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Ceriantipatharia
Ceriantipatharia is a deprecated order of corals within the class Hexacorallia, although it was initially considered as a subclass in older taxonomies. It was split and it is now replaced by its previous two constituent orders, Ceriantharia (tube-dwelling anemones) and Antipatharia (black corals). History and importance as a subclass (now an order) of Hexacorallia Since its definition by Édouard Van Beneden, in 1897, until its deprecation , it remained an important taxon due to its high rank (subclass) in the taxonomy of Cnidaria, profusely cited in the scientific bibliography and studied by scientists like the paleontologists Dorothy Hill and John W. Wells, and the marine biologist J. E. N. Veron, among many others. Van Beneden considered that the similarities in morphology between the larva of the cerianthids (which he called ''cerinula'', portmanteau of ''ceri''anthid and pla''nula'') and the antipatharian polyp were the main reason for separating the orders Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthozoa
Anthozoa is one of the three subphyla of Cnidaria, along with Medusozoa and Endocnidozoa. It includes Sessility (motility), sessile marine invertebrates and invertebrates of brackish water, such as sea anemones, Scleractinia, stony corals, soft corals and sea pens. Almost all adult anthozoans are attached to the seabed, while their larvae can disperse as plankton. The basic unit of the adult is the polyp (zoology), polyp, an individual animal consisting of a cylindrical column topped by a disc with a central mouth surrounded by tentacles. Sea anemones are mostly solitary, but the majority of corals are colony (biology), colonial, being formed by the budding of new polyps from an original, founding individual. Colonies of stony corals are strengthened by mainly aragonite and other materials, and can take various massive, plate-like, bushy or leafy forms. Members of Anthozoa possess cnidocytes, a feature shared among other cnidarians such as the jellyfish, box jellyfish, box jellies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceriantharia
Tube-dwelling anemones or ceriantharians look very similar to sea anemones but belong to an entirely different order of anthozoans. They are solitary, living buried in soft sediments. Tube anemones live inside and can withdraw into tubes, which are composed of a fibrous material made from secreted mucus and threads of nematocyst-like organelles known as ptychocysts. Within the tubes of these ceriantharians, more than one polyp is present, which is an exceptional trait because species that create tube systems usually contain only one polyp per tube. Ceriantharians were formerly classified in the taxon Ceriantipatharia along with the black corals but have since been moved to their own order, Ceriantharia. Ceriantharians have a crown of tentacles that are composed of two whorls of distinctly different-sized tentacles. The outer whorl consists of large tentacles that extend outwards. These tentacles taper to points and are mostly used in food capture and defense. The smaller inn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antipatharia
Antipatharians, also known as black corals or thorn corals, are an order of soft deep-water corals. These corals can be recognized by their jet-black or dark brown chitin skeletons, which are surrounded by their colored polyps (part of coral that is alive). Antipatharians are a cosmopolitan order, existing in nearly every oceanic location and depth, with the sole exception of brackish waters. However, they are most frequently found on continental slopes under deep. A black coral reproduces both sexually and asexually throughout its lifetime. Many black corals provide housing, shelter, food, and protection for other animals. Black corals were originally classified in the order Ceriantipatharia along with ceriantharians (tube-dwelling anemones), but were later reclassified under Hexacorallia. Though they have historically been used by Pacific Islanders for medical treatment and in rituals, its only modern use is making jewelry. Black corals have been declining in numbers and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexacorallia
Hexacorallia is a Class (biology), class of Anthozoa comprising approximately 4,300 species of aquatic organisms formed of polyp (zoology), polyps, generally with 6-fold symmetry. It includes all of the stony corals, most of which are Colony (biology), colonial and reef-forming, as well as all sea anemones, and zoanthids, arranged within five extant Order (biology), orders. The hexacorallia are distinguished from another class of Anthozoa, Octocorallia, in having six or fewer axes of symmetry in their body structure; the tentacles are simple and unbranched and normally number more than eight. These organisms are formed of individual soft polyps which in some species live in colonies and can secrete a calcite skeleton. As with all Cnidarians, these organisms have a complex life cycle including a motile planktonic phase and a later characteristic Sessility (zoology), sessile phase. Hexacorallia also include the significant extinct order of rugose corals. Phylogeny Hexacorallia is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorothy Hill
Dorothy Hill, (10 September 1907 – 23 April 1997) was an Australian geologist and palaeontologist, the first female professor at an Australian university, and the first female president of the Australian Academy of Science. Education Dorothy Hill was born in Taringa, the third of 7 children, and grew up in Coorparoo in Brisbane. She attended Coorparoo State School, and then won a scholarship to attend Brisbane Girls Grammar School. She received the Lady Lilley Gold Medal, and the Phyllis Hobbs Memorial Prize in English and History, in 1924. Hill was an enthusiastic sportswoman, who pursued athletics and netball at high school, and was an accomplished horsewoman at home. At the University of Queensland, she participated in hurdles, running, hockey and rowing. She played on the University of Queensland, Queensland state and Australian universities hockey teams. While at Cambridge University, she took a pilot's licence. Following high school, she considered studying medici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetics, phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thilo Krumbach
Thilo is a masculine name of Germanic origin. Notable people called Thilo include: Given name: *Thilo Berg (born 1959), German drummer who led a big band in the 1980s *Thilo Bode (born 1947), the founder and International Director of Foodwatch, formerly CEO of Greenpeace *Thilo Heinzmann (born 1969), German painter *Thilo Hermann (born 1964), German heavy metal guitarist and songwriter *Thilo Irmisch (1816–1879), 19th-century German botanist *Thilo Kehrer (born 1996), German professional footballer * Thilo Leugers (born 1991), German former professional footballer * Thilo Maatsch (born 1900), German artist and an exponent of abstract art, constructivism, and concrete art * Thilo Marauhn (born 1963), German expert on international law *Thilo Martinho (born 1960), German musician, singer, guitarist, and songwriter *Thilo Sarrazin (born 1945), German politician and former member of the SPD *Thilo Sauter, director of the Research Unit for Integrated Sensor Systems, Austria * Thilo C. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesentery (zoology)
In zoology, a mesentery is a membrane inside the body cavity of an animal. The term identifies different structures in different phylum, phyla: in vertebrates it is a double fold of the peritoneum enclosing the intestines; in other organisms it forms complete or incomplete partitions of the body cavity, whether that is the coelom or, as in the Anthozoa, the gastrovascular cavity. The word "mesentery" is derived from the Greek ''mesos'', "in the middle" and ''enteron'', an "intestine". Vertebrates In vertebrates, a mesentery is a membrane consisting of a double fold of peritoneum that encloses the intestines and their associated organs and connect them with the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity. In invertebrates, a mesentery is a support or partition in a body cavity serving a similar function to the mesenteries of vertebrates. Bilateria In Bilateria, bilaterally symmetrical organisms, there is often a major mesentery separating the two halves of the coelom. In segmented org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ribosomal DNA
The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) consists of a group of ribosomal RNA encoding genes and related regulatory elements, and is widespread in similar configuration in all domains of life. The ribosomal DNA encodes the non-coding ribosomal RNA, integral structural elements in the assembly of ribosomes, its importance making it the most abundant section of RNA found in cells of eukaryotes. Additionally, these segments include regulatory sections, such as a promoter specific to the RNA polymerase I, as well as both transcribed and non-transcribed spacer segments. Due to their high importance in the assembly of ribosomes for protein biosynthesis, the rDNA genes are generally highly conserved in molecular evolution. The number of copies can vary considerably per species. Ribosomal DNA is widely used for phylogenetic studies. Structure The ribosomal DNA includes all genes coding for the non-coding structural ribosomal RNA molecules. Across all domains of life, these are the structural ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerianthus
''Cerianthus'' is a genus of tube-dwelling anemones in the family Cerianthidae. Members of the genus are found worldwide. They are predators, scavengers and omnivores. Characteristics Members of this genus do not have a pedal disc with which to hold themselves in position. Instead they live semi-buried in soft substrate surrounded by a parchment-like tube which they secrete. This surrounds the whole anemone up to its crown of tentacles. Sand grains, debris and shell fragments usually stick to the outer side of the tube. When it is disturbed, the anemone retracts swiftly back into the tube. Some of the larger species can have a column of up to in length. The longitudinal muscles in the trunk are powerful but the transverse ones are weak. The outer ring of tentacles are long and tapering. The tube is flexible and the anemone can extend its tentacles a surprisingly long way. The inner ring of tentacles surrounds the central mouth and assists in pushing food inside. Species The fol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willy Kükenthal
Wilhelm (Willy) Georg Kükenthal (4 August 1861, Weißenfels – 20 August 1922, Berlin) was a German zoologist. He was the older brother of botanist and theologian Georg Kükenthal (1864–1955). Kükenthal specialized in the Octocorallia and on marine mammals. He edited, along with Thilo Krumbach, a landmark series of eight volumes in the ''Handbuch der Zoologie'' series which extensively reviewed and compiled the state of zoological knowledge of the time. Life Kükenthal was born to August Kükenthal (1826-1910) and Minna Wimmer (died 1917) and went to school at Weißenfels and Halle before joining the University of Munich where he studied mineralogy and later zoology at Jena, earning his doctorate at the latter institution in 1884 for studying lymphoid cells in annelids. He travelled around the North Sea with B. Weißenborn and joined the zoology department Jena under Ernst Haeckel Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (; ; 16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
