxa named by Thomas Cavalier-Smith Monotypic eukaryote classes {{Cryptista-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palpitia
Palpitea is a proposed clade of eukaryotes that are related to Archaeplastida and the SAR supergroup. Classification Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Subphylum Palpitia Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Class Palpitea Cavalier-Smith 2012 *** Order Palpitida ''Palpitomonas'' is a genus of biflagellated protists within the phylum Cryptista'','' a clade of basal eukaryotes. This genus is especially significant for understanding the early evolution of mitochondria, Flagellum, flagella, and the broader C ... **** Family Palpitomonadidae ***** Genus '' Palpitomonas'' Yabuki, Inagaki & Ishida 2010 ****** Species '' Palpitomonas bilix'' Yabuki, Inagaki & Ishida 2010 References External links Tree of Life: Hacrobia Cryptista Cryptista classes Taxa named by Thomas Cavalier-Smith Monotypic eukaryote classes {{Cryptista-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeplastida
The Archaeplastida (or kingdom Plantae '' sensu lato'' "in a broad sense"; pronounced ) are a major group of eukaryotes, comprising the photoautotrophic red algae (Rhodophyta), green algae, land plants, and the minor group glaucophytes. It also includes the non-photosynthetic lineage Rhodelphidia, a predatorial (eukaryotrophic) flagellate that is sister to the Rhodophyta, and probably the microscopic picozoans. The Archaeplastida have chloroplasts that are surrounded by two membranes, suggesting that they were acquired directly through a single endosymbiosis event by phagocytosis of a cyanobacterium. All other groups which have chloroplasts, besides the amoeboid genus '' Paulinella'', have chloroplasts surrounded by three or four membranes, suggesting they were acquired secondarily from red or green algae. Unlike red and green algae, glaucophytes have never been involved in secondary endosymbiosis events. The cells of the Archaeplastida typically lack centrioles and have mit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
