In the

Eurocode The Eurocodes are the ten European standards (EN; harmonised technical rules) specifying how structural design should be conducted within the European Union (EU). These were developed by the European Committee for Standardization upon the reques ...

series of European standards (EN) related to

construction Construction are processes involved in delivering buildings, infrastructure, industrial facilities, and associated activities through to the end of their life. It typically starts with planning, financing, and design that continues until the a ...

, ''Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures'' (abbreviated EN 1994 or, informally, EC 4) describes how to design of

composite Composite or compositing may refer to: Materials * Composite material, a material that is made from several different substances ** Metal matrix composite, composed of metal and other parts ** Cermet, a composite of ceramic and metallic material ...

structure A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as ...

s, using the

limit state design Limit State Design (LSD), also known as Load And Resistance Factor Design (LRFD), refers to a design method used in structural engineering. A limit state is a condition of a structure beyond which it no longer fulfills the relevant design criteri ...

philosophy. It was approved by the

European Committee for Standardization The European Committee for Standardization (CEN, ) is a public standards organization whose mission is to foster the economy of the European Single Market and the wider European continent in global trading, the welfare of European citizens an ...

(CEN) on 4 November 2004. Eurocode 4 is divided in two parts EN 1994-1 and EN 1994-2. Eurocode 4 is intended to be used in conjunction with: *

EN 1990 EN or En or en may refer to: Businesses * Bouygues (stock symbol EN) * Island Rail Corridor, formerly known as the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway (reporting mark EN) * Euronews, a news television and internet channel Language and writing * N, 14t ...

: Eurocode - Basis of structural design; * EN 1991: Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures; *ENs, hENs, ETAGs and ETAs for construction products relevant for composite structures; * EN 1090: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures; * EN 13670: Execution of concrete structures; *

EN 1992 In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, '' Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures'' (abbreviated EN 1992 or, informally, EC 2) specifies technical rules for the design of concrete, reinforced concrete and p ...

: Eurocode 2 - Design of concrete structures; *

EN 1993 EN or En or en may refer to: Businesses * Bouygues (stock symbol EN) * Island Rail Corridor, formerly known as the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway (reporting mark EN) * Euronews, a news television and internet channel Language and writing * N, 14 ...

: Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures; * EN 1997: Eurocode 7 - Geotechnical design; * EN 1998: Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance, when composite structures are built in seismic regions.

Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings

EN 1994-1-1 gives a general basis for the design of composite structures together with specific rules for

buildings A building or edifice is an enclosed structure with a roof, walls and windows, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout ...

* General * Basis of design * Materials * Durability * Structural analysis * Ultimate limit states * Serviceability limit states * Constructional details in buildings structures * Composite slab with steel grids for the buildings

Part 1-2: Structural fire design

EN 1994-1-2 deals with the design of composite steel and concrete structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1994-1-1 and EN 1991-1-2. This part only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design and deals only with passive methods of fire protection. Active methods are not covered.

Part 2: General rules and rules for bridges

EN 1994-2 gives design rules for steel-concrete composite

bridge A bridge is a structure built to Span (engineering), span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or railway) without blocking the path underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, whi ...

s or members of bridges, additional to the general rules in EN 1994-1-1. Cable stayed bridges are not fully covered by this part.

* General * Basis of design * Materials * Durability * Structural analysis * Ultimate limit states * Serviceability limit states * Decks with precast

concrete Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bound together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time. It is the second-most-used substance (after water), the most–widely used building material, and the most-manufactur ...

slabs * Composite plates in

External links

The EN Eurocodes

EN 1994: Design of composite steel and concrete structures

EN 1994 - Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - "Eurocodes: Background and applications" workshop
{{Use dmy dates, date=December 2020 #01994 Reinforced concrete 4 Structural steel

Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings

Contents

Part 1-2: Structural fire design

Part 2: General rules and rules for bridges

Contents

External links