|
Chromone
Chromone (or 1,4-benzopyrone) is a derivative of benzopyran with a substituted keto group on the pyran ring. It is an isomer of coumarin. Derivatives of chromone are collectively known as ''chromones''. Most, though not all, chromones are also phenylpropanoids. Examples * 6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrochromone has been isolated from '' Sarcolobus globosus''. * Eucryphin, a chromone rhamnoside, can be isolated from the bark of ''Eucryphia cordifolia''. * Cromolyn (disodium cromoglicate) was found to inhibit antigen challenge as well as stress induced symptoms.HOWELL, J.B. & ALTOUNYAN, R.E. (1967). A double-blind trial of disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma. Lancet, 2, 539–542Abstract/ref> Cromoglicate is used as a mast cell stabilizer in allergic rhinitis, asthma and allergic conjunctivitis. * Nedocromil sodium was found to have a somewhat longer half-life than cromolyn; however, production was discontinued in the US in 2008. * Xanthone with a se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Furanochromone
Furanochromone is a chemical compound which is a derivative of chromone (1,4-benzopyrone) and furan. Some chemical derivatives of furanochromone show strong interaction with DNA. Furanochromones can be produced in callus cultures of ''Ammi visnaga'' or in ''Pimpinella monoica ''Pimpinella monoica'' is now listed as a synonym for ''Pimpinella wallichiana'' (Miq.) Gandhi Kew Plants of the World Online http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:847109-1 Retrieved at 11.45 on Thursday 4/11/21. a plant speci ...''. References {{heterocyclic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarcolobus Globosus
''Sarcolobus globosus'' is a twining shrub native to tropical regions of Asia including India, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar-Burma, the Philippines and Indonesia. In India the plant is found in the mangrove forests of West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Sundarbans and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Traditional practices in these regions use the leaves and rhizomes as medicine; and the seeds are poisonous and used as bait to kill dogs and wild animals. Description The plant is a twining shrub with stout glabrous branches, root-stock thick, and fleshy; roots thick. Leaves are simple, opposite, 3-6x2-4.5 cm, ovate or oblong, thick and fleshy, acute or obtuse at apex, rounded at base. Inflorescence cymosely. Flowers small, starry, crowded, in axillary corymbose cymes, 2–3 mm across; corolla purplish, lobes pubescent inside. Follicles brown, 4–5 cm across, sub-globose; seeds are many and flattened. Cotyledons often large, radicle terete. In the mangroves o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eucryphia Cordifolia
''Eucryphia cordifolia'', the ulmo, is a species of tree in the family Cunoniaceae. It is found in Chile and Argentina. It is threatened by logging and habitat loss. The natural habitat is along the Andes Range from 38 to 43°S, and up to 700 meters (2300 ft) above sea level. It is an exquisite tree with a thick trunk and broad crown and can become over 12 m (39 ft) high. It blooms in February and March, depending on latitude and altitude. The fruit is a capsule about 1.5 cm (0.6 in) in length. Cultivation and uses Its flowers contain a highly appreciated aromatic nectar Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by Plant, plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollination, pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to an ..., harvested by introduced European bees and commercialized as ulmo honey (''miel de Ulmo''). The wood is light brown to brown, heavy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cromolyn
Cromoglicic acid (International Nonproprietary Name, INN)—also referred to as cromolyn (United States Adopted Name, USAN), cromoglycate (former British Approved Name, BAN), or cromoglicate—is traditionally described as a mast cell stabilizer, and is commonly marketed as the sodium salt sodium cromoglicate or cromolyn sodium. This drug prevents the release of inflammation, inflammatory chemicals such as histamine from mast cells. It is considered a breakthrough drug in management of asthma, as the patients can be freed from steroids in many cases; however, it is mainly effective as a prophylaxis for allergic and exercise-induced asthma, not as a treatment for acute asthma attacks. Cromoglicic acid has been the non-corticosteroid treatment of choice in the treatment of asthma, for which it has largely been replaced by leukotriene receptor antagonists because of their safety and convenience. Cromoglicic acid requires administration four times daily, and does not provide additi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coumarin
Coumarin () or 2''H''-chromen-2-one is an aromatic organic chemical compound with formula . Its molecule can be described as a benzene molecule with two adjacent hydrogen atoms replaced by an unsaturated lactone ring , forming a second six-membered heterocycle that shares two carbons with the benzene ring. It belongs to the benzopyrone chemical class and is considered a lactone. Coumarin is a colorless crystalline solid with a sweet odor resembling the scent of vanilla and a bitter taste. It is found in many plants, where it may serve as a chemical defense against predators. While coumarin is not an anticoagulant, its 3-alkyl-4-hydroxy derivatives, such as the fungal metabolite dicoumarol, inhibit synthesis of vitamin K, a key component in blood clotting. A related compound, the prescription drug anticoagulant warfarin, is used to inhibit formation of blood clots, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Etymology Coumarin is derived from , the French word for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylpropanoid
The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are biosynthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine in the shikimic acid pathway. Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the three-carbon propene tail of coumaric acid, which is the central intermediate in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. From 4-Coumaroyl-CoA, 4-coumaroyl-CoA emanates the biosynthesis of myriad natural products including Monolignol, lignols (precursors to lignin and lignocellulose), flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, aurones, stilbenes, catechin, and phenylpropanoids. The coumaroyl component is produced from cinnamic acid. Phenylpropanoids are found throughout the plant kingdom, where they serve as essential components of a number of structural polymers, provide protection from ultraviolet light, defend against herbivores and pathogens, and also mediate plant-pollinator interactions as floral pigments and scent compounds. Hydroxycinnamic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyran
In chemistry, pyran is a six-membered heterocyclic, non-aromatic ring, consisting of five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom and containing two double bonds. The molecular formula is C5H6O. There are two isomers of pyran that differ by the location of the double bonds. In 2''H''-pyran, the saturated carbon is at position 2, whereas, in 4''H''-pyran, the saturated carbon is at position 4. "Oxine” is not used for pyran because it has been used as a trivial name for quinolin-8-ol. 4''H''-Pyran was first isolated and characterized in 1962 via pyrolysis of 2-acetoxy-3,4-dihydro-2''H''-pyran. It was found to be unstable, particularly in the presence of air. 4''H''-pyran easily disproportionates to the corresponding dihydropyran and the pyrylium ion, which is easily hydrolyzed in aqueous medium. Although the pyrans themselves have little significance in chemistry, many of their derivatives are important biological molecules, such as the pyranoflavonoids. The term pyran is also often ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone is an organic compound with the structure , where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula . Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, ''e.g.'', testosterone, and the solvent acetone. Nomenclature and etymology The word ''ketone'' is derived from ''Aketon'', an old German word for ''acetone''. According to the rules of IUPAC nomenclature, ketone names are derived by changing the suffix ''-ane'' of the parent alkane to ''-anone''. Typically, the position of the carbonyl group is denoted by a number, but traditional nonsystematic names are still generally used for the most important ketones, for example acetone and benzophenone. These nonsystematic names are considered retained IUPAC names, although some introdu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mast Cell Stabilizer
Mast cell stabilizers are medications used to prevent or treat certain allergic disorders. They block mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine and related mediators. One suspected pharmacodynamic mechanism is the blocking of IgE-regulated calcium channels. Without intracellular calcium, the histamine vesicles cannot fuse to the cell membrane and degranulate. As inhalers they are used to treat asthma, as nasal sprays to treat hay fever (allergic rhinitis) and as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis. Finally, in oral form, they are used to treat the rare condition of mastocytosis. Examples Mast cell stabilizer medications include: * cromoglicic acid (cromolyn/cromoglycate) * ketotifen * lodoxamide * nedocromil * pemirolast * olopatadine Research The following substances are studied on their potential mast cell stabilizing effects, but the current results are inconclusive: * vitamin D * quercetin Quercetin is a plan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
