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Chroniosuchians
Chroniosuchia is a group of tetrapods that lived from the Middle Permian to Late Triassic in what is now Kyrgyzstan, China and Germany, Eastern Europe. Chroniosuchians are often thought to be reptiliomorphs, but some recent phylogenetic analyses suggest instead that they are Stem tetrapoda, stem-tetrapods. They were all rather short limbed with a strong tail and elongated snout, somewhat resembling modern crocodiles. The group is traditionally considered to be a suborder or order of labyrinthodonts. Chroniosuchians likely had ecological niches as riverside predators, and may have been outcompeted by semiaquatic true reptiles such as phytosaurs in the late Triassic. Most forms bore a heavy armour of scutes along the back, possibly for protection against land born predators like therapsids, or to strengthen the axial skeleton for terrestrial locomotion. Indeed, femoral microanatomy of ''Chroniosaurus'' suggests that it was amphibious to terrestrial. Description The most distinguish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chroniosaurus
''Chroniosaurus'' is an extinct genus of Chroniosuchidae, chroniosuchid Stegocephali, stegocephalian, often considered a reptiliomorph but possibly a Stem tetrapoda, stem-tetrapod, from upper Permian (upper Tatarian age) deposits of Novgorod, Orenburg Region, Orenburg and Vologda Regions, Russia. It was first named by Tverdokhlebova in 1972 in paleontology, 1972 and the type species is ''Chroniosaurus dongusensis''. Its lifestyle is uncertain. An early study suggested a fairly aquatic lifestyle, but its femoral microanatomy and dorsal dermal plates suggest a rather terrestrial lifestyle. References Chroniosuchia Lopingian tetrapods of Europe Fossils of Russia {{paleo-tetrapod-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bystrowiana
''Bystrowiana'' is an extinct genus of bystrowianid chroniosuchian from upper Permian deposits of Vladimir Region, Russia and Jiyuan, China. Chroniosuchians are often thought to be reptiliomorphs, but some recent phylogenetic analyses suggest instead that they are stem-tetrapods. The genus is named in honour of the Russian paleontologist Alexey Bystrow. It was first described by Vyushkov in 1957 and the type species is ''Bystrowiana permira''. Two species—''B. permira'' and ''B. sinica''—are known. ''Bystrowiana'' is known from a 30 cm skull, which suggests it was a large animal, up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in total body length. Phylogeny ''Bystrowiana'' in a cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ... after Novikov (2018) showing internal relatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suchonica
''Suchonica'' is an extinct genus of chroniosuchid reptiliomorph from upper Permian (upper Tatarian age) deposits of Sukhona Formation of Vologda Region, Russia. It was first named by V. K. Golubev in 1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ..., from the anterior armor scute (PIN, no. 4611/1). The type species is ''Suchonica vladimiri''. References Chroniosuchia Lopingian tetrapods of Europe Fossils of Russia Fossil taxa described in 1999 {{paleo-tetrapod-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dromotectum
''Dromotectum'' is an extinct genus of bystrowianid chroniosuchians from the Late Permian of China and Early Triassic of Russia. Two species have been named: the type species ''D. spinosum'' and the species ''D. largum''. ''D. spinosum'', the first species to be named, comes from Lower Triassic deposits in the Samara Region of European Russia and is known from the holotype PIN 2424/23, which consists of armor scutes, and from PIN 2424/65, 4495/14 and 2252/397. It was found in the Staritskaya Formation of the Rybinskin Horizon and named by I.V. Novikov and M.A. Shishkin in 2000. The generic name means “corridor with hipped vault” (''dromos'' in Greek) + “roof” (''tecton''), and the specific name means “spinous” (''spinosum'' in Latin). A second species, ''D. largum'', was named by Liu Jun, Xu Li, Jia Song-Hai, Pu Han-Yong, and Liu Xiao-Ling in 2014 from the Shangshihezi Formation near Jiyuan in Henan Henan; alternatively Honan is a province in Central China. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bystrowiella
''Bystrowiella'' is an extinct genus of Bystrowianidae, bystrowianid chroniosuchians from upper Middle Triassic (Ladinian age) deposits of Kupferzell and Vellberg, northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Discovery and naming It was first named by Florian Witzmann, Rainer R. Schoch and Michael W. Maisch in 2008 in paleontology, 2008, from a complete osteoderm fused with tip of neural spine (SMNS 91034, the holotype), partial osteoderms (SMNS 91036, 91037) and vertebrae (SMNS 81698, 81871–81874, 81876, 81877, 81879). The type species is ''Bystrowiella schumanni''. The genus is named in honour of Dr. Alexey Bystrow, a Russian paleontologist and the species in honour of Schumann family. ''Bystrowiella''s closest relative was ''Synesuchus''. ''B. schumanni'' is the first bystrowianid identified outside Russia and China. Description ''Bystrowiella'' is known by cranial and postcranial material. The premaxilla has an edentulous crest lateral to the choana; the premaxillary teeth are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axitectum
''Axitectum'' is an extinct genus of bystrowianid chroniosuchians from lower Triassic deposits of Nizhni Novgorod and Kirov Regions, Russia. It was a rather large animal judging by the size of its vertebrae. The back was covered in bands of highly ornamented osteoderm plates, similar to those found in modern crocodiles. The bands overlapped with the next band at the posterior end. Michael J. Benton, Mikhail A. Shishkin and David M. Unwin (2003): The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.Relevant pagefrom google books It was first named by M.A. Shishkin and I.V. Novikov in 1992 and the type species is ''Axitectum vjushkovi''. ''A. vjushkovi'' is known from the holotype PIN 1025/334, which consists of armor scute. It was found in the Vokhminskaya Formation of the Vokhmin Horizon and named in honour of Vyushkov, who was a Russian paleontologist. A second species, ''A. georgi'', was named by I.V. Novikov and M.A. Shishkin in 2000 on the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reptiliomorpha
Reptiliomorpha (meaning reptile-shaped; in PhyloCode known as ''Pan-Amniota'') is a clade containing the amniotes and those tetrapods that share a more recent common ancestor with amniotes than with living amphibians (lissamphibians). It was defined by Michel Laurin (2001) and Vallin and Laurin (2004) as the largest clade that includes ''Homo sapiens'', but not ''Tailed frog, Ascaphus truei'' (tailed frog). Laurin and Reisz (2020) defined Pan-Amniota as the largest Total group, total clade containing ''Human, Homo sapiens'', but not ''Common Surinam toad, Pipa pipa'', ''Caecilia tentaculata'', and ''Greater siren, Siren lacertina''. The informal variant of the name, "reptiliomorphs", is also occasionally used to refer to Crown group#Stem groups, stem-amniotes, i.e. a Evolutionary grade, grade of reptile-like tetrapods that are more closely related to amniotes than they are to lissamphibians, but are not amniotes themselves; the name is used in this meaning e.g. by Ruta, Coates and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Body Of Vertebra
Each vertebra (: vertebrae) is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, that make up the vertebral column or spine, of vertebrates. The proportions of the vertebrae differ according to their spinal segment and the particular species. The basic configuration of a vertebra varies; the vertebral body (also ''centrum'') is of bone and bears the load of the vertebral column. The upper and lower surfaces of the vertebra body give attachment to the intervertebral discs. The posterior part of a vertebra forms a vertebral arch, in eleven parts, consisting of two pedicles (pedicle of vertebral arch), two laminae, and seven processes. The laminae give attachment to the ligamenta flava (ligaments of the spine). There are vertebral notches formed from the shape of the pedicles, which form the intervertebral foramina when the vertebrae articulate. These foramina are the entry and exit conduits for the spinal nerves. The body of the vertebra an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antorbital Fenestra
An antorbital fenestra (plural: fenestrae) is an opening in the skull that is in front of the eye sockets. This skull character is largely associated with Archosauriformes, archosauriforms, first appearing during the Triassic Period. Among Extant taxon, extant archosaurs, birds still possess antorbital fenestrae, whereas crocodylians have lost them. The loss in crocodylians is believed to be related to the structural needs of their skulls for the bite force and feeding behaviours that they employ.Preushscoft, H., Witzel, U. 2002. Biomechanical Investigations on the Skulls of Reptiles and Mammals. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 82:207–222.Rayfield, E.J., Milner, A.C., Xuan, V.B., Young, P.G. 2007. Functional Morphology of Spinosaur "Crocodile Mimic" Dinosaurs. JVP. 27(4):892–901. In some archosaur species, the opening has closed but its location is still marked by a depression, or Fossa (anatomy), fossa, on the surface of the skull called the antorbital fossa. The antorbital fenestra h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intertemporal Bone
The intertemporal bone is a paired Skull, cranial bone present in certain Sarcopterygii, sarcopterygians (lobe-finned fish) and extinct amphibian-Evolutionary grade, grade tetrapods. It lies in the rear part of the skull, behind the eyes. Many lineages of four-limbed vertebrates ("tetrapods" in the broad sense) have lost the intertemporal bone. These include ''Acanthostega'', ''Ichthyostega, Icththyostega'', Colosteidae, colosteids (except for a vestigial intertemporal in ''Greererpeton''), Diadectomorpha, diadectomorphs, Lepospondyli, lepospondyls, and amniotes. Lissamphibians (i.e. modern amphibians like frogs, salamanders, and caecilians) also lack an intertemporal. Most Temnospondyli, temnospondyls lack an intertemporal, though several early groups like Edopoidea, edopoids, Dvinosauria, dvinosaurs, and various other basal taxa retain the bone. Tetrapod groups which do possess an intertemporal typically have it contact the parietal bone along its inner edge, the Postfrontal bone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
