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Congolese Party Of Labour
The Congolese Party of Labour (, PCT) is the ruling party of the Republic of the Congo. Founded in 1969 by Marien Ngouabi, it was originally a pro-Soviet, Marxist–Leninist vanguard party which founded the People's Republic of the Congo. It took a more moderate left-wing stance following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and adopted social democracy as its principal ideology in 2006. Denis Sassou Nguesso is the President of the PCT Central Committee, and Pierre Moussa is the Secretary-General of the PCT. One-party rule The PCT was founded by President Marien Ngouabi on 29 December 1969, and was Congo-Brazzaville's sole ruling party from its inception. From the outset, it was heavily dominated by military officers from the sparsely populated north of Congo-Brazzaville. Although the PCT regime was designed as a Soviet-style socialist one-party state, it was essentially a military regime with a strongly ethno-regional character. Members of the southern ethnic groups ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denis Sassou Nguesso
Denis Sassou Nguesso (born 23 November 1943) is a Congolese politician and former military officer who has served as president of the Republic of the Congo since 1997. He also previously served as president from 1979 to 1992. Sassou Nguesso headed the Congolese Party of Labour (PCT) for 12 years during his first period as president. His daughter Edith Lucie Bongo married Gabonese President Omar Bongo in 1989. He introduced multiparty politics in 1990, but was stripped of executive powers by the 1991 National Conference, remaining in office as a ceremonial head of state. He stood as a candidate in the 1992 presidential election but placed third. Sassou Nguesso was an opposition leader for five years before returning to power during the Second Republic of the Congo Civil War, in which his rebel forces ousted President Pascal Lissouba. Following a transitional period, he won the 2002 presidential election, which involved low opposition participation. He was re-elected in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vanguard Party
Vanguardism, a core concept of Leninism, is the idea that a revolutionary vanguard party, composed of the most conscious and disciplined workers, must lead the proletariat in overthrowing capitalism and establishing socialism, ultimately progressing to communism. The vanguard works to engage the working class in revolutionary politics and to strengthen proletarian political power against the bourgeoisie. This theory generally serves as a rationale for the leading role of the Communist party, often enshrined in the constitution if the party attains state power. Foundations Vladimir Lenin popularised political vanguardism as conceptualised by Karl Kautsky, detailing his thoughts in one of his earlier works, '' What is to be done?''. Lenin argued that Marxism's complexity and the hostility of the establishment (the autocratic, semi-feudal state of Imperial Russia) required that a close-knit group of individuals pulled from the working class vanguard to safeguard the revoluti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, the Workers Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was an unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991). These states followed the ideology of Marxism–Leninism, in opposition to the Capitalism, capitalist Western Bloc. The Eastern Bloc was often called the "Second World", whereas the term "First World" referred to the Western Bloc and "Third World" referred to the Non-Aligned Movement, non-aligned countries that were mainly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America but notably also included former Tito–Stalin split, pre-1948 Soviet ally Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia, which was located in Europe. In Western Europe, the term Eastern Bloc generally referred to the USSR and Central and Eastern European countries in the Comecon (East Germany, Polish Peo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Technical Coup
Technical may refer to: * Technical (vehicle), an improvised fighting vehicle * Technical area, an area which a manager, other coaching personnel, and substitutes are allowed to occupy during a football match * Technical advisor, a person who advises the director on the convincing portrayal of a subject in a film production * Technical analysis, a discipline for forecasting the future direction of prices through the study of past market data * Technical drawing, showing how something is constructed or functions (also known as drafting) ** Technical file, a set of technical drawings * Technical death metal, a subgenre of death metal that focuses on complex rhythms, riffs, and song structures * Technical foul, an infraction of the rules in basketball usually concerning unsportsmanlike non-contact behavior * Technical geography, one of the main branches of geography * Technical rehearsal for a performance, often simply referred to as a technical * Technical support, a range of servic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deviationism
In political ideology, a deviationist is a person who expresses a deviation: an abnormality or departure. In Stalinist ideology and practice, deviationism is an expressed belief which does not accord with official party doctrine for the time and area. Accusations of deviationism often led to purges. Forms of deviationism included revisionism, dogmatism, and bourgeois nationalism. In a 1953 speech, Mao Zedong referred to both left and right deviationists. Years later, in 1976, the Gang of Four would strike out against "rightist deviationism" in China. Trotskyism Leon Trotsky believed that Lenin's pre-1917 idea of the " dictatorship of the proletariat" needed to be re-worded to emphasize the importance of the proletariat's leadership in such an alliance, because the peasantry were dialectically less capable of leadership. In order to finish a socialist revolution, the revolution would have to be world-wide. This is in sharp contrast to Joseph Stalin's idea of "socialism in one cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joachim Yhombi Opango
Jacques Joachim Yhombi-Opango (12 January 1939 – 30 March 2020) was a Congolese politician. He was an army officer who became Congo-Brazzaville's first general and served as Head of State of the People's Republic of the Congo from 1977 to 1979. He was the President of the Rally for Democracy and Development (RDD), a political party, and served as Prime Minister from 1993 to 1996. He was in exile from 1997 to 2007. Early life Yhombi-Opango was born on 12 January 1939 in Fort Rousset (now Owando) in the Cuvette Region, in the north of the Congo.Rémy Bazenguissa-Ganga, ''Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique'' (1997), Karthala Editions, page 447 . He married Marie-Noëlle Ngollo, with whom he had several children. Career Under President Marien Ngouabi, Yhombi-Opango was Army Chief of Staff (with the rank of major); he was suspended from that position on 30 July 1970, but subsequently restored to it. He was a member of the ruling Congolese Labour Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1972 Republic Of The Congo Coup Attempt
On February 22, 1972 a radical-left faction of the ruling PCT attempted a coup against Congolese president Marien Ngouabi. The coup was led by Ange Diawara, along with other Politburo members including Claude-Ernest Ndalla and Jean-Baptiste Ikoko. Joachim Yhombi-Opango was instrumental in ending the coup. The musician Franklin Boukaka was killed in the coup, as was former Minister Élie Théophile Itsihou. After more than a year of evading capture, Diawara was captured in Kinshasa. He was extradited by the Zairian authorities in April 1973 and executed along with other conspirators shortly afterwards. The bodies of Diawara and Ikoko were publicly exhibited in the '' Stade de la Révolution''. References Coup Republic of the Congo The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply the Congo (the last ambiguously also referring to the neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo), is a country located on the western coast of Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Republic Of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land across an area of nearly , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by land area. The country is divided into 33 Province-level divisions of China, province-level divisions: 22 provinces of China, provinces, 5 autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, 4 direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is List of cities in China by population, its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. Considered one of six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude-Ernest Ndalla
Claude-Ernest Ndalla (born 25 May 1937Rémy Bazenguissa-Ganga, ''Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique'' (1997), Karthala Editions, page 440 .''Les Élites africaines'' (1970), page 207 .) is a politician. First coming to prominence as a radical youth leader in 1960s Congo-Brazzaville, he was one of the leading members of the (PCT) in the period immediately following its founding in 1969, but after a few years his career fell into a long decline due to factional struggles with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ange Diawara
Ange Diawara (1941 – April 1973) was a Republic of the Congo, Congolese politician and military figure.Rémy Bazenguissa-Ganga, ''Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique'' (1997), Karthala Editions, pages 145, 149, 193, and 429. He orchestrated the 1972 Republic of the Congo coup attempt, 1972 coup attempt and subsequently led the M 22 rebel movement until his capture and execution. The son of a chief, Diawara was born in Sibiti to a Congolese mother and a Congolese father with Malian origins. He received higher education in Cuba and the Soviet Union. When the National Revolutionary Council (CNR) was established in August 1968, Diawara became the Vice President of the Republic of the Congo, First Vice-president of the CNR Executive Board in charge of Defense and Security; he was subsequently a founding member of the Congolese Party of Labour (PCT) in December 1969 and became Secretary of the CNR Executive Board in charge of Defense and Security. He was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One-party State
A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system. In a one-party state, all opposition parties are either outlawed or enjoy limited and controlled participation in election An election is a formal group decision-making process whereby a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold Public administration, public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative d ...s. The term "''de facto'' one-party state" is sometimes used to describe a dominant-party system that, unlike a one-party state, allows (at least nominally) multiparty elections, but the existing practices or balance of political power effectively prevent the opposition from winning power. Membership in the ruling party tends to be relatively small compared to the population. Rather, they give out private goods to fellow elites to ensur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Moussa
Pierre Moussa (born 24 July 1941) is a Congolese politician who has been President of the Commission of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa since 2012. He served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Planning from 1979 to 1991; later, he was Minister of Spatial Planning from 1997 to 2002, Minister of Planning from 2002 to 2009, and Minister of State for the Economy and Planning from 2009 to 2012. Political career Moussa was born in Owando, located in northern Congo-Brazzaville."Moussa Pierre", ''Congo Brazzaville: Les Hommes de Pouvoir'' n°1, Africa Intelligence, 29 October 2002 . He was appointed as Secretary-General of Planning in 1978. Under President Denis Sassou Nguesso, Moussa was promoted to the government as Minister of Planning in 1979, and in the same year he joined the Central Committee of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT).Bazenguissa-Ganga, ''Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique'', page 427 . On the PCT Centr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
