Cidaroida

picture info	Cidaroida Cidaroida is an order of primitive sea urchins, the only living order of the subclass Perischoechinoidea. All other orders of this subclass, which were even more primitive than the living forms, became extinct during the Mesozoic. Description Their primary spines are much more widely separated than in other sea urchins, and they have no buccal slits. Other primitive features include relatively simple plates in the test, and the ambulacral plates continuing as a series across the membrane that surrounds the mouth. Families According to World Register of Marine Species: * family Anisocidaridae Vadet, 1999 † * super-family Cidaridea Gray, 1825 family Cidaridae Gray, 1825 family Ctenocidaridae Mortensen, 1928a ** family Paurocidaridae Vadet, 1999a † * family Diplocidaridae Gregory, 1900 † * family Heterocidaridae Mortensen, 1934 † * super-family Histocidaroidea Lambert, 1900 family Histocidaridae Lambert, 1900 family Psychocidaridae Ikeda, 1936 * family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Sea Urchin Sea urchins () are spiny, globular echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species of sea urchin live on the seabed of every ocean and inhabit every depth zone from the intertidal seashore down to . The spherical, hard shells (tests) of sea urchins are round and spiny, ranging in diameter from . Sea urchins move slowly, crawling with tube feet, and also propel themselves with their spines. Although algae are the primary diet, sea urchins also eat slow-moving ( sessile) animals. Predators that eat sea urchins include a wide variety of fish, starfish, crabs, marine mammals. Sea urchins are also used as food especially in Japan. Adult sea urchins have fivefold symmetry, but their pluteus larvae feature bilateral (mirror) symmetry, indicating that the sea urchin belongs to the Bilateria group of animal phyla, which also comprises the chordates and the arthropods, the annelids and the molluscs, and are found in every ocean and in every climate, from the tropics to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Psychocidaridae Psychocidaridae is a family of sea urchins in the order Cidaroida. The genus '' Psychocidaris'' is extant while the other genera are only known from fossils. The family has been in existence since the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) and the range includes Europe, Ukraine, North America, North Africa and the West Pacific.Family Psychocidaridae Ikeda, 1936 The Echinoid Directory. Retrieved 2011-08-28. Characteristics All Cidaroids are regular and have the test composed of twenty columns of plates with two ambulacral columns alternating with two interambulacral columns. The pedicellariae are exclusively globiferous or tridentate. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ctenocidaridae Ctenocidaridae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Cidaroida. Genera: * '' Aporocidaris'' Agassiz & Clark, 1907 * '' Ctenocidaris'' Mortensen, 1910 * '' Homalocidaris'' Mortensen, 1928 * ''Notocidaris ''Notocidaris'' is a genus of echinoderms An echinoderm () is any member of the phylum Echinodermata (). The adults are recognisable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dolla ...'' Mortensen, 1909 * '' Rhynchocidaris'' Mortensen, 1909 References Cidaroida Echinoderm families {{echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Perischoechinoidea Perischoechinoidea is a subclass of primitive sea urchins that were abundant in the Palaeozoic seas. However, the great majority of species died out during the Mesozoic, as the more advanced euechinoid sea urchins became common. Today, only a single order, the Cidaroida, survives. Most fossil forms had multiple columns of ambulacral plates, rather than the two rows found in all living species of sea urchin. They also lacked a perignathic girdle around the mouth. Taxonomy The group is probably a paraphyletic assemblage of stem forms, united only by their lack of more advanced features, rather than a true taxonomic clade. Subclass Perischoechinoidea * Order Cidaroida Cidaroida is an order of primitive sea urchins, the only living order of the subclass Perischoechinoidea. All other orders of this subclass, which were even more primitive than the living forms, became extinct during the Mesozoic. Description T ... * Order Bothriocidaroida † * Order Echinocystitoida † * O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cidaridae Cidaridae is a family of sea urchins in the order Cidaroida. Description and characteristics Cidarid sea urchins are characterized by their stout skeleton : the test is thick and hard, with massive perforated tubercles (never crenulated) surrounded by a crown of secondary tubercles, but no primary tubercles in the interambulacra regions. These tubercles hold massive spines, thick, strong and often very long, and showing sometimes odd shapes (thorny spines, fans, clubs, Christmas trees...). The order Cidaroida is the basalmost of current sea urchins, and most of the species included in this family are abyssal, even if a handful of species remain quite common in tropical shallow waters, like '' Eucidaris'' or '' Phyllacanthus''. Genera According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following genera are included in this family * Subfamily '' Cidarinae'' (Mortensen, 1928a) Genus '' Calocidaris'' (H.L. Clark, 1907) Genus '' Centrocidaris'' (A. Agassiz, 1904 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tylocidaris Ohshimai ''Tylocidaris'' is an extinct genus of echinoids that lived from the Early Cretaceous to the Eocene. Its remains have been found in Europe and North America. Sources * ''Fossils'' (Smithsonian Handbooks) by David Ward (Page 177) External links''Tylocidaris''in the Paleobiology Database The Paleobiology Database is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals, plants, and microorganisms. History The Paleobiology Database (PBDB) originated in the NCEAS-funded Phanerozoic Marine Paleo ... Psychocidaridae Prehistoric echinoid genera Cidaroida genera Cretaceous echinoderms Paleocene echinoderms Eocene animals Prehistoric animals of Europe Prehistoric echinoderms of North America Early Cretaceous genus first appearances Eocene genus extinctions {{paleo-echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Histocidaris Variabilis ''Histocidaris'' is a genus of sea urchins in the family Histocidaridae. Some species are known from the fossil record. Species * ''Histocidaris acutispina'' Mortensen, 1927 * ''Histocidaris australiae'' Mortensen, 1928 * '' Histocidaris carinata'' Mortensen, 1928 * '' Histocidaris cobosi'' (A. Agassiz, 1898) * ''Histocidaris crassispina'' Mortensen, 1928 * ''Histocidaris denticulata'' Koehler, 1927 * ''Histocidaris elegans'' (A. Agassiz, 1879) * ''Histocidaris formosa'' Mortensen, 1928 * ''Histocidaris geneffensis'' Lambert, 1932 † * ''Histocidaris longicollis'' Hoggett & Rowe, 1986 * ''Histocidaris magnifica'' Mortensen, 1928 * ''Histocidaris mckayi'' Fell, 1954 † * ''Histocidaris misakiensis'' (Yoshiwara, 1898) * ''Histocidaris nuttingi'' Mortensen, 1926 * ''Histocidaris oranensis'' Lambert, 1931 † * ''Histocidaris purpurata'' (Thomson, 1872) * ''Histocidaris recurvata'' Mortensen, 1928 * ''Histocidaris sharreri ''Histocidaris'' is a genus of sea urchins in the fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cidaridae - Radiola Cidaridae is a family of sea urchins in the order Cidaroida. Description and characteristics Cidarid sea urchins are characterized by their stout skeleton : the test is thick and hard, with massive perforated tubercles (never crenulated) surrounded by a crown of secondary tubercles, but no primary tubercles in the interambulacra regions. These tubercles hold massive spines, thick, strong and often very long, and showing sometimes odd shapes (thorny spines, fans, clubs, Christmas trees...). The order Cidaroida is the basalmost of current sea urchins, and most of the species included in this family are abyssal, even if a handful of species remain quite common in tropical shallow waters, like '' Eucidaris'' or '' Phyllacanthus''. Genera According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following genera are included in this family * Subfamily '' Cidarinae'' (Mortensen, 1928a) Genus '' Calocidaris'' (H.L. Clark, 1907) Genus ''Centrocidaris'' (A. Agassiz, 1904) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Histocidaridae Histocidaridae is a family of sea urchin Sea urchins () are spiny, globular echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species of sea urchin live on the seabed of every ocean and inhabit every depth zone from the intertidal seashore down to . The spherical, hard shells (tests) ...s. References * Thuy B, Gale AS, Kroh A, Kucera M, Numberger-Thuy LD, Reich M, et al. (2012) Ancient Origin of the Modern Deep-Sea Fauna. PLoS ONE 7(10): e46913, * Kroh, A. & Smith, A.B. (2010): The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 8/2, pages 147-212 Monogeneric deuterostome families Prehistoric echinoderm families Extant Early Cretaceous first appearances {{echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Notocidaris ''Notocidaris'' is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the family Ctenocidaridae. The species of this genus are found in the coasts of Antarctica and Southern Australia. Species: ''Notocidaris bakeri'' ''Notocidaris gaussensis'' ''Notocidaris hastata'' ''Notocidaris lanceolata'' ''Notocidaris mortenseni'' ''Notocidaris platyacantha'' ''Notocidaris remigera'' ''Notocidaris vellai ''Notocidaris'' is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the family Ctenocidaridae. The species of this genus are found in the coasts of Antarctica and Southern Australia. Species: ''Notocidaris bakeri'' ''Notocidaris gaussensis'' ''Notocid ...'' References Ctenocidaridae Cidaroida genera {{echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Stylocidaris Affinis ''Stylocidaris affinis'', also known as pencil urchin or red lance urchin, is a species of sea urchin. It can be found in Bermuda, Caribbean Sea, Gulf Of Mexico, and the Mediterranean Sea. It occurs on circalittoral and deep sedimentary bottoms near Malta Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies .... References Cidaridae {{Improve categories, date=February 2022 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

Characteristics