|
Constitutional Pilsener
The Constitutional Pilsener () was a beer brand brewed by A. Le Coq in 2007, in celebration of the fifteenth anniversary of Estonia's 1992 constitution and introduced in cooperation with the Estonian Ministry of Justice. The beer was a bottom-fermented pale lager with an alcohol content of 4.2% by volume. The competing Saku Õlletehas has denounced this approach, claiming that a pilsener is too cheap a brand of beer to be associated with the Constitution. The leader of the Estonian Beer Association (), Cardo Remmel, has expressed disagreement with Saku Õlletehas' position and approved the idea of promoting awareness of the Constitution using a beer brand. In its editorial, Eesti Päevaleht pointed out the hypocrisy of Saku Õlletehas' position, as the latter has been producing a Presidential Pilsener for several years.Eesti Päevaleht ''Eesti Päevaleht'' ''("Estonia Daily")'' is a major daily Estonian newspaper, from the same publishers as the weekly ''Eesti Ekspress''. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Estonia
Constitution of Estonia is the fundamental law of the Republic of Estonia and establishes the state order as that of a democratic republic where the supreme power is vested in its citizens. The first Constitution was adopted by the freely elected Estonian Constituent Assembly on 15 June 1920 and came into force on 21 December 1920. Heavily amended on 24 January 1934, following a referendum in 1933, it was in force until the second Constitution was enacted on 1 January 1938. It remained in force, ''de facto'', until 16 June 1940, when the Soviet Union occupied Estonia and, ''de jure'', until 28 June 1992, when the third and current Constitution of the Republic of Estonia was adopted by referendum. History First Constitution (1920–1933/38) The first Constitution was a reflection of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's idea of national sovereignty. Power was split between the judiciary, the executive and the legislature according to the principles of Montesquieu. The Constitution provided ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Ministry Of Justice
The Estonian Ministry of Justice ( et, Justiitsministeerium) is the Ministry of Justice of Estonia. The Minister of Justice ( et, justiitsminister) is the senior minister at the Ministry of Justice in the Estonian Government. The Ministry is responsible for providing support to the court system and providing legal focus in proposing new laws. Duties and structures Ministry of Justice has following duties and structures: * Prisons (Estonian Department of Prisons) * The Prosecutor's Office * Courts * Patent Office * Estonian Competition Authority * Data Protection Inspectorate * Estonian Forensic Institute * Centre of Registers and Information Systems List of ministers * Jüri Raidla (3 April 1990 – 30 January 1992) * Märt Rask (30 January 1992 – 21 October 1992) * Kaido Kama (21 October 1992 – 23 May 1994) * Urmas Arumäe (2 June 1994 – 8 November 1994) *Jüri Adams (8 November 1994 – 17 April 1995) *Paul Varul (17 April 1995 – 6 November 1995; 6 November 1995 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lager
Lager () is beer which has been brewed and conditioned at low temperature. Lagers can be pale, amber, or dark. Pale lager is the most widely consumed and commercially available style of beer. The term "lager" comes from the German for "storage", as the beer was stored before drinking, traditionally in the same cool caves in which it was fermented. As well as maturation in cold storage, most lagers are distinguished by the use of '' Saccharomyces pastorianus'', a "bottom-fermenting" yeast that ferments at relatively cold temperatures. Etymology Until the 19th century, the German word ''Lagerbier'' ( de) referred to all types of bottom-fermented, cool-conditioned beer in normal strengths. In Germany today, it mainly refers to beers from southern Germany, either " Helles" (pale) or " Dunkel" (dark). Pilsner, a more heavily hopped pale lager, is most often known as "Pilsner", "Pilsener", or "Pils". Other lagers are Bock, Märzen, and Schwarzbier. In the United Kingdom, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saku Õlletehas
Saku Brewery is an Estonian brewery and soft drinks company based in Saku. It was founded in 1820 by the local Baltic German landlord Graf . Since 2008 Carlsberg Group has been the sole owner of Saku Brewery. History The history of Saku Brewery begins in early 19th century, when the owner of Saku estate at that time, – a nobleman of Baltic German descent – decided to build a distillery and a brewery on his land. The brewery was first documented in October 1820. It is believed that the production of beer, for the purpose of sale to pubs and taverns, began in the autumn of that year. From the end of 19th century onward, Saku has remained among the leading breweries in Estonia. Currently In 1991, joint venture Saku Õlletehas was established. Since January 27, 1998, the shares of Saku Brewery were traded in the list on the Tallinn Stock Exchange. On 20 September 2008, the shares of Saku Õlletehase AS were delisted from Tallinn Stock Exchange. Through large investmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilsener
Pilsner (also pilsener or simply pils) is a type of pale lager. It takes its name from the Bohemian city of Plzeň (german: Pilsen), where the world's first pale lager (now known as Pilsner Urquell) was produced in 1842 by Pilsner Urquell Brewery. History Origin The city of Plzeň was granted brewing rights in 1307, but until the mid-1840s, most Bohemian beers were top-fermented. Originally called in german: Bürger-Brauerei Pilsen ( cs, Měšťanský pivovar Plzeň, en, Citizens' Brewery), it is now known as Pilsner Urquell Brewery. It was here they began to brew beer in the Bavarian style. Brewers had begun aging beer made with cool fermenting yeasts in caves (lager, i.e., german: gelagert tored, which improved the beer's clarity and shelf-life. Part of this research benefited from the knowledge already expounded on in a book (printed in German in 1794, in Czech in 1799), written by Czech brewer (german: Franz Andreas Paupie, links=no) (1753–1805) from Brno. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beer
Beer is one of the oldest and the most widely consumed type of alcoholic drink in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea. It is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), rice, and oats are also used. During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.Barth, Roger. ''The Chemistry of Beer: The Science in the Suds'', Wiley 2013: . Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent. Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops. In commercial brewing, the natural carbonation effect is often removed during processing and replaced with forced carbonation. Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the productio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a ''written constitution''; if they are encompassed in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a ''codified constitution''. The Constitution of the United Kingdom is a notable example of an ''uncodified constitution''; it is instead written in numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court cases or treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign countries to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty which establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution defines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postimees
''Postimees'' () is an Estonian daily newspaper established on 5 June 1857, by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. In 1891, it became the first daily newspaper in Estonia. Its current editor-in-chief is Priit Hõbemägi. The paper has approximately 250 employees. ''Postimees'' is currently published six days a week and has the largest circulation and readership in Estonia with 55,000 copies sold during the workweek and over 72,000 on weekends. Ninety-seven percent of the paper's circulation is subscription-based with only three percent sold individually. The weekend edition of ''Postimees'', published on Saturdays, includes several separate sections: ''AK'' (), ''Arter'', and a television-guide. The paper is owned by namesake media company Postimees Group (formerly known as Eesti Meedia), which a company owned by entrepreneur Margus Linnamäe has a full control since 2015. History ''Postimees'' is considered to be the oldest newspaper in Estonia. ''Perno Postimees ehk Näddalaleht ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eesti Päevaleht
''Eesti Päevaleht'' ''("Estonia Daily")'' is a major daily Estonian newspaper, from the same publishers as the weekly ''Eesti Ekspress''. It has a daily circulation of around 36,000. History and profile ''Eesti Päevaleht'' was founded on 5 June 1995, when the newspapers '' Hommikuleht'', '' Päevaleht'' (previously '' Noorte Hääl'') and '' Rahva Hääl'' were merged into a single publication. On 29 September 1995, ''Eesti Päevaleht'' merged with ''Eesti Sõnumid''. In May 2011 the newspaper joined the Eesti Ajalehed Eesti Ajalehed ( en, Estonian Newspapers) was an Estonian publishing company, which published the newspapers Maaleht and Eesti Ekspress. The company belonged to the Tallinn Stock Exchange. The company operated in Tallinn Tallinn () is the m ... group. Another newspaper under the same name is published weekly in Stockholm, Sweden. References External links * 1995 establishments in Estonia Estonian-language newspapers Mass media in Tallinn Ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beer In Estonia
Beer (Estonian language, Estonian: ''Õlu'') has been brewed in Estonia for over a thousand years. The first written reference to beer in what is now Estonia dates to 1284. In Estonian, beers are often described as ''hele'' (pale) or ''tume'' (dark). Major breweries The Estonian beer market is dominated by Saku Brewery, Saku and A. Le Coq, who in 2022 together possessed over 90 percent of market share. Saku was founded in 1820 in the town of Saku, Estonia, Saku near Tallinn and is owned by Carlsberg Group. Tartu, Tartu's A. Le Coq was founded in 1807 and is currently owned by the Finnish company Olvi. Saku is traditionally more popular in north and west Estonia, while A. Le Coq has its heartland in the south and east. A. Le Coq states that it is the biggest drinks manufacturer in Estonia, while Saku states that its ''Saku Originaal'' is Estonia's most popular beer brand. Both produce non-alcoholic drinks as well as beer and mixed drinks. Both Saku and A. Le Coq operate brewery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
