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Concrete Filled Steel Tube
Concrete filled steel tube (CFST) is a construction technique used for columns, electricity transmitting towers, and, in the 21st century, skyscrapers and arch bridges (especially the ones with a very long span). CFST is a composite material similar to reinforced concrete, except that the steel reinforcement comes not in form of a rebar embedded into concrete, but as a steel tube outside of the concrete body. The all-way compression experienced by the concrete core inside the tube increases its bearing capacity and deformability. The latter, even when the high-strength concrete, makes the failure modes to be "quasi-plastic", greatly increasing survivability of the construction in case of an earthquake. The pipes used can be circular or rectangular in section and might contain further reinforcement inside, or the concrete can be sandwiched between two concentric tubes in a concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) construction. History The CFST technique is known for mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sections Of Concrete Filled Steel Tubes
Section, Sectioning, or Sectioned may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea * Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents ** Section sign (§), typographical characters * Section (bookbinding), a group of sheets, folded in the middle, bound into the binding together * The Section (band), a 1970s American instrumental rock band * The Outpost (1995 film), ''The Outpost'' (1995 film), also known as ''The Section'' * Section, an instrumental group within an orchestra#Organization, orchestra * "Section", a song by 2 Chainz from the 2016 album ''ColleGrove'' * Sectioning (Peep Show), "Sectioning" (''Peep Show''), a 2005 television episode * David "Section" Mason, a fictional character in ''Call of Duty: Black Ops II'' Organisations * Section (Alpine club) * Section (military unit) * Section (Scouting) Science, technology and mathematics Science * Section (archaeology), a vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centring
Centring, centre, centering"Centering 2, Centring 2" def. 1. Whitney, William Dwight, and Benjamin E. Smith. ''The Century dictionary and cyclopedia''. vol. 2. New York: Century Co., 1901. p. 885., or center is a type of falsework: the temporary structure upon which the stones of an arch or vault are laid during construction. Until the keystone is inserted an arch has no strength and needs the centring to keep the voussoirs in their correct relative positions. A simple centring without a truss is called a common centring. A cross piece connecting centring frames is called a lag or bolst.Ching, Frank (1995). ''A visual dictionary of architecture''. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 3. . Centring is normally made of wood timbers, a relatively straightforward structure in a simple arch or vault; but with more complex shapes involving double curvature, such as a dome or the bottle-shaped flue in a Norman-period kitchen, clay or sand bound by a weak lime mortar would be used. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign
The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC, U of I, Illinois, or University of Illinois) is a public land-grant research university in the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, Illinois, United States. Established in 1867, it is the founding campus and flagship institution of the University of Illinois System. With over 59,000 students, the University of Illinois is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the United States. The university contains 16 schools and colleges and offers more than 150 undergraduate and over 100 graduate programs of study. The university holds 651 buildings on and its annual operating budget in 2016 was over $2 billion. The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign also operates a research park home to innovation centers for over 90 start-up companies and multinational corporations. The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurocode 4
In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, ''Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures'' (abbreviated EN 1994 or, informally, EC 4) describes how to design of composite structures, using the limit state design philosophy. It was approved by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) on 4 November 2004. Eurocode 4 is divided in two parts EN 1994-1 and EN 1994-2. Eurocode 4 is intended to be used in conjunction with: * EN 1990: Eurocode - Basis of structural design; * EN 1991: Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures; *ENs, hENs, ETAGs and ETAs for construction products relevant for composite structures; * EN 1090: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures; * EN 13670: Execution of concrete structures; * EN 1992: Eurocode 2 - Design of concrete structures; * EN 1993: Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures; * EN 1997: Eurocode 7 - Geotechnical design; * EN 1998: Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BS 5400
BS 5400 was a British Standard code of practice for the design and construction of steel, concrete and composite bridges. It was applicable to highway, railway and pedestrian bridges. It has now been replaced by the Structural Eurocodes for the design of steel and concrete structures. The standard specifies the requirements and the code of practiceBS 5400-3:2000 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Code of practice for design of steel bridges.BS 5400-4:1990 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Code of practice for design of concrete bridges. on design of steel, concrete ( reinforced, prestressed or composite) and composite bridges that use steel sections (rolled or fabricated, cased or uncased)BS 5400-5:2005 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Code of practice for design of composite bridges. as well as the materials and workmanship in bridge erection. The standard also includes the specification and calculation of standard bridge loads, the application of the limit state p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AISC
The American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) is a not-for-profit technical institute and trade association for the use of structural steel in the construction industry of the United States. AISC publishes the Steel Construction Manual, an authoritative volume on steel building structure design that is referenced in all U.S. building codes. The organization works with government agencies, policymakers, and other stakeholders to promote policies and regulations that support the industry's growth and development. History Foundation In 1911, two civil engineering organizations, the Bridge Builders Society and the Structural Steel Society, began cooperating to form broad codes of ethics and practices within the profession. In 1917, during World War I, the two groups merged into the War Service Committee which helped procure fabricated structural steel and coordinate industry efforts. However, by 1919 the Committee was disbanded but some steel fabricators insisted on creating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Architectural Institute Of Japan
The Architectural Institute of Japan, or AIJ, is a Japanese professional body for architects, building engineers, and researchers in architecture. The institute was founded in 1886 as an institute for architects. It was renamed the Architectural Institute in 1905, and given its present name in 1947. Today the institute has about 38,000 members. Its mission is to advance the science and technology of architecture through mutual collaboration by its members. It sponsors roughly 600 sub-committees and working groups under 16 standing research committees. The institute's central office and library is in Tokyo Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan, capital and List of cities in Japan, most populous city in Japan. With a population of over 14 million in the city proper in 2023, it is List of largest cities, one of the most ... with nine regional chapters (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Tokai, Hokuriku, Kinki, Chugoku, Shikoku and Kyushu). The institute publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USSR
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poisson's Ratio
In materials science and solid mechanics, Poisson's ratio (symbol: ( nu)) is a measure of the Poisson effect, the deformation (expansion or contraction) of a material in directions perpendicular to the specific direction of loading. The value of Poisson's ratio is the negative of the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. For small values of these changes, is the amount of transversal elongation divided by the amount of axial compression. Most materials have Poisson's ratio values ranging between 0.0 and 0.5. For soft materials, such as rubber, where the bulk modulus is much higher than the shear modulus, Poisson's ratio is near 0.5. For open-cell polymer foams, Poisson's ratio is near zero, since the cells tend to collapse in compression. Many typical solids have Poisson's ratios in the range of 0.2 to 0.3. The ratio is named after the French mathematician and physicist Siméon Poisson. Origin Poisson's ratio is a measure of the Poisson effect, the phenomenon in whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cable Crane
Blondins (also known as cable crane, funicular crane, cableway) are a type of material ropeway; they were named after the famous tightrope walker Charles Blondin. Description Blondins are a specialized type of material ropeway that incorporates a mechanism to raise and lower loads vertically from the suspended ropeway. This allowed them to cross wide, deep spaces such as quarries and move material from the floor up to the level of the ropeway and across to the edge of the quarry. They are powered either by a steam or electrical hoist. History Blondins were developed by John Fyfe, a Scottish quarry engineer. He installed the first example in 1872 at Kemnay granite quarry at Garioch. In 1896, John M. Henderson and Co. introduced the first commercially available Blondin system, which used steel ropes instead of the earlier iron ropes. The first installation at a Welsh slate quarry was a pair of blondins at Pen-yr-Orsedd quarry in 1899. These were powered by stationary ste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formwork
Formwork is Molding (process), molds into which concrete or similar materials are either precast concrete, precast or cast-in-place concrete, cast-in-place. In the context of concrete construction, the falsework supports the shuttering molds. In specialty applications formwork may be permanently incorporated into the final structure, adding insulation or helping reinforce the finished structure. Types Formwork may be made of wood, metal, plastic, or composite materials: #''Traditional timber formwork''. The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-resistant particleboard. It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood facing has a relatively short lifespan. It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for procuring reusable formwork. It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use, complicated sections may use it. #''Engineered Formwork System''. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
