Kalagan is an Austronesian

dialect cluster A dialect is a variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standardized varieties as well as vernacular, unwritten, or non-standardized varieties, such as those used in developing countries or iso ...

of the

Davao Region Davao Region, formerly called Southern Mindanao (; ), is an Regions of the Philippines, administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region XI. Situated at the southeastern portion of Mindanao, enclosing Davao Gulf, it comprises fiv ...

Mindanao Mindanao ( ) is the List of islands of the Philippines, second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and List of islands by population, seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the ...

in the

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

. It is also spoken in a few parts of

Caraga Caraga, officially the Caraga Administrative Region (or simply known as Caraga region) and designated as Region XIII, is an Regions of the Philippines, administrative region in the Philippines occupying the northeastern section of Mindanao. Th ...

, still in Mindanao.

Distribution

Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It w ...

'' lists the following locations for Kalagan. *

Davao del Sur Davao del Sur (; ), officially the Province of Davao del Sur (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital is Digos. Davao City is the largest city in terms of area an ...

Province: southwest of

Davao City Davao City, officially the City of Davao, is a City of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Davao Region, Philippines. The city has a total land area of , making it the List of Philippine cities and municipalities ...

, along inland coasts * Compostela Valley and

Davao del Norte Davao del Norte (; ), officially the Province of Davao del Norte (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital and largest city is Tagum. The province also includes Sam ...

provinces: including Samal and associated islands, and inland on eastern shores of Davao Gulf *

Davao Oriental Davao Oriental (; ), officially the Province of Davao Oriental (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital is the city of Mati, Davao Oriental, Mati which is the most ...

Province highlands * ''Kalagan dialects'' are: *Isamal dialect: spoken in

Samal, Davao del Norte Samal, officially the Island Garden City of Samal (IGaCOS; ; ) is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city in the Provinces of the Philippines, province of Davao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it ...

*Western Kalagan: spoken in

Province *Lupon: spoken in

Province, along the gulf down to Hagonoy and Guihing near Digos *Eastern Kalagan: spoken mainly in

Province Other dialects include the Kagan Kalagan which is spoken near Digos in

Province where there are 6,000 speakers, and the Tagakaulo which is spoken mainly in

Province (western shore of Davao Gulf, from Digos south to Bugis and inland), Sarangani Province (Malungon Municipality), and also in

Sultan Kudarat Sultan Kudarat, officially the Province of Sultan Kudarat (; Maguindanao language, Maguindanaon: ''Dairat nu Sultan Kudarat'', Jawi Alphabet, Jawi: دايرت نو سولتان كودرت; ; Ilocano language, Ilocano: ''Probinsia ti Sultan Ku ...

( Columbio municipality) and

South Cotabato South Cotabato, officially the Province of South Cotabato, is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Soccsksargen Regions of the Philippines, region in Mindanao. Its capital is Koronadal (also the regional cen ...

( Tampakan) provinces.

Phonology

Consonants

* /d/ can have an allophone of �in intervocalic positions.

Vowels

* /ɨ/ can be heard as �in word-final stressed syllables when preceding /ʔ/. * /i, a/ can be heard as �, ʌin closed syllables. * /ɛ/ is heard as �when after /m/. * /u/ is heard as in word-final position.

References

{{Languages of the Philippines Mansakan languages Languages of Davao del Norte Languages of Davao del Sur Languages of Davao Occidental Languages of Davao Oriental Languages of Davao de Oro