Chinese Character Internal Structures
Chinese character forms studies the external structure of Chinese characters, i.e. strokes, components, and whole characters, and their structural relations to the pure dimension of forms or appearances. The internal structure of Chinese characters (Pinyin: hànzì nèibù jiégòu; Traditional Chinese: 漢字的內部結構; Simplified Chinese: 汉字内部结构) studies the relationship between the forms, sounds, and meanings of the characters, thereby explaining the rationale for character formation. In the analysis of internal structures, Chinese characters are decomposed into internal structural components in relation to the sound and meaning of the character. Internal structural components The character-building units obtained by analyzing the external structure of Chinese characters are external structural components. In internal structures, Chinese characters are analyzed according to the rationale of character formation, and the basic unit of character formation is inter ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Chinese Character Forms
Chinese character forms () are the shapes and structures of Chinese characters. They are the physical carriers of written Chinese. Modern Chinese characters appear in the form of square blocks. There are two methods to analyze the forms of Chinese characters, ''source tracing analysis'' () and ''current status analysis'' (, ). Source tracing analysis is also called the method of character creation (). It takes the form of a character when it was created as the object of analysis. Current status (or current situation) analysis takes the current regular script standard form (, ) as the object. As an academic subject, ''modern Chinese characters'' pay more attention to current status analysis. Current status analysis studies how the writing units are combined level by level into a complete Chinese character. There are three levels of structural units of Chinese characters: ''strokes'' (), ''components'' (), and ''whole characters'' (). For example, character (character) is composed of ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Pianpang
Pianpangs ( zh, c=偏旁, p=piānpáng, l=side side) are components in Chinese character internal structures. A compound character is normally divided into two ''pianpangs'' according to their relationship in sounds and meanings. Originally, the left side component of the character was called ''pian'', and the right side ''pang''. Nowadays, it is customary to refer to the left and right, upper and lower, outer and inner parts of a compound characters as ''pianpangs''. Radicals () are indexing components of Chinese characters, and are usually ''pianpangs'' representing the meanings of the characters. Classification There are three categories of ''pianpangs'' in modern Chinese characters: # A component related to (or representing) the meaning of the character is a ''semantic pianpang'' (形旁, 義旁 or 意符). For example: component "扌" (hand) in characters "推" (push) and "拉" (pull), and "心" (heart) in "思" (think) and "忠" (loyal). # A component related to the ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Shuowen Jiezi
''Shuowen Jiezi'' () is an ancient Chinese dictionary from the Han dynasty. Although not the first comprehensive Chinese character dictionary (the '' Erya'' predates it), it was the first to analyze the structure of the characters and to give the rationale behind them, as well as the first to use the principle of organization by sections with shared components called radicals (''bùshǒu'' 部首, lit. "section headers"). Circumstances of compilation Xu Shen, a Han Dynasty scholar of the Five Classics, compiled the ''Shuowen Jiezi''. He finished editing it in 100 CE, but due to an unfavorable imperial attitude towards scholarship, he waited until 121 CE before having his son Xǔ Chōng present it to Emperor An of Han along with a memorial. In analyzing the structure of characters and defining the words represented by them, Xu Shen strove to disambiguate the meaning of the pre-Han Classics, so as to render their usage by government unquestioned and bring about order, and ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Xu Shen
Xu Shen ( CE) was a Chinese calligrapher, philologist, politician, and writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-189). He was born in the Zhaoling district of Run'an prefecture (today known as Luohe in Henan Province). During his own lifetime, Xu was recognized as a preeminent scholar of the Five Classics. He was the author of '' Shuowen Jiezi'',''Daijisen'' entry "Xu Shen" (''Kyo Shin'' in Japanese). Shogakukan.'' Kanjigen'' entry "Xu Shen" (''Kyo Shin'' in Japanese). Gakken, 2006. which was the first comprehensive dictionary of Chinese characters, as well as the first to organize entries by radical. This work continues to provide scholars with information on the development and historical usage of Chinese characters. Xu Shen completed his first draft in 100 CE but, waited until 121 CE before having his son present the work to the Emperor An of Han. Life Xu was a student of the scholar-official Jia Kui (30-101). Under Jia, he established himself as a master i ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Shuowen
''Shuowen Jiezi'' () is an ancient Chinese dictionary from the Han dynasty. Although not the first comprehensive Chinese character dictionary (the ''Erya'' predates it), it was the first to analyze the structure of the characters and to give the rationale behind them, as well as the first to use the principle of organization by sections with shared components called radical (Chinese character), radicals (''bùshǒu'' 部首, lit. "section headers"). Circumstances of compilation Xu Shen, a Han Dynasty scholar of the Five Classics, compiled the ''Shuowen Jiezi''. He finished editing it in 100 CE, but due to an unfavorable imperial attitude towards scholarship, he waited until 121 CE before having his son Xǔ Chōng present it to Emperor An of Han along with a memorial. In analyzing the structure of characters and defining the words represented by them, Xu Shen strove to disambiguate the meaning of the pre-Han Classics, so as to render their usage by government unquestioned and ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Duan Yucai
Duan Yucai () (1735–1815), courtesy name Ruoying () was a Chinese philologist of the Qing Dynasty. He made great contributions to the study of Historical Chinese phonology, and is known for his annotated edition of ''Shuowen Jiezi''. Biography A native of Jintan, Jiangsu, he resigned his government post at the age of 46 to concentrate on his studies. A student of Dai Zhen, he divided Old Chinese Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese. The earliest examples of Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones from around 12 ... words into 17 rhyme groups. He suggested that "characters sharing the same phonetic component must belong to the same rhyme group s deduced from the rhyming scheme of ''Shijing'' (). He also suggested that there is no four tones">departing tone in Old Chinese. His monumental ''Shuowen Jiezi Zhu'' (說文解字注 "Annotated ''Shuowe ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Chinese Character Classification
All Chinese characters are logograms, but several different types can be identified, based on the manner in which they are formed or derived. There are a handful which derive from pictographs () and a number which are ideographic () in origin, including compound ideographs (), but the vast majority originated as phono-semantic compounds (). The other categories in the traditional system of classification are rebus or phonetic loan characters () and "derivative cognates" (). Modern scholars have proposed various revised systems, rejecting some of the traditional categories. In older literature, Chinese characters in general may be referred to as ideograms, due to the misconception that characters represented ideas directly, whereas some people assert that they do so only through association with the spoken word. Traditional classification Traditional Chinese lexicography divided characters into six categories (). This classification is known from Xu Shen's second century dictiona ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Chinese Character Meanings
Chinese character meanings () are the meanings of the morphemes the characters represent, including the original meanings, extended meanings and phonetic-loan meanings. Some characters only have single meanings, some have multiple meanings, and some share a common meaning. In modern Chinese, a character may represent a word, a morpheme in compound word, or a meaningless syllable combined with other syllables or characters to form a morpheme. A single-character word has a meaning equal to the meaning of the character. A multi-character word has a meaning that is usually derived from the meanings of the characters according to various processes of word formation. Character meanings and morphemes Morphemes are the minimal units of meaning in a language. Chinese characters are morpheme characters, and the meanings of Chinese characters come from the morphemes they record. Most Chinese characters represent only one morpheme, and in that case the meaning of the character is the meaning ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Chinese Character Sounds
Chinese character sounds ( zh, p=hànzì zìyīn, t=漢字字音, s=汉字字音) are the pronunciations of Chinese characters. The standard sounds of Chinese characters are based on the phonetic system of the Beijing dialect. Normally a Chinese character is read with one syllable. Some Chinese characters have more than one pronunciation (polyphonic characters). Some syllables correspond to more than one character (homophonic characters). Pronunciation standards of modern Chinese characters Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation and the Old National Pronunciation The common language of China was called ''Guanhua'' (Guānhuà, 官話, 官话, Official language) during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. ''Guanhua'' had no clear pronunciation standards and basically followed the traditional readings reflected in the official rhyme books (韵書, 韵书). At the end of the 19th century, influenced by Japan's Meiji Restoration, the new term ''Mandarin'' (guóyǔ, 國語, 国语, Nati ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Chinese Character Structures
Chinese character structures () are the patterns or rules in which the characters are formed by their writing units. There are two aspects of Chinese character structures: The ''external structures'' are on the writing strokes, components and whole characters as well as their structural relations on the pure dimension of character forms. The ''internal structures'' studies the relationship between the forms, sounds and meanings of Chinese characters. External structures ''Chinese character external structure'' is on how the writing units are combined level by level into a complete character. There are three levels of structural units of Chinese characters: ''strokes'', ''components'', and ''whole characters''. For example, character (character) is composed of two components, each of which is composed of three stokes: = 宀(㇔㇔㇇) + 子(㇇㇚㇐). Strokes ''Strokes'' () are the smallest building units of Chinese characters. When writing a Chinese character, the trace o ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Fudan University Press
Fudan University Press ( zh, 复旦大学出版社), a publishing entity of the People's Republic of China, is affiliated with Fudan University and is situated at No. 579 Guoquan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai. History Fudan University Press was formed in May 1981 with the authorization of the General Administration of Press and Publication and the endorsement of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a cabinet-level department under the State Council of the People's Republic of China, State Council responsible for basic education, vocational education, higher education, and othe .... Fudan University Press primarily publishes instructional materials pertinent to the subjects, majors, and courses offered at Fudan University, in addition to reference books for higher education, pedagogical tools, and educational resources for colleges and universities associated with higher education instructi ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |