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Convoy HG76
Convoy HG 76 (19 to 23 December 1941) was an Allied convoy of the HG (Homeward from Gibraltar) series, during the Second World War. It was notable for the destruction of five German U-boats, although the true total was not known to the British until after the war. Two Condor long-range reconnaissance aircraft were shot down by British Martlet fighters from the escort carrier , which was sunk later on the voyage, along with a destroyer and two merchant ships. Despite the loss of ''Audacity'', it was regarded as the first big convoy victory for the Allies in the Battle of the Atlantic. Background The attack on Convoy HG 76 was the last in a series of U-boat pack attacks on Gibraltar convoys which had started in the summer of 1941. Before this the U-boat Arm () had only enough boats operational to form one patrol line at a time and their focus was on the North Atlantic convoy route. Gibraltar convoys had suffered only occasional adventitious attacks by individual U-boats that had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Atlantic
The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, ran from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, covering a major part of the naval history of World War II. At its core was the Allies of World War II, Allied naval Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany's subsequent counter-blockade. The campaign peaked from mid-1940 to the end of 1943. The Battle of the Atlantic pitted U-boats and other warships of the German (navy) and aircraft of the (air force) against the Royal Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, United States Navy, and Merchant Navy (United Kingdom), Allied merchant shipping. Convoys, coming mainly from North America and predominantly going to the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, were protected for the most part by the British and Canadian navies and air forces. These forces were aided by ships and aircraft of the United States beginning on 13 September 1941. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
36th Escort Group (Royal Navy)
36th Escort Group was a British formation of the Royal Navy which saw action during the Second World War, principally in the Battle of the Atlantic. The group operated mainly on the Gibraltar and South Atlantic convoy routes and was involved in several convoy battles, including Convoy HG 76, one of the first Allied victories in the Atlantic campaign. Formation 36th Escort Group (36 EG) was formed in October 1941 led by HMS ''Stork'' under the command of Cdr Frederic John Walker, FJ "Johnnie" Walker, destined to become Britains most successful anti-submarine warfare commander. The group comprised 2 sloops, HMS Stork (L81), ''Stork'' and HMS Deptford (U53), ''Deptford'' (Lt Cdr HR White), and 7 corvettes. HMS Convolvulus (K45), ''Convolvulus'' (Lt RS Connel), HMS Gardenia (K99), ''Gardenia'' (Lt Cdr Firth), HMS Marigold (K87), ''Marigold'' (Lt J Renwick), HMS Pentstemon (K61), ''Pentstemon'' (Lt Cdr J Byron), HMS Rhododendron (K78), ''Rhodedendron'' (Lt Cdr LA Sayers), HMS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convoy Commodore
Convoy commodore also known as commodore, convoys was the title of a civilian put in charge of the good order of the merchant ships in the British convoys used during World War II. Usually the convoy commodore was a retired naval officer or a senior merchant captain drawn from the Royal Naval Reserve. He was aboard one of the merchant ships. The convoy commodore was distinguished from the commander of the convoy's escort, always a naval officer. Description Convoy commodores were based at HMS ''Eaglet'', the Royal Navy's shore establishment at Liverpool. Commodores had a peripatetic role, sailing with each convoy as assigned in a suitable ship. This ship would be the convoy flagship, but remained under the command of its master, the commodore and his team merely taking passage. The commodores were accompanied by a small team of ratings, usually a yeoman and two or three signalers; these teams would stay together and work with the same commodore throughout the campaign, allow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Audacity (D10)
HMS ''Audacity'' was a British escort carrier of the Second World War and the first of her kind to serve in the Royal Navy. She was originally the German merchant ship ''Hannover'', which the British captured in the West Indies in March 1940 and renamed ''Sinbad'', then ''Empire Audacity''. She was converted and commissioned as HMS ''Empire Audacity'', then as HMS ''Audacity''. She was torpedoed and sunk by a Kriegsmarine, German U-boat in late 1941. History ''Hannover'' ''Hannover'' was a 5,537 Gross register tonnage, GRT cargo liner built by Bremer Vulkan, Bremer Vulkan Schiff- und Maschinenbau, Bremen-Vegesack, Vegesack and Ceremonial ship launching, launched on 29 March 1939. She was owned by Norddeutscher Lloyd and plied between Germany and the West Indies on the banana run. ''Hannover''s port of registry was Bremen. When World War II began, ''Hannover'' sought refuge in Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. In March 1940, ''Hannover'' attempted to return to Germany as a blo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered to the southeast by Liberia and by Guinea to the north. Sierra Leone's land area is . It has a tropical climate and environments ranging from savannas to rainforests. As of the 2023 census, Sierra Leone has a population of 8,460,512. Freetown is its capital and largest city. Sierra Leone is a presidential republic, with a unicameral parliament and a directly elected president. It is a secular state. Its Constitution of Sierra Leone, constitution provides for the separation of state and religion and freedom of conscience. Muslims constitute three-quarters of the population, and there is a significant Christian minority. Notably, religious tolerance is very high. Sierra Leone's current territorial configuration was established in two phases: in 1808, the coastal Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate, Sierra Leone Colony was founded as a place to resettle retu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
