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Chalawan (reptile)
''Chalawan'' (from ) is an extinct genus of pholidosaurid mesoeucrocodylian known from the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous Phu Kradung Formation of Nong Bua Lamphu Province, northeastern Thailand. It contains a single species, ''Chalawan thailandicus'', with ''Chalawan shartegensis'' as a possible second species. Discovery and naming The first fossil of ''Chalawan'' was a nearly complete lower jaw collected in the early 1980s from a road-cut near the town of Nong Bua Lamphu, in the upper part of the Phu Kradung Formation. This mandible was at first known from the posterior portion of the bone, described and named by Eric Buffetaut and Rucha Ingavat in 1980 as a new species of the goniopholidid ''Sunosuchus'', ''Sunosuchus thailandicus''. Shortly afterwards more material of the same specimen was found and described. In the early 2000s another locality of the Phu Kradung Formation was discovered near the village of Kham Phok, Mukdahan Province, yielding amongst other remains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third Epoch (geology), epoch of the Jurassic Period, and it spans the geologic time scale, geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.8 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic stratum, strata.Owen 1987. In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, ''Malm'' was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units. Subdivisions The Late Jurassic is divided into three ages, which correspond with the three (faunal) stages of Upper Jurassic rock: Paleogeography During the Late Jurassic Epoch, Pangaea broke up into two supercontinents, Laurasia to the north, and Gondwana to the south. The result of this break-up was the emergence of the Atlantic Ocean, which initially was relatively narrow. Life forms This epoch is well known for many famous types of d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pholidosauridae
Pholidosauridae is an extinct family of aquatic neosuchian mesoeucrocodylian crocodylomorphs. Fossils have been found in Europe (Denmark, England, France, Germany, Spain and Sweden), Africa (Algeria, Niger, Mali, Morocco and Tunisia), North America (Canada and the United States) and South America (Brazil and Uruguay). The pholidosaurids first appeared in the fossil record during the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic. Jouve & Jalil (2020) described postcranial material of a pholidosaurid from the Paleocene (Danian) of Ouled Abdoun Basin (Morocco), representing the most recent record of the family. The authors also reinterpreted putative Maastrichtian dyrosaurid '' Sabinosuchus'' as a pholidosaurid, and argued that at least two independent pholidosaurid lineages reached the Maastrichtian, among which one survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Before the publication of this study it was thought that the family became extinct during the Late Turonian stage of the L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabinosuchus
''Sabinosuchus'' (meaning " Sabinas crocodile") is a genus of Mesoeucrocodylian, from the Maastrichtian Escondido Formation of Coahuila, Mexico, with ''Sabinosuchus coahuilensis'' as the type species. First described as a putative dyrosaurid by Shiller II ''et al.'' (2016), it was later recovered as a pholidosaurid by Jouve & Jalil (2020). History and naming ''Sabinosuchus'' was discovered by amateur paleontologist of the Palaeontologos Aficionados de Sabinas A.C. (PASAC) in 2002 in Mexico. All fossils of Sabinosuchus found by the team stem from the Maastrichtian Escondido Formation, although earlier reports wrongfully believed them to stem from the underlying Olmos Formation. The material collected constitutes two individuals known from fragmentary remains that were later reassembled. Due to this the material was catalogued under several specimen numbers. The holotype material was initially catalogued as specimens PAS 945 to PAS 949 and PAS 952 once reassembled to form an almo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woodbinesuchus
''Woodbinesuchus'' (meaning "Woodbine Formation crocodile") is an extinct genus of goniopholidid mesoeucrocodylian. Its fossils have been recovered from the Cenomanian-age Upper Cretaceous Woodbine Formation of Texas. Crocodyliformes, Crocodyliform fossils are widespread in the formation. The holotype, type specimen of ''Woodbinesuchus'', Southern Methodist University, SMU 74626, came from near the base of the formation in Tarrant County, Texas, Tarrant County. It was found by Johnny Allen Byers (Ted & Mary's favorite boy) and J. Maurice in May 1990. The specimen includes the lower jaw and a variety of postcranial elements, such as vertebrae, limb bones, pectoral girdle, shoulder and pelvis, hip bones, and osteoderm, bony armor. The lower jaw was elongate and slender, with the two halves joined from the tip to the sixteenth teeth, and there was no mandibular fenestra. Yuong–Nam Lee named ''Woodbinesuchus'' in 1997, naming the type species ''W. byersmauricei'' to honor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pholidosaurus
''Pholidosaurus'' is an extinct genus of neosuchian crocodylomorph. It is the type genus of the family Pholidosauridae. Fossils have been found in northwestern Germany. The genus is known to have existed during the Berriasian-Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Fossil material found from the Annero and Jydegård Formations in Skåne, Sweden and on the island of Bornholm, Denmark, have been referred to as a mesoeucrocodylian, and possibly represent the genus ''Pholidosaurus''. Description An early description of the genus by Lydekker (1888) mentioned that the orbit is slightly smaller than the supratemporal fossa, the nasals reach the premaxillae, and the vomer appears on the palate. It is similar in appearance to and about as large as the modern gharial. Species The type species of ''Pholidosaurus'' is ''P. schaumburgensis'', named in 1841 from the Wealden of Bückeburg, Germany. ''P. schaumburgensis'' was named on the basis of a natural mold of part of a thorax discovere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meridiosaurus
''Meridiosaurus'' is an extinct genus of mesoeucrocodylian that is a possible member of the family Pholidosauridae. Remains have been found in the Late Jurassic Tacuarembó Formation in Tacuarembó, Uruguay. The genus was described in 1980 on the basis of a partial rostrum that included the premaxillae and most of the maxillae. The assignment to Pholidosauridae is considered doubtful by some authors, but a 2011 redescription and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the pholidosaurid classification of ''Meridiosaurus''.Fortier, D., Perea, D. and Schultz, C. (2011), Redescription and phylogenetic relationships of Meridiosaurus vallisparadisi, a pholidosaurid from the Late Jurassic of Uruguay. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 163: S257–S272. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00722.x References Further reading * A. Mones. 1980. Nuevos elementos de la paleoherpetofauna del Uruguay (Crocodilia y Dinosauria) ew elements of the paleoherpetofauna of Uruguay (Crocodilia and Dinosaur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palynology
Palynology is the study of microorganisms and microscopic fragments of mega-organisms that are composed of acid-resistant organic material and occur in sediments, sedimentary rocks, and even some metasedimentary rocks. Palynomorphs are the microscopic, acid-resistant organic remains and debris produced by a wide variety of plants, animals, and Protista that have existed since the late Proterozoic.Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson, eds., 2005, ''Glossary of Geology'' (5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute. 779 pp. It is the science that studies contemporary and fossil palynomorphs (paleopalynology), including pollen, spores, orbicules, dinocysts, acritarchs, chitinozoans and scolecodonts, together with particulate organic matter (POM) and kerogen found in sedimentary rocks and sediments. Palynology does not include diatoms, foraminiferans or other organisms with siliceous or calcareous tests. The name of the science and o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diastema
A diastema (: diastemata, from Greek , 'space') is a space or gap between two teeth. Many species of mammals have diastemata as a normal feature, most commonly between the incisors and molars. More colloquially, the condition may be referred to as gap teeth or tooth gap. In humans, the term is most commonly applied to an open space between the upper incisors (front teeth). It happens when there is an unequal relationship between the size of the teeth and the jaw. Diastemata are common for children and can exist in adult teeth as well. In humans Causes 1. Oversized Labial Frenulum: Diastema is sometimes caused or exacerbated by the action of a labial frenulum (the tissue connecting the lip to the gum), causing high mucosal attachment and less attached keratinized tissue. This is more prone to recession or by tongue thrusting, which can push the teeth apart. 2. Periodontal Disease: Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, can result in bone loss that supports the teet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceanosuchus
''Oceanosuchus'' is a genus of pholidosaurid mesoeucrocodylian, a type of marine crocodylomorph. It is known from a skull and partial skeleton found in early Cenomanian-age rocks from Normandy, France. The rostrum of the skull was relatively short compared to other pholidosaurids. ''Oceanosuchus'' was described in 2007 by Hua and colleagues. The type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ... is ''O. boecensis''. References Late Cretaceous crocodylomorphs of Europe Late Cretaceous reptiles of Europe Tethysuchia Fossil taxa described in 2007 Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera {{paleo-archosaur-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terminonaris
''Terminonaris'' is a genus of extinct pholidosaurid crocodyliforms that lived during the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian and TuronianWu X-C, Russell AP, & Cumbaa SL. 2001. ''Terminonaris'' (Archosauria: Crocodyliformes): new material from Saskatchewan, Canada, and comments on its phylogenetic relationships. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 21(3):492-514.Shimada, K., and Parris, D.C., 2007. A long-snouted Late Cretaceous crocodyliform, ''Terminonaris'' cf. ''T. browni'', from the Carlile Shale (Turonian) of Kansas. ''Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science'' 110(1):107-115.) epoch. The name means: ''“enlarged snout or nose”'' at the front of the skull. ''Terminonaris'' is an early crocodile, within a subgroup called Mesoeucrocodylia. Its remains have only been found in North America and Europe. Originally known under the generic name ''Teleorhinus'', it was once believed to be a teleosaurid (a family of marine gavial-like thalattosuchians). Both prehistoric crocodiles s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diamond
Diamond is a Allotropes of carbon, solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Diamond is tasteless, odourless, strong, brittle solid, colourless in pure form, a poor conductor of electricity, and insoluble in water. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the Chemical stability, chemically stable form of carbon at Standard temperature and pressure, room temperature and pressure, but diamond is metastable and converts to it at a negligible rate under those conditions. Diamond has the highest Scratch hardness, hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural material, properties that are used in major industrial applications such as cutting and polishing tools. Because the arrangement of atoms in diamond is extremely rigid, few types of impurity can contaminate it (two exceptions are boron and nitrogen). Small numbers of lattice defect, defects or impurities (about one per million of lattice atoms) can color ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crocodile
Crocodiles (family (biology), family Crocodylidae) or true crocodiles are large, semiaquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia. The term "crocodile" is sometimes used more loosely to include all extant taxon, extant members of the order (biology), order Crocodilia, which includes the alligators and caimans (both members of the family Alligatoridae), the gharial and false gharial (both members of the family Gavialidae) as well as other extinct Taxon, taxa. Crocodile Measurement, size, Morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour and ecology differ among species. However, they have many similarities in these areas as well. All crocodiles are semiaquatic and tend to congregate in freshwater habitats such as rivers, lakes, wetlands and sometimes in brackish water and Seawater, saltwater. They are carnivorous animals, feeding mostly on vertebrates such as fish, reptiles, birds and mammals, and sometimes on invertebrates such as mol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
