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Chassigny (meteorite)
Chassigny is a Martian meteorite which fell on October 3, 1815, at approximately 8:00 am, in Chassigny, north-eastern France.Pistollet (1816) The circumstances of the Chassigny meteorite shower. Ann. Chim. Phys. (Paris) v. 1, pg 45-48. Chassigny is the meteorite for which the chassignites are named, and gives rise to the "C" in the name of the SNC group of meteorites. Chassigny is an olivine cumulate rock (dunite). It consists almost entirely of olivine with intercumulus pyroxene, feldspar, and oxides. It was the only known chassignite until NWA2737 was found in the Moroccan Sahara in northwest Africa. Chassigny is particularly important because, unlike most SNCs, its noble gas composition differs from that in the current Martian atmosphere. These differences are presumably due to its cumulate (mantle-derived) nature. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achondrite
An achondrite is a stony meteorite that does not contain chondrules. It consists of material similar to terrestrial basalts or plutonic rocks and has been differentiated and reprocessed to a lesser or greater degree due to melting and recrystallization on or within meteorite parent bodies. As a result, achondrites have distinct textures and mineralogies indicative of igneous processes. Achondrites account for about 8% of meteorites overall, and the majority (about two-thirds) of them are HED meteorites, possibly originating from the crust of asteroid 4 Vesta. Other types include Martian, Lunar, and several types thought to originate from as-yet unidentified asteroids. These groups have been determined on the basis of e.g. the Fe/ Mn chemical ratio and the 17O/18O oxygen isotope ratios, thought to be characteristic "fingerprints" for each parent body. Classification Achondrites are classified into the following groups:O. Richard Norton. The Cambridge encyclopedia of meteorit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feldspar
Feldspars are a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, also containing other cations such as sodium, calcium, potassium, or barium. The most common members of the feldspar group are the ''plagioclase'' (sodium-calcium) feldspars and the ''alkali'' (potassium-sodium) feldspars. Feldspars make up about 60% of the Earth's crust, and 41% of the Earth's continental crust by weight. Feldspars crystalize from magma as both intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks and are also present in many types of metamorphic rock. Rock formed almost entirely of calcic plagioclase feldspar is known as anorthosite. Feldspars are also found in many types of sedimentary rocks. Compositions The feldspar group of minerals consists of tectosilicates, silicate minerals in which silicon ions are linked by shared oxygen ions to form a three-dimensional network. Compositions of major elements in common feldspars can be expressed in terms of three endmembers: * potassium feldspar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1815 In Science
The year 1815 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy and space science * October 3 – The Chassigny Martian meteorite falls in Chassigny, Haute-Marne, France. Biology * Jean-Baptiste Lamarck begins publication of ''Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres''. Chemistry * William Prout anonymously publishes his hypothesis that the atomic weight of every element is an integer multiple of that of hydrogen. * Dutch chemist Coenraad van Houten introduces alkaline salts to chocolate to reduce its bitterness. Earth sciences * April 5 – Volcanic eruption of Mount Tambora on the Indonesian island of Sumbawa. About 92,000 people die as a direct consequence of this disaster, the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The eruption sends so much volcanic ash into the atmosphere that weather patterns around the world are altered, causing 1816 to be the "Year Without A Summer". * August 1 – William Smith publishes the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haute-Marne
Haute-Marne (; English: Upper Marne) is a department in the Grand Est region of Northeastern France. Named after the river Marne, its prefecture is Chaumont. In 2019, it had a population of 172,512.Populations légales 2019: 52 Haute-Marne INSEE History Haute-Marne is one of the original 83 departments created during the on March 4, 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Champagne,[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1815 In France
Events from the year 1815 in France. Incumbents *Monarch – ** Abdicated 20 March: Louis XVIII ** 20 March – 22 June: Napoleon I ** 22 June – 7 July: Napoleon II ** Starting 8 July: Louis XVIII *Prime Minister – ** 9 July – 26 September: Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord ** Starting 26 September: Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu Events *3 January - Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia. *26 February - Napoleon escaped from Elba. *1 March - Napoleon lands at Antibes. *20 March - Napoleon arrives back in Paris, ending the First Restoration of Louis XVIII of France. *22 April - Constitutional Referendum held. *22 April - Charter of 1815 signed bringing in a new French constitution. *1 May - Explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville marries Adèle Dumont D'Urville (née Pepin) in Toulon. *16 June - Battle of Quatre Bras, inconclusive result. *16 June - Battle of Ligny, Fren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martian Meteorites
A Martian meteorite is a rock that formed on Mars, was ejected from the planet by an impact event, and traversed interplanetary space before landing on Earth as a meteorite. , 277 meteorites had been classified as Martian, less than half a percent of the 72,000 meteorites that have been classified. The largest complete, uncut Martian meteorite, Taoudenni 002, was recovered in Mali in early 2021. It weighs 14.5 kilograms (32 pounds) and is on display at the Maine Mineral & Gem Museum. There are three groups of Martian meteorite: shergottites, nakhlites and chassignites, collectively known as SNC meteorites. Several other Martian meteorites are ungrouped. These meteorites are interpreted as Martian because they have elemental and isotopic compositions that are similar to rocks and atmospheric gases on Mars, which have been measured by orbiting spacecraft, surface landers and rovers. The term does not include meteorites found on Mars, such as Heat Shield Rock. History By ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meteorite Falls
A meteorite fall, also called an observed fall, is a meteorite collected after its fall from outer space was observed by people or automated devices. Any other meteorite is called a " find". There are more than 1,100 documented falls listed in widely used databases, most of which have specimens in modern collections. , the Meteoritical Bulletin Database had 1211 confirmed falls. Importance Observed meteorite falls are important for several reasons. Material from observed falls has not been subjected to terrestrial weathering, making the find a better candidate for scientific study. Historically, observed falls were the most compelling evidence supporting the extraterrestrial origin of meteorites. Furthermore, observed fall discoveries are a better representative sample of the types of meteorites which fall to Earth. For example, iron meteorites take much longer to weather and are easier to identify as unusual objects, as compared to other types. This may explain the increa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossary Of Meteoritics
This is a glossary of terms used in meteoritics, the science of meteorites. # * 2 Pallas – an asteroid from the asteroid belt and one of the likely parent bodies of the CR meteorites. * 4 Vesta – second-largest asteroid in the asteroid belt and likely source of the HED meteorites. * 221 Eos – an asteroid from the asteroid belt and one of the likely parent bodies of the CO meteorites. * 289 Nenetta – an asteroid from the asteroid belt and one of the likely parent bodies of the angrites. * 3103 Eger – an asteroid from the asteroid belt and one of the likely parent bodies of the aubrites. * 3819 Robinson – an asteroid from the asteroid belt and one of the likely parent bodies of the angrites. * IA meteorite – an iron meteorite group now part of the IAB group/complex. * IAB meteorite – an iron meteorite and primitive achondrite of the IAB group/complex. * IB meteorite – an iron meteorite group now part of the IAB group/complex. * IC meteorite – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atmosphere Of Mars
The atmosphere of Mars is the layer of gases surrounding Mars. It is primarily composed of carbon dioxide (95%), molecular nitrogen (2.8%), and argon (2%). It also contains trace levels of water vapor, oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and noble gases. The atmosphere of Mars is much thinner than Earth's. The average surface pressure is only about which is less than 1% of the Earth's value. The currently thin Martian atmosphere prohibits the existence of liquid water on the surface of Mars, but many studies suggest that the Martian atmosphere was much thicker in the past. The higher density during spring and fall is reduced by 25% during the winter when carbon dioxide partly freezes at the pole caps. The highest atmospheric density on Mars is equal to the density found above the Earth's surface and is ≈0.020 kg/m3. The atmosphere of Mars has been losing mass to space since the planet's core slowed down, and the leakage of gases still continues today. The atmosphere o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noble Gas
The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity. The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn). Oganesson (Og) is a synthetically produced highly radioactive element. Although IUPAC has used the term "noble gas" interchangeably with "group 18" and thus included oganesson, it may not be significantly chemically noble and is predicted to break the trend and be reactive due to relativistic effects. Because of the extremely short 0.7 ms half-life of its only known isotope, its chemistry has not yet been investigated. For the first six periods of the periodic table, the noble gases are exactly the members of group 18. Noble gases are typically highly unreactive excep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chassigny Meteorite
Chassigny is a Martian meteorite which fell on October 3, 1815, at approximately 8:00 am, in Chassigny, north-eastern France.Pistollet (1816) The circumstances of the Chassigny meteorite shower. Ann. Chim. Phys. (Paris) v. 1, pg 45-48. Chassigny is the meteorite for which the chassignites are named, and gives rise to the "C" in the name of the SNC group of meteorites. Chassigny is an olivine cumulate rock (dunite). It consists almost entirely of olivine with intercumulus pyroxene, feldspar, and oxides. It was the only known chassignite until NWA2737 was found in the Moroccan Sahara in northwest Africa. Chassigny is particularly important because, unlike most SNCs, its noble gas composition differs from that in the current Martian atmosphere. These differences are presumably due to its cumulate (mantle-derived) nature. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyroxene
The pyroxenes (commonly abbreviated to ''Px'') are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks. Pyroxenes have the general formula , where X represents calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe II) or magnesium (Mg) and more rarely zinc, manganese or lithium, and Y represents ions of smaller size, such as chromium (Cr), aluminium (Al), magnesium (Mg), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V) or even iron (Fe II) or (Fe III). Although aluminium substitutes extensively for silicon in silicates such as feldspars and amphiboles, the substitution occurs only to a limited extent in most pyroxenes. They share a common structure consisting of single chains of silica tetrahedra. Pyroxenes that crystallize in the monoclinic system are known as clinopyroxenes and those that crystallize in the orthorhombic system are known as orthopyroxenes. The name ''pyroxene'' is derived from the Ancient Greek words for 'fire' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
