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Chloroflexia
The Chloroflexia are a class of bacteria in the phylum Chloroflexota, known as filamentous green non-sulfur bacteria. They use light for energy and are named for their green pigment, usually found in photosynthetic bodies called chlorosomes. Chloroflexia are typically filamentous, and can move about through bacterial gliding. They are facultatively aerobic, but do not produce oxygen in the process of producing energy from light, or phototrophy. Additionally, Chloroflexia have a different method of phototrophy (photoheterotrophy) than true photosynthetic bacteria. Etymology The name "Chloroflexi" is a Neolatin plural of "Chloroflexus", which is the name of the first genus described. The noun is a combination of the Greek ''chloros'' (χλωρός) meaning "greenish-yellow" and the Latin ''flexus'' (of ''flecto'') meaning "bent" to mean "a green bending". The name is not due to chlorine, an element confirmed as such in 1810 by Sir Humphry Davy and named after its pale green colo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloroflexota
The Chloroflexota are a phylum of bacteria containing isolates with a diversity of phenotypes, including members that are aerobic thermophiles, which use oxygen and grow well in high temperatures; anoxygenic phototrophs, which use light for photosynthesis ( green non-sulfur bacteria); and anaerobic halorespirers, which uses halogenated organics (such as the toxic chlorinated ethenes and polychlorinated biphenyls) as electron acceptors. The members of the phylum ''Chloroflexota'' are monoderms (that is, have one cell membrane with no outer membrane), but they stain mostly gram-negative. Many well-studied phyla of bacteria are diderms and stain gram-negative, whereas well-known monoderms that stain Gram-positive include ''Firmicutes'' (or ''Bacillota'') ( low G+C gram-positives), ''Actinomycetota'' (high-G+C gram-positives) and '' Deinococcota'' (gram-positive diderms with thick peptidoglycan). History The taxon name was created in the 2001 edition of Volume 1 of Bergey's Manu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herpetosiphonales
Herpetosiphonales is an order of bacteria in the class Chloroflexia. See also * List of bacterial orders This article lists the orders of the Bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the phylogeny is based on 16S ... References External links Phototrophic bacteria Chloroflexota {{bacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloroflexales
Chloroflexales is an order of bacteria in the class Chloroflexia. Taxonomy The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). * Suborder Roseiflexineae Gupta et al. 2013 ** Family Roseiflexaceae Gupta et al. 2013 Kouleotrichaceae" Mehrshad et al. 2018*** Genus "'' Kouleothrix''" Kohno et al. 2002 *** Genus '' Heliothrix'' Pierson et al. 1986 *** Genus '' Roseiflexus'' Hanada et al. 2002 * Suborder Chloroflexineae Gupta et al. 2013 ** Family Chloroflexaceae Gupta et al. 2013 *** Genus ''Candidatus'' Chloranaerofilum Thiel et al. 2016 *** Genus ''Chloroflexus'' Pierson & Castenholz 1974 Chlorocrinis.html" ;"title="''Chlorocrinis">''Chlorocrinis''"** Family Oscillochloridaceae Gupta et al. 2013 *** Genus ''Candidatus'' Chloroploca Gorlenko et al. 2014 *** Genus ''Chloronema'' ♪ Dubinina & Gorlenko 1975 *** Genus ''Oscillochloris'' Gorlenko & Pivovarova 1989 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herpetosiphon
''Herpetosiphon'' is a genus of bacteria in the family '' Herpetosiphonaceae''. Phylogeny References {{Taxonbar, from=Q16965551 Phototrophic bacteria Bacteria genera Chloroflexota ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorosome
A chlorosome is a photosynthetic antenna complex found in green sulfur bacteria (GSB) and some green filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (FAP) ( Chloroflexaceae, Oscillochloridaceae; both members of Chloroflexia). They differ from other antenna complexes by their large size and lack of protein matrix supporting the photosynthetic pigments. Green sulfur bacteria are a group of organisms that generally live in extremely low-light environments, such as at depths of 100 metres in the Black Sea. The ability to capture light energy and rapidly deliver it to where it needs to go is essential to these bacteria, some of which see only a few photons of light per chlorophyll per day. To achieve this, the bacteria contain chlorosome structures, which contain up to 250,000 chlorophyll molecules. Chlorosomes are ellipsoidal bodies, in GSB their length varies from 100 to 200 nm, width of 50-100 nm and height of 15 – 30 nm, in FAP the chlorosomes are somewhat smaller. Struct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillota
The Bacillota (synonym Firmicutes) are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have gram-positive cell wall structure. The renaming of phyla such as Firmicutes in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier names of long standing in the literature. The name "Firmicutes" was derived from the Latin words for "tough skin," referring to the thick cell wall typical of bacteria in this phylum. Scientists once classified the Firmicutes to include all gram-positive bacteria, but have recently defined them to be of a core group of related forms called the low- G+C group, in contrast to the Actinomycetota. They have round cells, called cocci (singular coccus), or rod-like forms (bacillus). A few Firmicutes, such as '' Megasphaera'', '' Pectinatus'', '' Selenomonas'' and '' Zymophilus'', have a porous pseudo-outer membrane that causes them to stain gram-negative. Many Bacillota (Firmicutes) produce endospores, which are resistant to desiccatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoderm
In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall. Gram-positive bacteria take up the crystal violet stain used in the test, and then appear to be purple-coloured when seen through an optical microscope. This is because the thick peptidoglycan layer in the bacterial cell wall retains the stain after it is washed away from the rest of the sample, in the decolorization stage of the test. Conversely, gram-negative bacteria cannot retain the violet stain after the decolorization step; alcohol used in this stage degrades the outer membrane of gram-negative cells, making the cell wall more porous and incapable of retaining the crystal violet stain. Their peptidoglycan layer is much thinner and sandwiched between an inner cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane, causing them to take up the counterstain (safran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diderms
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner cytoplasmic cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane. Gram-negative bacteria are found in virtually all environments on Earth that support life. The gram-negative bacteria include the model organism ''Escherichia coli'', as well as many pathogenic bacteria, such as ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''Chlamydia trachomatis'', and ''Yersinia pestis''. They are a significant medical challenge as their outer membrane protects them from many antibiotics (including penicillin), detergents that would normally damage the inner cell membrane, and lysozyme, an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system. Additionally, the outer leaflet of this membrane comprises a complex lipopolysa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gram Negative
The gram (originally gramme; SI unit symbol g) is a unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one one thousandth of a kilogram. Originally defined as of 1795 as "the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of a metre melting ice", the defining temperature (~0 °C) was later changed to 4 °C, the temperature of maximum density of water. However, by the late 19th century, there was an effort to make the Base unit (measurement), base unit the kilogram and the gram a derived unit. In 1960, the new International System of Units defined a ''gram'' as one one-thousandth of a kilogram (i.e., one gram is Scientific notation, 1×10−3 kg). The kilogram, as of 2019, is defined by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures from the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant (), which is kg⋅m2⋅s−1. Official SI symbol The only unit symbol for gram that is recognised by the International Sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deinococcota
''Deinococcota'' (synonym, ''Deinococcus-Thermus'') is a phylum of bacteria with a single class, ''Deinococci'', that are highly resistant to environmental hazards, also known as extremophiles. These bacteria have thick cell walls that give them gram-positive stains, but they include a second membrane and so are closer in structure to those of gram-negative bacteria. Taxonomy The phylum ''Deinococcota'' consists of a single class (''Deinococci'') and two orders: * The ''Deinococcales'' include two families ('' Deinococcaceae'' and'' Trueperaceae''), with three genera, '' Deinococcus'', ''Deinobacterium'' and ''Truepera''.Garrity GM, Holt JG. (2001) Phylum BIV. "Deinococcus–Thermus". In: Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, pp. 395-420. Eds D. R. Boone, R. W. Castenholz. Springer-: New York.Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn TG. (2005) Phylum BIV. The revised road map to the Manual. In: Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, pp. 159-220. Eds Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Stale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actinomycetota
The ''Actinomycetota'' (or ''Actinobacteria'') are a phylum of all gram-positive bacteria. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. They are of great economic importance to humans because agriculture and forests depend on their contributions to soil systems. In soil they help to decompose the organic matter of dead organisms so the molecules can be taken up anew by plants. While this role is also played by fungi, ''Actinomycetota'' are much smaller and likely do not occupy the same ecological niche. In this role the colonies often grow extensive mycelia, like a fungus would, and the name of an important order of the phylum, '' Actinomycetales'' (the actinomycetes), reflects that they were long believed to be fungi. Some soil actinomycetota (such as ''Frankia'') live symbiotically with the plants whose roots pervade the soil, fixing nitrogen for the plants in exchange for access to some of the plant's saccharides. Other species, such as many members of the genus ''Mycobacterium'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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