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Cerro Bandera Formation
The Cerro Bandera Formation is a geological formation in Neuquén Province, Argentina, in northern Patagonia, which dates to the Early Miocene, around 21 to 17.5 million years ago. It predominantly consists of pyroclastic deposits, which were deposited in a semi-arid environment. It is divided up into a number of members. The diverse fauna of the Cerro Bandera Formation include a variety of turtles and birds, also includes many mammals such as South American native ungulates ( notoungulates, litopterns, astrapotheres) as well as armadillos, and caviomorph rodents. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License The Cerro Bandera Formation comprises a series of isolated outcrops that represent the relicts of an old alluvial filling developed on small local valleys. It is composed of a succession of reworked pyroclastic deposits alternating with primary pyroclastic and scant sandstone levels. These deposits ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Aquitanian (stage)
The Aquitanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geologic timescale, the oldest age or lowest stage in the Miocene. It spans the time between 23.03 Ma and 20.44 Ma (million years ago) during the Early Miocene. It was a dry, cooling period. The Aquitanian succeeds the Chattian (the youngest age of the Oligocene) and precedes the Burdigalian. The Aquitanian Age overlaps with the Harrisonian, Agenian, Pareora, Landon, Otaian, and Waitakian Ages from various regional timescales. Stratigraphic definition The Aquitanian Stage was named after the Aquitaine region in France and was introduced in scientific literature by Swiss stratigrapher Karl Mayer-Eymar in 1858. The base of the Aquitanian (also the base of the Miocene Series and the Neogene System) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic column at the first appearance of foram species '' Paragloborotalia kugleri'', the extinction of calcareous nanoplankton species '' Reticulofenestra bisect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Litopterna
Litopterna (from "smooth heel") is an extinction, extinct order of South American native ungulates that lived from the Paleocene to the Pleistocene-Holocene around 62.5 million to 12,000 years ago (or possibly as late as 3,500 years ago), and were also present in Antarctica during the Eocene. They represent the second most diverse group of South American ungulates after Notoungulata. It is divided into nine families, with Proterotheriidae and Macraucheniidae being the most diverse and last surviving families. Diversity The body forms of many litopterns, notably in the limb and skull structure, are broadly similar to those of living ungulates, unlike other South American native ungulate groups, which are often strongly divergent from living ungulates. Paleocene and Eocene litopterns generally had small body masses, with ''Protolipterna'' (Protolipternidae) estimated to have had a body mass of , though the Eocene Sparnotheriodontidae, sparnotheriodontids were considerably large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Santacrucian
The Santacrucian age is a period of geologic time (17.5 – 16.3 Mya (unit), Ma) within the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically with South American land mammal age, SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Colhuehuapian and precedes the Friasian age. Etymology The age is named after the Santa Cruz Formation in the Magallanes Basin, Austral/Magallanes Basin of southern Patagonia, Argentina and Chile. Formations Fossils References Bibliography ;Santa Cruz Formation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ;Aisol Formation * * ;Cantaure Formation * ;Castillo Formation * * * * * ;Cerro Boleadores Formation * ;Chaguaramas Formation * ;Chilcatay Formation * * * * ;Cura-Mallín Group * * * ;Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation * ;Jimol Formation * * * * * * * * ;Mariño Formation * * * * * ;Pinturas Formation * * ;Río Yuca Formation * {{SALMA Santacrucian, Miocene South America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Protypotherium
''Protypotherium'' is an extinct genus of Notoungulata, notoungulate mammals native to South America during the Oligocene and Miocene epoch (geology), epochs. A number of closely related animals date back further, to the Eocene. Fossils of ''Protypotherium'' have been found in the Deseadan Fray Bentos Formation of Uruguay, Muyu Huasi Formation, Muyu Huasi and Nazareno Formations of Bolivia, Cura-Mallín Formation, Cura-Mallín and Río Frías Formations of Chile, and Santa Cruz Formation, Santa Cruz, Salicas Formation, Salicas, Ituzaingó Formation, Ituzaingó, Aisol Formation, Aisol, Cerro Azul Formation, Cerro Azul, Cerro Bandera Formation, Cerro Bandera, Cerro Boleadoras Formation, Cerro Boleadoras, Chichinales Formation, Chichinales, Sarmiento Formation, Sarmiento and Collón Curá Formations of Argentina. The taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of the genus and the species within has a long and complicated history. Other genera of interatheriids such as ''Epipatriarchus'', ''Eudiast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Proadinotherium
''Proadinotherium'' is an extinct genus of Toxodontidae, toxodontid. It lived between the Late Oligocene and the Early Miocene in what is now South America. Description This genus is only known from very partial remains. From the comparison with its relatives ''Adinotherium'' and ''Nesodon'', it is supposed that ''Adinotherium'' was an herbivorous animal the size of a sheep, with an elongated body and rather short legs ; it was probably more slender-built than the two latter forms. The legs, in particular, had more delicate and slender bones than those of ''Adinotherium'' and ''Nesodon''. ''Proadinotherium'' was characterized by its teeth with a lower crown, less hypsodont than those of ''Adinotherium'', but evocating more derived toxodontids. Its dentition was complete with a complex structure, and the development of a crest on the molars. Classification ''Proadinotherium'' is considered to be the most basal and oldest member of the Toxodontidae, the most specialized group of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Cramauchenia
''Cramauchenia'' is an extinct genus of litoptern South American ungulate. ''Cramauchenia'' was named by Florentino Ameghino. The name has no literal translation. Instead, it is an anagram of the name of a related genus ''Macrauchenia''. This genus was initially discovered in the Sarmiento Formation in the Chubut Province, in Argentina, and later it was found in the Chichinales Formation in the Río Negro Province and the Cerro Bandera Formation in Neuquén, also in Argentina, in sediments assigned to the SALMA Colhuehuapian (in the Early Miocene), as well as the Agua de la Piedra Formation in Mendoza, in sediments dated to the Deseadan (during the Late Oligocene). In 1981 Soria made ''C. insolita'' a junior synonym of ''C. normalis''. A specimen of ''C. normalis'' was described in 2010 from Cabeza Blanca (Chubut, Argentina) in the Sarmiento Formation, in sediments assigned to the Deseadan SALMA (Upper Oligocene). Description This animal had an appearance vaguely similar to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Falconidae
The falcons and caracaras are around 65 species of Diurnality, diurnal birds of prey that make up the family Falconidae (representing all extant species in the order (biology), order Falconiformes). The family likely originated in South America during the Paleocene and is divided into three subfamilies: Herpetotherinae, which includes the laughing falcon and forest falcons; Polyborinae, which includes the spot-winged falconet and the Caracara (subfamily), caracaras; and Falconinae, the falcons and kestrels (''Falco'') and falconets (''Microhierax''). Description Falcons and caracaras are small to medium-sized birds of prey, ranging in size from the black-thighed falconet, which can weigh as little as , to the gyrfalcon, which can weigh as much as . They have strongly hooked bills, sharply curved talons and excellent eyesight. The plumage is usually composed of browns, whites, chestnut, black and grey, often with barring of patterning. There is little difference in the plumage of m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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CC-BY Icon
A Creative Commons (CC) license is one of several public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted "work". A CC license is used when an author wants to give other people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that the author has created. CC provides an author flexibility (for example, they might choose to allow only non-commercial uses of a given work) and protects the people who use or redistribute an author's work from concerns of copyright infringement as long as they abide by the conditions that are specified in the license by which the author distributes the work. There are several types of Creative Commons licenses. Each license differs by several combinations that condition the terms of distribution. They were initially released on December 16, 2002, by Creative Commons, a U.S. non-profit corporation founded in 2001. There have also been five versions of the suite of licenses, numbered 1.0 through 4.0. Released in November ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Andean Geology
''Andean Geology'' (formerly ''Revista Geológica de Chile'') is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published three times per year by the National Geology and Mining Service, Chile's geology and mining agency. The journal covers the field of geology and related earth sciences, primarily on issues that are relevant to South America, Central America, and Antarctica with a particular focus on the Andes. The journal was established in 1974 and articles are published in English and Spanish. The editor-in-chief is Daniel Bertin (National Geology and Mining Service). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2021 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 2.368. Reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |