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36th Escort Group (Royal Navy)
36th Escort Group was a British formation of the Royal Navy which saw action during the Second World War, principally in the Battle of the Atlantic. The group operated mainly on the Gibraltar and South Atlantic convoy routes and was involved in several convoy battles, including Convoy HG 76, one of the first Allied victories in the Atlantic campaign. Formation 36th Escort Group (36 EG) was formed in October 1941 led by HMS ''Stork'' under the command of Cdr Frederic John Walker, FJ "Johnnie" Walker, destined to become Britains most successful anti-submarine warfare commander. The group comprised 2 sloops, HMS Stork (L81), ''Stork'' and HMS Deptford (U53), ''Deptford'' (Lt Cdr HR White), and 7 corvettes. HMS Convolvulus (K45), ''Convolvulus'' (Lt RS Connel), HMS Gardenia (K99), ''Gardenia'' (Lt Cdr Firth), HMS Marigold (K87), ''Marigold'' (Lt J Renwick), HMS Pentstemon (K61), ''Pentstemon'' (Lt Cdr J Byron), HMS Rhododendron (K78), ''Rhodedendron'' (Lt Cdr LA Sayers), HMS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, colonies, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, mandates, and other Dependent territory, territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the English overseas possessions, overseas possessions and trading posts established by Kingdom of England, England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, and colonisation attempts by Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland during the 17th century. At its height in the 19th and early 20th centuries, it became the List of largest empires, largest empire in history and, for a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered , of the Earth's total land area. As a result, Westminster system, its constitutional, Common law, legal, English language, linguistic, and Culture of the United Kingdom, cultural legacy is widespread. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-submarine Warfare
Anti-submarine warfare (ASW, or in the older form A/S) is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, submarines, or other platforms, to find, track, and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines. Such operations are typically carried out to protect friendly shipping and coastal facilities from submarine attacks and to overcome blockades. Successful ASW operations typically involve a combination of sensor and weapon technologies, along with effective deployment strategies and sufficiently trained personnel. Typically, sophisticated sonar equipment is used for first detecting, then classifying, locating, and tracking a target submarine. Sensors are therefore a key element of ASW. Common weapons for attacking submarines include torpedoes and naval mines, which can both be launched from an array of air, surface, and underwater platforms. ASW capabilities are often considered of significant strategic importance, particularly following provocative instanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Wild Swan (D62)
HMS ''Wild Swan'' was an Admiralty modified W-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy. She was one of four destroyers ordered in 1918 from Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson, Wallsend-on-Tyne under the 14th Order for Destroyers of the Emergency War Program of 1917–18. She was the second Royal Navy ship to carry the name, after the sloop in 1876. Like her sisters, she was completed too late to see action in the First World War. Construction and design ''Wild Swan'' was one of seven Modified W-class destroyers that were completed after World War I, out of an original order for 38 ships issued in April 1918.Friedman 2009, pp. 170, 313–314. She was built by Swan Hunter at Wallsend on Tyne, being laid down in July 1918, launched on 17 May 1919 and completed on 14 November 1919.Preston 1971, pp. 109–110. ''Wild Swan'' was long overall and between perpendiculars, with a beam of and a draught of between and depending on load. Displacement was standard and deep load ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Audacity (D10)
HMS ''Audacity'' was a British escort carrier of the Second World War and the first of her kind to serve in the Royal Navy. She was originally the German merchant ship ''Hannover'', which the British captured in the West Indies in March 1940 and renamed ''Sinbad'', then ''Empire Audacity''. She was converted and commissioned as HMS ''Empire Audacity'', then as HMS ''Audacity''. She was torpedoed and sunk by a Kriegsmarine, German U-boat in late 1941. History ''Hannover'' ''Hannover'' was a 5,537 Gross register tonnage, GRT cargo liner built by Bremer Vulkan, Bremer Vulkan Schiff- und Maschinenbau, Bremen-Vegesack, Vegesack and Ceremonial ship launching, launched on 29 March 1939. She was owned by Norddeutscher Lloyd and plied between Germany and the West Indies on the banana run. ''Hannover''s port of registry was Bremen. When World War II began, ''Hannover'' sought refuge in Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. In March 1940, ''Hannover'' attempted to return to Germany as a blo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Vetch (K132)
HMS ''Vetch'' (K132) was a that served in the Royal Navy during the Second World War. After helping to escort many convoys and sinking two U-boats, she was decommissioned and sold in 1945. Ordering and construction As part of the 1939 War Programme, HMS ''Vetch'' was ordered on 12 December 1939 from Smiths Dock Company Limited of Middlesbrough. The ship was not laid down until 15 March 1941 but she was quickly launched on 27 May 1941 and commissioned into the Royal Navy on 11 August 1941. War service In October 1941 ''Vetch'' was assigned to the 36th Escort Group (36 EG) based at Liverpool, part of Western Approaches Command. Between 20 August and 4 September the ship underwent sea trials at Tobermory and her first convoy escort duty was with OG 74 between 13 and 27 September 1941 (which included 27 ships plus the first escort carrier, and the Ocean Boarding Vessel, ''Corinthian'' which was continuing on into the South Atlantic). OG 74 was protected by the sloop ''Deptf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Samphire (K128)
HMS ''Samphire'' was a that served in the Royal Navy. She was built by Smiths Dock Company, in South Bank-on-Tees, and was commissioned into the Royal Navy on 30 June 1941. Wartime service ''Samphire'' was assigned to the 36th Escort Group and tasked with convoy escort operations between Liverpool and the Mediterranean Sea. On 21 December 1941, she successfully released depth charges with the British sloop resulting in the sinking of the German submarine in the North Atlantic northeast of the Azores. All 47 men on board the ''U-567'' were killed. On 8 November 1942, she escorted from the Mediterranean after she had been attacked by German aircraft, which hit the ''Leedstown'' with an aerial torpedo An aerial torpedo (also known as an airborne torpedo or air-dropped torpedo) is a torpedo launched from a torpedo bomber aircraft into the water, after which the weapon propels itself to the target. First used in World War I, air-dropped torped ... in the stern the day ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Rhododendron (K78)
HMS ''Rhododendron'' was a that served with the Royal Navy during the Second World War. She served as an ocean escort in the Battle of the Atlantic. Background The ship was ordered on 19 September 1939 from Harland & Wolff in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The ship's keel was laid on 22 May 1940, and the ship was launched on 2 September. The ship was commissioned about one month later, on 18 October. War Service On 21 November 1940, ''Rhododendron'', part of the escort for Convoy OB244, attacked the German U-boat ''U-103'' with depth charges, helping to drive the submarine away from the convoy. Although ''U-103'' escaped unscathed, this attack led to the incorrect claim that ''Rhododendron'' had sunk ''U-104''. That same day, she picked up 36 survivors from the merchant ship ''Daydawn'', which earlier that day had been sunk by ''U-103''. At the beginning of 1941, ''Rhododendron'' was part of the 8th Escort Group. On 17 January 1941, she detonated a mine in Liverpool harbor, knoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Pentstemon (K61)
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name ''Pentstemon'' (or ''Penstemon'') after the flower Flowers, also known as blooms and blossoms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants ( angiosperms). Typically, they are structured in four circular levels, called whorls, around the end of a stalk. These whorls include: calyx, m ...: *, an sloop launched in 1916 she was sold in 1920 into mercantile service as ''Lila''. Subsequently, became the Chinese gunboat "Hai Chow" and sunk in 1937. *, a launched in 1941 and sold in 1946 into mercantile service as ''Galaxidi''. References * {{DEFAULTSORT:Pentstemon, Hms Royal Navy ship names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Marigold (K87)
HMS ''Marigold'' was a of the Royal Navy. She was launched on 4 September 1940 and was sunk by an Italian air-dropped torpedo on 9 December 1942. Design and construction The Flower class arose as a result of the Royal Navy's realisation in the late 1930s that it had a shortage of escort vessels, particularly coastal escorts for use on the East coast of Britain, as the likelihood of war with Germany increased. To meet this urgent requirement, a design developed based on the whale-catcher - this design was much more capable than naval trawlers, but cheaper and quicker to build than the s or s that were alternatives for the coastal escort role. The Flowers were long overall, at the waterline and between perpendiculars. Beam was and draught was aft. Displacement was about standard and full load. Two Admiralty three-drum water tube boilers fed steam to a vertical triple expansion engine rated at which drove a single propeller shaft. This gave a speed of . 200 tons o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Gardenia (K99)
HMS ''Gardenia'' was a that served in the Royal Navy and was built by William Simons and Company in 1940. She was named after Gardenia. Commissioned in 1940, rammed and sunk by on 9 November 1942. Design and description In early 1939, with the risk of war with Nazi Germany increasing, it was clear to the Royal Navy that it needed more escort ships to counter the threat from Kriegsmarine U-boats. One particular concern was the need to protect shipping off the east coast of Britain. What was needed was something larger and faster than trawlers, but still cheap enough to be built in large numbers, preferably at small merchant shipyards, as larger yards were already busy. To meet this requirement, the Smiths Dock Company of Middlesbrough, a specialist in the design and build of fishing vessels, offered a development of its 700-ton, whale catcher '' Southern Pride''.Brown 2007, pp. 41–43.Lambert and Brown 2008, p. 3. They were intended as small convoy escort ships that could be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Convolvulus (K45)
HMS ''Convolvulus'' was a of the Royal Navy in World War II. She was launched in 1940, served in the Battle of the Atlantic and was scrapped in 1947. Construction Assigned the pennant number K45, ''Convolvulus'' was built by Charles Hill & Sons, Bristol. She was laid down on 17 January 1940 as yard number 280. She was launched on 22 September 1940 and was subsequently commissioned on 26 February 1941. Service ''Convolvulus'' formed part of the 36th Escort Group which escorted the convoy HG 76 as well as convoys OG 82 and HG 84. During the escort of the latter, ''Convolvulus'' was left on a number of occasions as the convoy's lone escort whilst the other escorts investigated suspected U-boat contact or chased away U-boats caught on the surface. Despite the small escort screen offered by the ships of the 36th Escort Group and the lone sentry duty often performed by ''Convolvulus'', HG 84 suffered only a 22% loss rate. Captain F J Walker, RN, then leader of the 36th Escort Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Deptford (U53)
HMS ''Deptford'' was a sloop of the British Royal Navy. Built at Chatham Dockyard in the 1930s, ''Deptford'' was launched in 1935 and commissioned later that year. The ship saw early service on the Persian Gulf station, but the outbreak of the Second World War saw ''Deptford'' serving as a convoy escort in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean, sinking a German U-boat in 1941. She survived the war and was scrapped in 1948. Construction and design On 10 January 1934, the British Admiralty ordered a single , HMS ''Deptford'', to be built at Chatham Dockyard. She was the seventh ship of her class to be ordered, following two ordered in 1932 and four (two for the Royal Navy, one for the Royal Indian Marine and one for the Royal Australian Navy) in 1933. Another ship would be ordered for the Royal Navy later that year, with two more being ordered in 1935, while the Australians ordered another ship in 1935 and a final 2 in 1938. The ''Grimsby'' class, while based on the previous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
