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Coumaroyl-CoA
Coumaroyl-coenzyme A is the thioester of coenzyme-A and coumaric acid. Coumaroyl-coenzyme A is a central intermediate in the biosynthesis of myriad natural products found in plants. These products include lignols (precursors to lignin and lignocellulose), flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, aurones, stilbenes, catechin, and other phenylpropanoids. Biosynthesis and significance It is generated in nature from phenylalanine, which is converted by PAL to trans- cinnamate. Trans-cinnamate is hydroxylated by trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase to give 4-hydroxycinnamate (i.e, coumarate). Coumarate is condensed with coenzyme-A in the presence of 4-coumarate-CoA ligase: :ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA \rightleftharpoons AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA. Enzymes using Coumaroyl-Coenzyme A * Anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside 6''-O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase * Anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase * Chalcone synthase Chalcone synthase or naringenin-chalcone synthase (CHS) is an enzyme ub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase
In enzymology, an agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalysis, catalyzes the chemical reaction :4-coumaroyl-CoA + agmatine \rightleftharpoons CoA + N-(4-guanidinobutyl)-4-hydroxycinnamamide Thus, the two substrate (biochemistry), substrates of this enzyme are 4-coumaroyl-CoA and agmatine, whereas its two product (chemistry), products are coenzyme A, CoA and N-(4-guanidinobutyl)-4-hydroxycinnamamide. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, to be specific those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The List of enzymes, systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-coumaroyl-CoA:agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase. Other names in common use include p-coumaroyl-CoA-agmatine N-p-coumaroyltransferase, agmatine coumaroyltransferase, and 4-coumaroyl-CoA:agmatine 4-N-coumaroyltransferase. References * EC 2.3.1 Enzymes of unknown structure {{2.3-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naringenin-chalcone Synthase
Chalcone synthase or naringenin-chalcone synthase (CHS) is an enzyme ubiquitous to higher plants and belongs to a family of polyketide synthase enzymes (PKS) known as type III PKS. Type III PKSs are associated with the production of chalcones, a class of organic compounds found mainly in plants as natural defense mechanisms and as synthetic intermediates. CHS was the first type III PKS to be discovered. It is the first committed enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 4-coumaroyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to naringenin chalcone. Function CHS catalysis serves as the initial step for flavonoid biosynthesis. Flavonoids are important plant secondary metabolites that serve various functions in higher plants. These include pigmentation, UV protection, fertility, antifungal defense and the recruitment of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. CHS is believed to act as a central hub for the enzymes involved in the flavonoid pathway. Studies have shown that these enzymes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trihydroxystilbene Synthase
In enzymology, a trihydroxystilbene synthase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA \rightleftharpoons 4 CoA + 3,4',5-trihydroxy-stilbene + 4 CO2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are malonyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA, whereas its 3 products are CoA, 3,4',5-trihydroxy-stilbene (resveratrol), and CO2. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, To be specific those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is malonyl-CoA:4-coumaroyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing). Other names in common use include resveratrol synthase, and stilbene synthase. This enzyme participates in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Structural studies As of late 2007, two structures A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
In enzymology, a shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :4-coumaroyl-CoA + shikimate \rightleftharpoons CoA + 4-coumaroylshikimate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 4-coumaroyl-CoA and shikimate, whereas its two products are CoA and 4-coumaroylshikimate. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-coumaroyl-CoA:shikimate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase. This enzyme is also called shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase. This enzyme participates in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis The biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids involves a number of enzymes. From amino acids to cinnamates In plants, all phenylpropanoids are derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, a.k.a. phenylalanine/t .... References * * EC 2.3.1 Enzymes of unknow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavonol-3-O-triglucoside O-coumaroyltransferase
In enzymology, a flavonol-3-O-triglucoside O-coumaroyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :4-coumaroyl-CoA + a flavonol 3-O- 2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside">eta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside\rightleftharpoons CoA + a flavonol 3-O- 2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)- beta-D-glucoside">-(4-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)- beta-D-glucoside The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 4-coumaroyl-CoA, flavonol, and 2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside">3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside, whereas its 4 products are CoA, flavonol Flavonols are a class of flavonoids that have the 3-hydroxyflavone backbone (IUPAC name: 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one). Their diversity stems from the different positions of the phenolic –OH groups. They are distinct from flavanols (with ..., 2)-">3-O-[6-(4-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-, and beta-D-glucoside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6'-Deoxychalcone Synthase
In enzymology, a 6'-deoxychalcone synthase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ \rightleftharpoons 4 CoA + isoliquiritigenin + 3 CO2 + NADP+ + H2O The 4 substrates of this enzyme are malonyl-CoA, 4-coumaroyl-CoA, NADPH, and H+, whereas its 5 products are CoA, isoliquiritigenin, CO2, NADP+, and H2O. Deoxychalcone synthase catalyzed activity is involved in the biosynthesis of retrochalcone and certain phytoalexins in the cells of ''Glycyrrhiza echinata'' (Russian licorice) and other leguminous plants. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, to be specific those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivi ... of thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-Coumarate-CoA Ligase
In enzymology, a 4-coumarate—CoA ligase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA \rightleftharpoons AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, 4-coumarate, and CoA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and 4-coumaroyl-CoA. This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, to be specific those forming carbon-sulfur bonds as acid-thiol ligases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include 4-coumaroyl-CoA synthetase, ''p''-coumaroyl CoA ligase, ''p''-coumaryl coenzyme A synthetase, ''p''-coumaryl-CoA synthetase, ''p''-coumaryl-CoA ligase, feruloyl CoA ligase, hydroxycinnamoyl CoA synthetase, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, caffeoyl coenzyme A synthetase, ''p''-hydroxycinnamoyl coenzyme A synthetase, feruloyl coenzyme A synthetase, sinapoyl coenzyme A synthetase, 4-coumaryl-CoA synthetase, hydroxycinnamate:CoA ligase, ''p''-coumaryl- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylpropanoid
The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are biosynthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine in the shikimic acid pathway. Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the three-carbon propene tail of coumaric acid, which is the central intermediate in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. From 4-Coumaroyl-CoA, 4-coumaroyl-CoA emanates the biosynthesis of myriad natural products including Monolignol, lignols (precursors to lignin and lignocellulose), flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, aurones, stilbenes, catechin, and phenylpropanoids. The coumaroyl component is produced from cinnamic acid. Phenylpropanoids are found throughout the plant kingdom, where they serve as essential components of a number of structural polymers, provide protection from ultraviolet light, defend against herbivores and pathogens, and also mediate plant-pollinator interactions as floral pigments and scent compounds. Hydroxycinnamic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside 6''-O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
Anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside 6″-O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase is an enzyme forming delphinidin 3-(6-''p''-coumaroyl)glucoside from delphinidin 3-''O''-glucoside (myrtillin) and ''p''-coumaroyl-CoA. It is an enzyme in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. It can be isolated from ''Perilla frutescens ''Perilla frutescens'', also called deulkkae () or Korean perilla, is a species of '' Perilla'' in the mint family Lamiaceae. It is an annual plant native to Southeast Asia and Indian highlands, and is traditionally grown in the Korean peninsul ...''. References External links Sequence at uniprot.org Transferases Anthocyanins metabolism {{transferase-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-Coumaroyl
''p''-Coumaric acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4CH=CHCO2H. It is one of the three isomers of coumaric acid. It is a white solid that is only slightly soluble in water but very soluble in ethanol and diethyl ether. Natural occurrences It is a precursor to many natural products, especially lignols, precursors to the woody mass that comprise many plants. Of the myriad occurrences, ''p''-coumaric acid can be found in ''Gnetum cleistostachyum''. In food ''p''-Coumaric acid can be found in a wide variety of edible plants and fungi such as peanuts, navy beans, tomatoes, carrots, basil and garlic. It is found in wine and vinegar. It is also found in barley grain. ''p''-Coumaric acid from pollen is a constituent of honey. Derivatives ''p''-Coumaric acid glucoside can also be found in commercial breads containing flaxseed. Diesters of ''p''-coumaric acid can be found in carnauba wax. Biosynthesis It is biosynthesized from cinnamic acid by the action of the P45 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
