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Cladia
''Cladia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. ''Cladia'' species have a crustose or (scaly) primary thallus and a fruticose, secondary thallus, often referred to as pseudopodetium. The type species of the genus, ''Cladia aggregata'', is widely distributed, occurring in South America, South Africa, Australasia and South-East Asia to southern Japan and India. Most of the other species are found in the Southern Hemisphere. Taxonomy ''Cladia'' was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1870 with ''Cladia aggregata'' as the type species. Rex Filson created a separate family, the Cladiaceae, to contain the genus, but this is no longer used and the genus is classified in the family Cladoniaceae. An updated phylogeny of the Cladoniaceae was published in 2018. Molecular phylogenetic evidence showed that the genera ''Heterodea'' and ''Ramalinora'' were nested within ''Cladina'', so they became synonyms in 2012. Because the name ''Heterodea' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladia Aggregata
''Cladia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. ''Cladia'' species have a crustose lichen, crustose or (scaly) primary thallus and a fruticose lichen, fruticose, secondary thallus, often referred to as pseudopodetium. The type species of the genus, ''Cladia aggregata'', is widely distributed, occurring in South America, South Africa, Australasia and South-East Asia to southern Japan and India. Most of the other species are found in the Southern Hemisphere. Taxonomy ''Cladia'' was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander (botanist), William Nylander in 1870 with ''Cladia aggregata'' as the type species. Rex Bertram Filson, Rex Filson created a separate family, the Cladiaceae, to contain the genus, but this is no longer used and the genus is classified in the family Cladoniaceae. An updated phylogeny of the Cladoniaceae was published in 2018. Molecular phylogenetic evidence showed that the genera ''Heterodea'' an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladoniaceae
The Cladoniaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales, comprising about 560 species distributed amongst 18 genera. This family is one of the largest among lichen-forming fungi and is globally distributed, from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests, favouring humid environments while being intolerant of arid conditions. Molecular phylogenetics has significantly advanced the understanding of their complex taxonomic history, revealing intricate evolutionary relationships and leading to a refined classification. Notable members include reindeer moss and cup lichens of the genus '' Cladonia'', which consist of about 500 species and forms a significant part of the diet for large mammals in taiga and tundra ecosystems. A distinctive feature of many Cladoniaceae species is their dimorphic thallus: a scaly or crust-like form and a (shrub-like) secondary form known as a podetium or . These lichens typically grow on soil, decaying wood, or tree trunks, with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rexiella
''Rexiella'' is a lichen genus in the family Cladoniaceae. The genus, originally circumscribed with the name ''Rexia'' by authors Soili Stenroos, Raquel Pino-Bodas, and Teuvo Ahti in 2018, was created to contain the species ''Cladonia sullivanii'', first formally described in 1882 by Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis. After publication of the new genus, it was discovered that the name was illegitimate, because an earlier homonym had been published; the generic name '' Rexia'' had already been created in 2006 to contain the cyanobacterial species ''Rexia erecta''. The new name ''Rexiella'' was therefore proposed in 2019. Both the original name ''Rexia'' and the replacement name ''Rexiella'' honour the Australian lichenologist Rex Filson, who published monographs on the genera '' Cladia'' and '' Heterodea''. ''Rexiella'' differs from ''Cladia'' by the presence of thick pseudopodetia with black to white, tightly packed, and loosely woven medulla. The genus produces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rex Bertram Filson
Rex Bertram Filson (born 1930) is an Australian lichenologist who made major contributions to knowledge of lichens in Australia and Antarctica. Early in his career Filson worked as a carpenter in various places around Australia, and from 1961 to 1963 was employed as a carpenter by the Australian Antarctic Division. This was the start of his career as a lichenologist. In 1964, he was employed by the Royal Botanic Gardens. Employment with the Victorian Department of Crown Lands and Survey followed (1964–1988), first as a seed-collector and finally as senior botanist. During this period, he acquired a Master of Science (1979) and a Doctor of Science (1988) from Monash University. In 1970, Filson was awarded a Churchill Fellowship to compare northern hemisphere with Australian lichens. The National Herbarium of Victoria holds the majority of Filson's collections, over 15,000 specimens, with duplicates distributed around Australian Herbaria including AD, BRI, CANB, HO, NSW and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterodea
''Heterodea'' is a genus of lichens in the family Cladoniaceae. It has two species. The genus was described in 1868 by William Nylander. This genus was combined with ''Cladia ''Cladia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. ''Cladia'' species have a crustose or (scaly) primary thallus and a fruticose, secondary thallus, often referred to as pseudopodetium. The type species of the genus, ''Cla ...'' for some years. However, the name ''Heterodea'' was resurrected in 2018. Species References {{Taxonbar, from=Q5747040 Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist) Taxa described in 1868 Cladoniaceae Lichen genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conserved Name
A conserved name or ''nomen conservandum'' (plural ''nomina conservanda'', abbreviated as ''nom. cons.'') is a scientific name that has specific nomenclatural protection. That is, the name is retained, even though it violates one or more rules which would otherwise prevent it from being legitimate. ''Nomen conservandum'' is a Latin term, meaning "a name to be conserved". The terms are often used interchangeably, such as by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, ''International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants'' (ICN), while the ''International Code of Zoological Nomenclature'' favours the term "''conserved name''". The process for conserving botanical names is different from that for zoological names. Under the botanical code, names may also be "suppressed", ''nomen rejiciendum'' (plural ''nomina rejicienda'' or ''nomina utique rejicienda'', abbreviated as ''nom. rej.''), or rejected in favour of a particular conserved name, and combi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenoconium Echinosporum
''Lichenoconium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi belonging to the family Lichenoconiaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Franz Petrak and Hans Sydow in 1927, with '' Lichenoconium lichenicola'' assigned as the type species. Species The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. , Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ... accepts 16 species in ''Lichenoconium'': * '' Lichenoconium aeruginosum'' * '' Lichenoconium cargillianum'' * '' Lichenoconium christiansenii'' * '' Lichenoconium echinosporum'' * '' Lichenoconium edgewoodense'' * '' Lichenoconium erodens'' * '' Lichenoconium follmannii'' * '' Lichenoconium hawksworthii'' * '' Lichenoconium laevisporum'' * '' Lichenoconium lecanorae'' * '' Lichenoconium lichenicola'' * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinothecium Cladoniae
''Echinothecium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Capnodiaceae The Capnodiaceae are a family (biology), family of fungus, fungi in the Ascomycota, class Dothideomycetes. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, and are especially prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, as well as temperate .... References Capnodiaceae Dothideomycetes genera Taxa named by Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf Taxa described in 1898 {{Capnodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenicolous Fungus
A lichenicolous fungus is a member of a specialised group of fungi that live exclusively on lichens as their host organisms. These fungi, comprising over 2,000 known species across 280 genera, exhibit a wide range of ecological strategies, including parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. They can be found in diverse environments worldwide, from tropical to polar regions, and play important roles in lichen ecology and biodiversity. Lichenicolous fungi are classified into several taxonomic groups, with the majority belonging to the Ascomycota and a smaller portion to the Basidiomycota. Their interactions with host lichens range from mild parasitism to severe pathogenicity, sometimes causing significant damage to lichen communities. While the study of lichenicolous fungi dates back to the mid-18th century, recent decades have seen significant advancements through modern research methods, including molecular techniques, metagenomics, and sophisticated imaging. These fungi show vary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnidia
A pycnidium (plural pycnidia) is an asexual fruiting body produced by mitosporic fungi, for instance in the order Sphaeropsidales ( Deuteromycota, Coelomycetes) or order Pleosporales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes). It is often spherical or inversely pearshaped ( obpyriform) and its internal cavity is lined with conidiophore A conidium ( ; : conidia), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (: chlamydoconidia), is an Asexual reproduction, asexual, non-motility, motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word f ...s. When ripe, an opening generally appears at the top, through which the pycnidiospores escape. References {{reflist Further reading *Kulik, Martin M. "Symptomless infection, persistence, and production of pycnidia in host and non-host plants by Phomopsis batatae, Phomopsis phaseoli, and Phomopsis sojae, and the taxonomic implications." Mycologia(1984): 274–291. *Calpouzos, L., and D. B. Lapis. "Effects of l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascus
An ascus (; : asci) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. '' Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. '' Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some '' Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
