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Close-mid Central Unrounded Vowel
The close-mid central unrounded vowel, or high-mid central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation ... that represents this sound is . This is a mirrored letter e and should not be confused with the schwa , which is a turned e. It was added to the IPA in 1993; before that, this vowel was transcribed (Latin small letter e with diaeresis, not the Cyrillic small letter yo (ё). Certain older sourcesFor example . transcribe this vowel . The letter may be used with a lowering diacritic , to denote the mid central unrounded vowel. Conversely, , the symbol for the mid central vowel may be used with a raising diacritic to denote the close-mid central ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spectrogram Of Close-mid Central Unrounded Vowel (IPA ɘ)
A spectrogram is a visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time. When applied to an audio signal, spectrograms are sometimes called sonographs, voiceprints, or voicegrams. When the data are represented in a 3D plot they may be called ''waterfall displays''. Spectrograms are used extensively in the fields of music, linguistics, sonar, radar, speech processing, seismology, ornithology, and others. Spectrograms of audio can be used to identify spoken words phonetically, and to analyse the various calls of animals. A spectrogram can be generated by an optical spectrometer, a bank of band-pass filters, by Fourier transform or by a wavelet transform (in which case it is also known as a scaleogram or scalogram). A spectrogram is usually depicted as a heat map, i.e., as an image with the intensity shown by varying the colour or brightness. Format A common format is a graph with two geometric dimensions: one axis represents time, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand English
New Zealand English (NZE) is the variant of the English language spoken and written by most English-speaking New Zealanders. Its language code in ISO and Internet standards is en-NZ. It is the first language of the majority of the population. The English language was established in New Zealand by colonists during the 19th century. It is one of "the newest native-speaker variet esof the English language in existence, a variety which has developed and become distinctive only in the last 150 years". The variety of English that had the biggest influence on the development of New Zealand English was Australian English, itself derived from Southeastern England English, with considerable influence from Scottish and Hiberno-English, and with lesser influences the British prestige accent Received Pronunciation (RP) and American English. An important source of vocabulary is the Māori language of the indigenous people of New Zealand, whose contribution distinguishes New Zealand Eng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalagan Language
Kalagan is an Austronesian dialect cluster of the Davao Region of Mindanao in the Philippines. It is also spoken in a few parts of Caraga, still in Mindanao. Distribution ''Ethnologue'' lists the following locations for Kalagan. *Davao del Sur Province: southwest of Davao City, along inland coasts * Compostela Valley and Davao del Norte provinces: including Samal and associated islands, and inland on eastern shores of Davao Gulf *Davao Oriental Province highlands * ''Kalagan dialects'' are: *Isamal dialect: spoken in Samal, Davao del Norte *Western Kalagan: spoken in Davao Oriental Province *Lupon: spoken in Davao del Sur Province, along the gulf down to Hagonoy and Guihing near Digos *Eastern Kalagan: spoken mainly in Davao Oriental Province Other dialects include the Kagan Kalagan which is spoken near Digos in Davao del Sur Province where there are 6,000 speakers, and the Tagakaulo which is spoken mainly in Davao del Sur Province (western shore of Davao Gulf, from Digos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaingang Language
The Kaingang language (also spelled Kaingáng) is a Southern Jê languages, Southern Jê language spoken by the Kaingang people of southern Brazil. The Kaingang nation has about 30,000 people, and about 60–65% speak the language. Most also speak Brazilian Portuguese, Portuguese. Overview The Kaingang language is a member of the Jê languages, Jê family, the largest language family in the Macro-Jê languages, Macro-Jê stock. The Kaingang territory occupies the modern states of São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Paraná (state), Paraná, Santa Catarina (state), Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (and, until the beginning of the 20th century, Misiones Province, Misiones, Argentina). Today they live in around 30 indigenous lands (similar to Native American reservations), especially in Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná. In the 1960s, due to a missionary interest conducted by the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL), the language was studied by Ursula Wiesemann. Names The Kaingang and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jebero Language
Jebero (Chebero, Xebero, Xihuila) is a moribund Amazonian language spoken by the Jebero people of Jeberos, Peru. It is spoken by only a small number of older adults and belongs to the Cahuapanan family together with Chayahuita. Phonology Vowels * varies between close front unrounded , near-close front unrounded and close-mid front unrounded . * varies between near-close near-front rounded and close-mid back weakly rounded , with the latter realization being the most usual. * varies between mid near-front unrounded and close-mid central unrounded . ** is shorter than the other vowels, particularly between voiceless consonants. ** The sequence is sometimes realized as a syllabic . * varies between open central unrounded and near-open retracted front . The vowel chart in puts in the near-open central position . ** In closed syllables, is realized as open-mid central unrounded . Consonants * are bilabial, whereas is labialized velar. * is an affricate, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Phonology
Irish phonology varies from Irish language#Dialects, dialect to dialect; there is no standard language, standard pronunciation of Irish language, Irish. Therefore, this article focuses on phenomena shared by most or all dialects, and on the major differences among the dialects. Detailed discussion of the dialects can be found in the specific articles: Ulster Irish, Connacht Irish, and Munster Irish. Irish phonology has been studied as a discipline since the late 19th century, with numerous researchers publishing descriptive linguistics, descriptive accounts of dialects from all regions where the language is spoken. More recently, Irish phonology has been a focus of theoretical linguists. One of the most important aspects of Irish phonology is that almost all consonants (except ) come in pairs, a "broad" and a "slender" pronunciation. Broad consonants are either velarized (◌ˠ; back of tongue is pulled back and slightly up in the direction of the soft palate during articulati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatal Consonant
Palatals are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex. Characteristics The most common type of palatal consonant is the extremely common approximant , which ranks among the ten most common sounds in the world's languages. The nasal is also common, occurring in around 35 percent of the world's languages, in most of which its equivalent obstruent is not the stop , but the affricate . Only a few languages in northern Eurasia, the Americas and central Africa contrast palatal stops with postalveolar affricates—as in Hungarian, Czech, Latvian, Macedonian, Slovak, Turkish and Albanian. Consonants with other primary articulations may be palatalized, that is, accompanied by the raising of the tongue surface towards the hard palate. For example, English (spelled ''sh'') has such a palatal componen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Orthography
Irish orthography is the set of conventions used to write Irish. A spelling reform in the mid-20th century led to , the modern standard written form used by the Government of Ireland, which regulates both spelling and grammar. The reform removed inter-dialectal silent letters, simplified some letter sequences, and modernised archaic spellings to reflect modern pronunciation, but it also removed letters pronounced in some dialects but not in others. Irish spelling represents all Irish dialects to a high degree despite their considerable phonological variation, e.g. ("tree") is read in Mayo and Ulster, in Galway, or in Munster. Some words may have dialectal pronunciations not reflected by their standard spelling, and they sometimes have distinct dialectal spellings to reflect this. Alphabet Latin script has been the writing system used to write Irish since the 5th century, when it replaced Ogham, which was used to write Primitive Irish and Old Irish. Prior to the mid- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munster Irish
Munster Irish (, ) is the dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Munster. Gaeltacht regions in Munster are found in the Gaeltachtaí of the Dingle Peninsula in west County Kerry, in the Iveragh Peninsula in south Kerry, in Cape Clear Island off the coast of west County Cork, in Muskerry West; Cúil Aodha, Ballingeary, Ballyvourney, Kilnamartyra, and Renaree of central County Cork; and in an Rinn and an Sean Phobal in Gaeltacht na nDéise in west County Waterford. History The north and west of Dingle Peninsula () are today the only place in Munster where Irish has survived as the daily spoken language of most of the community although the language is spoken on a daily basis by a minority in other official Gaeltachtaí in Munster. Historically, the Irish language was spoken throughout Munster and Munster Irish had some influence on those parts of Connacht and Leinster bordering it such as Kilkenny, Wexford and south Galway and the Aran Islands. Munst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Language
Irish (Standard Irish: ), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic ( ), is a Celtic language of the Indo-European language family. It is a member of the Goidelic languages of the Insular Celtic sub branch of the family and is indigenous language, indigenous to the island of Ireland. It was the majority of the population's first language until the 19th century, when English (language), English gradually became dominant, particularly in the last decades of the century, in what is sometimes characterised as a result of linguistic imperialism. Today, Irish is still commonly spoken as a first language in Ireland's Gaeltacht regions, in which 2% of Ireland's population lived in 2022. The total number of people (aged 3 and over) in Ireland who declared they could speak Irish in April 2022 was 1,873,997, representing 40% of respondents, but of these, 472,887 said they never spoke it and a further 551,993 said they only spoke it within the education system. Linguistic analyses o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Phonology
This article is about the phonology and phonetics of the Estonian language. Vowels There are 9 vowels and 36 diphthongs, 28 of which are native to Estonian. All nine vowels can appear as the first component of a diphthong, but only occur as the second component. A vowel characteristic of Estonian is the unrounded back vowel , which may be close-mid back, close back, or close-mid central. * Vowels can occur in both initial and non-initial syllables. Vowels generally occur in initial syllables; they can occur in non-initial syllables only in compound words, exclamations, proper names and unnaturalized loanwords. * The front vowels are phonetically near-front . * Before and after , the back vowels can be fronted to . * The unrounded vowel transcribed can be realized as close back , close-mid central or close-mid back , depending on the speaker. * The mid vowels are phonetically close-mid . * Word-final is often realized as mid . * The open vowels are phonetically ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Alphabet
Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also * * Estonia (other) * Languages of Estonia * List of Estonians This is a list of notable people from Estonia, or of Estonian ancestry. Architects * Andres Alver (born 1953) * Dmitri Bruns (1929–2020) * Karl Burman (1882–1965) * Eugen Habermann (1884–1944) * Georg Hellat (1870–1943) * Otto Pius Hip ... {{Disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
