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Chico Monteiro
Monsignor Chico Monteiro was born on 1 February 1918 in Goa, which at that time was a Portuguese colony. In 1961, India annexed Goa and issued an edict requiring Goans to pledge allegiance to India and acquire an Indian passport – or, in the alternative, leave Goa and emigrate to Portugal. “Fr. Chico”(as he humbly preferred to call himself) made global waves when he refused to leave his homeland or surrender his Portuguese passport, resulting in his arrest and detention. In his defense at trial, Monteiro echoed what he believed to be the essence of the safeguards enshrined in the Geneva Convention: "I was born in Goa and lived all my life peacefully in Goa". Monteiro was represented in court by Queen Elizabeth's personal counsel, Edward Gardner (British politician). After a legal marathon spanning 5 years, Chico Monteiro was finally convicted for his defiance of Indian rule and sentenced by the Supreme Court of India. He spent a year in solitary confinement in the maxim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candolim
Candolim is a census town in North Goa and is located in the Bardez taluka in the state of Goa, India. It is situated just south of Calangute Beach and North of Sinquerim. History During the late 16th century, Candolim became the first village to be entirely converted to Christianity in Bardez by the Franciscans. The present Christian identity of its villagers dates back to the conversion of Santu Sinay (Shenoy), a ''ganvkar'' ( Konkani: freeholder) who belonged to the nobility of his people. Santu Sinay (1577–1640), was the son of Naru Sinay; who had earlier migrated from Loutolim, Salcette, and established himself in Candolim, where he purchased the fifth ''vangodd'' (clan) of the ''comunidade'' on 13 August 1604. Naru Sinay died after 1624, and was survived by his wife, and three sons—Jeronimo de Souza, Santu Sinay, and Christovão d'Andrade. Santu Sinay was converted along with the rest of his family at the age of 8, and subsequently took the name of Salvador Pinto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goa, India
Goa () is a state on the southwestern coast of India within the Konkan region, geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats. It is located between the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the east and south, with the Arabian Sea forming its western coast. It is India's smallest state by area and its fourth-smallest by population. Goa has the highest GDP per capita among all Indian states, two and a half times as high as the GDP per capita of the country as a whole. The Eleventh Finance Commission of India named Goa the best-placed state because of its infrastructure, and India's National Commission on Population rated it as having the best quality of life in India (based on the commission's “12 Indicators”). It is the third-highest ranking among Indian states in the human development index. Panaji is the state's capital, while Vasco da Gama is its largest city. The historic city of Margão in Goa still exhibits the cultu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monsignor
Monsignor (; it, monsignore ) is an honorific form of address or title for certain male clergy members, usually members of the Roman Catholic Church. Monsignor is the apocopic form of the Italian ''monsignore'', meaning "my lord". "Monsignor" can be abbreviated as Mons... or Msgr. In some countries, the title "monsignor" is used as a form of address for bishops. However, in English-speaking countries, the title is dropped when a priest is appointed as bishop. The title "monsignor" is a form of address, not an appointment (such as a bishop or cardinal). A priest cannot be "made a monsignor" or become "the monsignor of a parish". The title "Monsignor" is normally used by clergy (men only) who have received one of the three classes of papal honors: * Protonotary apostolic (the highest honored class) * Honorary prelate * Chaplain of his holiness (the lowest honored class) The pope bestows these papal honors upon clergy who: * Have rendered a valuable service to the church * Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese India
The State of India ( pt, Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (''Estado Português da Índia'', EPI) or simply Portuguese India (), was a state of the Portuguese Empire founded six years after the discovery of a sea route to the Indian subcontinent by Vasco da Gama, a subject of the Kingdom of Portugal. The capital of Portuguese India served as the governing centre of a string of military forts and trade posts scattered all over the Indian Ocean. The first viceroy, Francisco de Almeida established his base of operations at Fort Manuel, after the Kingdom of Cochin negotiated to become a protectorate of Portugal in 1505. With the Portuguese conquest of Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate in 1510, Goa became the major anchorage for the Portuguese Armadas arriving in India. The capital of the viceroyalty was transferred from Cochin in the Malabar region to Goa in 1530. From 1535, Mumbai (Bombay) was a harbour of Portuguese India as '' Bom Bahi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annexation Of Goa
The Annexation of Goa was the process in which the Republic of India annexed ', the then Portuguese Indian territories of Goa, Daman and Diu, starting with the armed action carried out by the Indian Armed Forces in December 1961. In India, this action is referred to as the "Liberation of Goa". In Portugal, it is referred to as the "Invasion of Goa". Jawaharlal Nehru had hoped that the popular movement in Goa and the pressure of world public opinion would force the Portuguese Goan authorities to grant it independence but since it did not have any effect, he decided to take it by force. The "armed action" was code named Operation Vijay (meaning "Victory" in Sanskrit) by the Indian Armed Forces. It involved air, sea and land strikes for over 36 hours, and was a decisive victory for India, ending 451 years of rule by Portugal over its remaining exclaves in India. The engagement lasted two days, and twenty-two Indians and thirty Portuguese were killed in the fighting. The bri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Passport
An Indian passport is a passport issued by the Ministry of External Affairs of the Republic of India to Indian citizens for the purpose of international travel. It enables the bearer to travel internationally and serves as proof of Indian citizenship as per the Passports Act (1967). The Passport Seva (Passport Service) unit of the Consular, Passport & Visa (CPV) Division of the Ministry of External Affairs functions as the issuing authority and is responsible for issuing Indian passports on application to all eligible Indian citizens. Indian passports are issued at 93 passport offices located across India and at 197 Indian diplomatic missions abroad. In 2015, India issued about 12 million passports, ranking third only after China and the United States of America. Approximately 65 million Indians held valid passports . As of 12th December 2022, only 7.2 percent (approximately 96 million) of the total Indian citizens possessed a valid passport with Kerala having the highest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Gardner (British Politician)
Sir Edward Lucas Gardner, Queen's Counsel, QC (10 May 1912 – 2 August 2001) was a barrister and United Kingdom, British Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party politician. Upon his death, ''The Guardian'' referred to him as 'the last of the pre-war-style Conservative QC-MPs'. Life and family Gardner was born in Preston, Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire on 10 May 1912 and was educated at Hutton Grammar School. After leaving education he initially worked as a journalist. Gardner married Nina Collins in 1950 (having one son, one daughter) but was divorced in 1962. Then in 1963, he married Joan Belcher (also having one son, one daughter); this second marriage lasting until Joan's death in 1999. Gardner died in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire on 2 August 2001 aged 89. Military career Gardner served in the Royal Navy during the Second World War, surviving the sinking of two ships. In 1945 he was appointed a Commander in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, RNVR and Chief of Nava ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of India
The Supreme Court of India (IAST: ) is the supreme judicial authority of India and is the highest court of the Republic of India under the constitution. It is the most senior constitutional court, has the final decision in all legal matters except for personal laws and interstate river disputes, and also has the power of judicial review. The Chief Justice of India is the Head and Chief Judge of the Supreme Court, which consists of a maximum of 34 judges, and has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions. New judges here are uniquely nominated by existing judges and other branches of government have neglible say as the court follows collegium system for appointments. As the apex and most powerful constitutional court in India, it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the High Courts of various states of the Union and other courts and tribunals. It is required to safeguard the fundamental rights of citizens and settles disput ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy See
The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome, which has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the Catholic Church and the sovereign city-state known as the Vatican City. According to Catholic tradition it was founded in the first century by Saints Peter and Paul and, by virtue of Petrine and papal primacy, is the focal point of full communion for Catholic Christians around the world. As a sovereign entity, the Holy See is headquartered in, operates from, and exercises "exclusive dominion" over the independent Vatican City State enclave in Rome, of which the pope is sovereign. The Holy See is administered by the Roman Curia (Latin for "Roman Court"), which is the central government of the Catholic Church. The Roman Curia includes various dicasteries, comparable to ministries and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telo Mascarenhas
Telo de Mascarenhas (born 23 March 1899 at Mormugao Harbour, Goa 1899, died 1979) was a writer, a poet, a journalist and freedom-fighter from Goa. Biography In 1920 he travelled to Portugal to study, graduating in law from the University of Coimbra in 1930 (where he was taught by Salazar amongst others). During this period he founded Lisbon's Centro Nacionalista Hindu (in 1926) and the periodical '' Índia Nova'' (alongside Adeodato Barreto and other émigré Goan intellectuals). Through the 1930s and 1940s, Mascerenhas worked in the Portuguese judicial system, first in the Algarve and then in the Alentejo. After India's independence from Britain in 1948, Mascerenhas returned to the Subcontinent and actively participated in Goa Liberation Movement. Although he spent some time in Goa, he was forced into exile and spent the years 1950-58 in Bombay. During his years of exile in Bombay, he published clandestinely ''Ressurge Goa'', a political newspaper from 1950 to 1959. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peniche Fortress
The Peniche Fortress is located in the municipality of Peniche in Leiria District, Portugal. Built on the site of the former Castle of Atouguia da Baleia, of which only a few vestiges remain, initial construction took place in 1557 and 1558 but there have been numerous subsequent modifications. Its defensive walls surround an area of two hectares, divided into upper and lower parts. The fortress has served a number of functions including that of a political prison during the authoritarian Estado Novo regime. History Until the Middle Ages, Peniche was an island. However, siltation of the channel between the island and the community of Atouguia on the mainland, caused by sea currents and winds, eventually led to the sea being replaced by sand dunes, with Peniche becoming a peninsula. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries the area was the target of attacks by English, French and Barbary pirates, to which King Manuel I initially responded by installing four armed ships in Penic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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