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Chrysolina Herbacea01
''Chrysolina'' is a large genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Chrysomelinae. Most species are distributed in Europe, Asia and Africa with a small number of species inhabiting North America (including introduced European ones) and introduced species in Australia. The species '' Chrysolina cerealis'' and '' C. graminis'' are protected in the United Kingdom. All species of ''Chrysolina'' are phytophagous, feeding on specific food plants, and some of them have been used for biological control of weeds. To control ''Hypericum perforatum'' (St John's wort), '' C. hyperici'' was successfully naturalized in Australia in the 1930sWilfred William Robbins, Alden Springer Crafts. ''Weed Control: A Textbook and Manual''. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1962. P. 137, 155, 162. and several species, especially '' C. quadrigemina'', were introduced to California in the late 1940s.Richard E. White. ''A Field Guide to the Beetles of North America''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983. . P. 296. Systematic c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysolina Polita
''Chrysolina polita'', the polished leaf beetle, is a species of Chrysomelidae, leaf beetle native to Europe.Warchalowski, A. (2003) ''Chrysomelidae. The Leaf-beetles of Europe and the Mediterranean Area''. Warsawa: Natura Optima Dux. References External linksImages representing ''Chysolina'' at Barcode of Life Data Systems, BOLD Chrysomelinae Beetles described in 1758 Beetles of Europe Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus {{Chrysomelinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Introduced Species
An introduced species, alien species, exotic species, adventive species, immigrant species, foreign species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived there by human activity, directly or indirectly, and either deliberately or accidentally. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are considered naturalized. The process of human-caused introduction is distinguished from biological colonization, in which species spread to new areas through "natural" (non-human) means such as storms and rafting. The Latin expression neobiota captures the characteristic that these species are ''new'' biota to their environment in terms of established biological network (e.g. food web) relationships. Neobiota can further be divided into neozoa (also: neozoons, sing. neozoon, i.e. animals) and ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphaga
Polyphaga is the largest and most diverse suborder of beetles. It comprises 144 families in 16 superfamilies, and displays an enormous variety of specialization and adaptation, with over 350,000 described species, or approximately 90% of the beetle species discovered thus far. Key characteristics of Polyphaga are that the hind coxa (base of the leg) does not divide the first and second abdominal/ventral plates which are known as sternites. Also, the notopleural suture (found under the pronotal shield) is not present. Etymology The name of ''polyphaga'' is derived from two Greek words: , meaning 'many', and , meaning 'to eat', so the suborder is called the “eaters of many things”. Classification The five main infraorders are: * Bostrichiformia — including furniture beetles and skin beetles * Cucujiformia — includes lady beetles, longhorn beetles, weevils, checkered beetles and leaf beetles * Elateriformia — includes click beetle Elateridae or clic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coleoptera
Beetles are insects that form the Taxonomic rank, order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Holometabola. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 described species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described arthropods and 25% of all known animal species; new species are discovered frequently, with estimates suggesting that there are between 0.9 and 2.1 million total species. However, the number of beetle species is challenged by the number of species in Fly, dipterans (flies) and hymenopterans (wasps). Found in almost every habitat except the sea and the polar regions, they interact with their ecosystems in several ways: beetles often feed on plants and fungi, break down animal and plant debris, and eat other invertebrates. Some species are serious agricultural pests, such as the Colorado potato beetle, while others such as Coccinellidae (ladybirds or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Range Management
A journal, from the Old French ''journal'' (meaning "daily"), may refer to: *Bullet journal, a method of personal organization *Diary, a record of personal secretive thoughts and as open book to personal therapy or used to feel connected to oneself. A record of what happened over the course of a day or other period *Daybook, also known as a general journal, a daily record of financial transactions *Logbook, a record of events important to the operation of a vehicle, facility, or otherwise *Transaction log, a chronological record of data processing *Travel journal, a record of the traveller's experience during the course of their journey In publishing, ''journal'' can refer to various periodicals or serials: *Academic journal, an academic or scholarly periodical **Scientific journal, an academic journal focusing on science **Medical journal, an academic journal focusing on medicine **Law review, a professional journal focusing on legal interpretation *Magazine, non-academic or scho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California
California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an international border with the Mexico, Mexican state of Baja California to the south. With almost 40million residents across an area of , it is the List of states and territories of the United States by population, largest state by population and List of U.S. states and territories by area, third-largest by area. Prior to European colonization of the Americas, European colonization, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America. European exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries led to the colonization by the Spanish Empire. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821, following Mexican War of Independence, its successful war for independence, but Mexican Cession, was ceded to the U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysolina Quadrigemina
''Chrysolina quadrigemina'' is a species of beetle of the family Chrysomelidae. The species was described by Christian Wilhelm Ludwig Eduard Suffrian in 1851. It is native to Europe and North Africa. It feeds on ''Hypericum perforatum'' and other members of the genus. This plant is an introduced invasive pest in North America and Australia. The beetle was introduced in these regions as a biological control. Description ''Chrysolina quadrigemina'' completes one lifecycle each year. They start with egg laying in the fall laying their eggs on the undersides of leaves of new fall basal growth on its host plant, St. John's Wort (''Hypericum perforatum''). The larvae feed on the plants at night for around one month before burying themselves in the soil to pupate. In this time they will often completely destroy the fall growth of their host plant. The insects remain in individual pupation chambers over the winter. In late spring the adults emerge to feed heavily on the plants just be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller islands. It has a total area of , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, sixth-largest country in the world and the largest in Oceania. Australia is the world's flattest and driest inhabited continent. It is a megadiverse countries, megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and Climate of Australia, climates including deserts of Australia, deserts in the Outback, interior and forests of Australia, tropical rainforests along the Eastern states of Australia, coast. The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south-east Asia 50,000 to 65,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Period, last glacial period. By the time of British settlement, Aboriginal Australians spoke 250 distinct l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysolina Hyperici
''Chrysolina hyperici'', the Saint John's wort beetle is a species of beetles of the family Chrysomelidae. Life cycle The species lays up to 2,000 eggs on the host plant during the early fall. They lay their eggs on the undersides of leaves of new fall basal growth on its host plant, St. John's Wort (''Hypericum perforatum''). The larvae feed for a month on the leaves, emerging at night and hiding during the day. When full grown they move to the soil to pupate. After two weeks they emerge as adults. In the spring the adults feed upon new growth of their host plant. Taxonomy The species is most often classified as ''Chrysolina hyperici'' (Forster, 1771), however it was originally placed in the genus '' Chrysomela'' as ''Chrysomela hyperici''. It was first scientifically described and named by Johann Reinhold Forster in ''Novæ species insectorum'' in the year 1771. Within the genus '' Chrysolina'', the species is classified in the subgenus '' Hypericia''. It is closely related to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypericum Perforatum
''Hypericum perforatum'', commonly known as St. John's wort (sometimes perforate St. John's wort or common St. John's wort), is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is a hairless, Perennial, perennial herb with woody Root, roots, yellow Flower, flowers marked by black glands, and leaves that appear Perforation, perforated due to translucent glands, producing thousands of seeds per plant. ''H. perforatum'' is the type species of its genus, known for its historical use in folklore and traditional medicine. Probably a Hybrid (biology), hybrid between the closely related ''Hypericum attenuatum, H. attenuatum'' and ''Hypericum maculatum, H. maculatum'' (imperforate St. John's wort) that originated in Siberia, the species has Cosmopolitan distribution, spread worldwide. It can further hybridize with related species due to its Polyploidy, allopolyploid nature. It is native to much of Europe, West Asia, West and Central Asia, and parts of Africa and China and has been wide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioherbicide
Bioherbicides are herbicides consisting of phytotoxins, pathogens, and other microbes used as biological weed control. Bioherbicides may be compounds and secondary metabolites derived from microbes such as fungi, bacteria or protozoa; or phytotoxic plant residues, extracts or single compounds derived from other plant species. Production The production of bioherbicides is a process of biosynthesis where different mediums ranging from soybean bran to corn steep liquor are fermented to obtain desirable results. In addition to solid-state fermentation, bioherbicides can also be produced by submerged fermentation in stirred tanks or in other environments. Despite the ‘eco-friendliness’, there are several obstructions that make it less practical to use bioherbicides in fields because the lab results may not be the same as the real results. Current status With increasing awareness of the effects of the chemical herbicides and pesticides, bioherbicides can be adopted as an altern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytophagous
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically evolved to feed on plants, especially upon vascular tissues such as foliage, fruits or seeds, as the main component of its diet (nutrition), diet. These more broadly also encompass animals that eat non-vascular plant, non-vascular autotrophs such as mosses, algae and lichens, but do not include those feeding on decomposition, decomposed detritus, plant matters (i.e. detritivores) or macrofungi (i.e. fungivores). As a result of their plant-based diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouth structures (jaws or arthropod mouthparts, mouthparts) well adaptation, adapted to comminution, mechanically break down plant materials, and their digestive systems have special enzymes (e.g. amylase and cellulase) to digest polysaccharides. Grazing (behaviour), Grazing herbivores such as horses and cattles have wide flat-crown (tooth), crowned teeth that are better adapted for grinding grass, tree bark and other tougher lignin-conta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
