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Carnist
Carnism is a concept used in discussions of humanity's relation to other animals, defined as a prevailing ideology in which people support the use and consumption of animal products, especially meat. Carnism is presented as a dominant belief system supported by a variety of defense mechanisms and mostly unchallenged assumptions.Kool, V. K.; Agrawal, Rita (2009). "The Psychology of Nonkilling", in Joám Evans Pim (ed.),''Toward a Nonkilling Paradigm'', Center for Global Nonkilling, pp.&nbs353–356 The term ''carnism'' was coined by social psychologist and author Melanie Joy in 2001 and popularized by her book ''Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows'' (2009). Joy, Melanie (2011) 009 ''Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows: An Introduction to Carnism''. Conari Press, p. 9. . Central to the ideology is the acceptance of meat-eating as "natural", "normal", "necessary", and (sometimes) "nice", known as the "Four Ns". An important feature of carnism is the classification o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, And Wear Cows
''Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows: An Introduction to Carnism'' is a 2009 book by American social psychologist Melanie Joy about the belief system and psychology of meat eating, or " carnism". Joy coined the term ''carnism'' in 2001 and developed it in her doctoral dissertation in 2003.Kool, V. K.; Agrawal, Rita (2009). The Psychology of Nonkilling. In Joám Evans Pim (Ed.), ''Toward a Nonkilling Paradigm'' (pp. 349-370). Center for Global Nonkilling. .Joy, Melanie (2003). ''Psychic numbing and meat consumption: The Psychology of carnism'' (Doctoral dissertation). Carnism is a subset of speciesism, and contrasts with ethical veganism, the moral commitment to abstain from consuming or using meat and other animal products. In 2020, an anniversary edition of the book was published by Red Wheel. Background Joy, a social psychologist and author, was concerned about linguistic bias inherent in terms like ''carnivore'', which were inaccurate and failed to account for the "b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ben Schott
Ben Schott (born 26 May 1974) is a British writer, photographer, and author of the ''Schott's Miscellanies'' and ''Schott's Almanac'' series. Early life and university Ben Schott was born in North London, England, the son of a Neurology, neurologist and a Nursing, nurse. He has one brother, also now a Neurology, neurologist. He went to school at University College School, Hampstead. Schott went to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he read Social and Political Sciences. He took a British undergraduate degree classification, double first in 1996. After Cambridge, Schott got a job at the London advertising agency J. Walter Thompson where he was an account manager on the Nestle Rowntree Mackintosh, Nestlé Rowntree account working on Smarties (Nestlé), Smarties, Kit Kat and Polo mint, Polo. After only four months he resigned to become a freelance photographer. Photography Schott worked as a photographer from 1996 to 2003, specialising in portraits of politicians a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cass Sunstein
Cass Robert Sunstein (born September 21, 1954) is an American legal scholar known for his work in U.S. constitutional law, administrative law, environmental law, and behavioral economics. He is also ''The New York Times'' best-selling author of ''The World According to Star Wars'' (2016) and ''Nudge'' (2008). He was the administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2012. Sunstein serves as the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard Law School. He was previously a professor at the University of Chicago Law School from 1981 to 2008. In 2014, studies of legal publications found Sunstein to be the most frequently cited American legal scholar by a wide margin.{{Nudge Theory Early life and education Sunstein was born on September 21, 1954, in Waban, Massachusetts, to Marian (née Goodrich), a teacher, and Cass Richard Sunstein, a builder, both Jewish. He has said that as a teenager, he was briefly inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cora Diamond
Cora Diamond (born 1937) is an American philosopher who works in the areas of moral philosophy, animal ethics, political philosophy, philosophy of language, philosophy and literature, and the thought of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Gottlob Frege, and Elizabeth Anscombe. Diamond is the Kenan Professor of Philosophy Emerita at the University of Virginia. Education and career Diamond received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Swarthmore College in 1957, and her Bachelor of Philosophy degree from St Hugh's College, Oxford (where her tutor was Paul Grice, in 1961. She began a master's in economics in MIT in 1957, but she never finished it, realising, after attending classes with Paul Grice (who was visiting Harvard at the time) and Morton White, that she wanted to pursue her interests in Philosophy. Before she began the BPhil, she spent a year saving money by working at IBM. After her BPhil she taught at the University of Swansea (1961-62), University of Sussex (1962-1963), and University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marc Bekoff
Marc Bekoff (born September 6, 1945, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American biologist, ethologist, behavioral ecologist and writer. He is Professor Emeritus of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Colorado Boulder and cofounder of the Jane Goodall Institute of Ethologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, and cofounder of the Jane Goodall Roots and Shoots program. Education and academic career Bekoff earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Washington University in 1967, a Master of Arts from Hofstra University in 1968, and a Ph.D. in Animal Behavior from Washington University in 1972. After completing his Ph.D., he became an assistant professor of biology at University of Missouri–St. Louis in 1973 through 1974. He went on to work at the University of Colorado Boulder as a professor of organismic biology where he pursued research into ethology, animal behavior, behavioral ecology, development and evolution of behavior. Bekoff retired from his active profess ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour, or ecological niche. In addition, palaeontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. About 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomen". The first part of a binomen is the name of a genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name (zoology), specific name or the specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard D
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Old Frankish and is a compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'strong in rule'. Nicknames include "Richie", " Dick", " Dickon", " Dickie", " Rich", " Rick", "Rico (name), Rico", " Ricky", and more. Richard is a common English (the name was introduced into England by the Normans), German and French male name. It's also used in many more languages, particularly Germanic, such as Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, and Dutch, as well as other languages including Irish, Scottish, Welsh and Finnish. Richard is cognate with variants of the name in other European languages, such as the Swedish "Rickard", the Portuguese and Spanish "Ricardo" and the Italian "Riccardo" (see comprehensive variant list below). People named Richard Multiple people with the same name * Richard Anders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Rights
Animal rights is the philosophy according to which many or all Animal consciousness, sentient animals have Moral patienthood, moral worth independent of their Utilitarianism, utility to humans, and that their most basic interests—such as avoiding suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings. The argument from marginal cases is often used to reach this conclusion. This argument holds that if marginal human beings such as infants, senile people, and the Cognition, cognitively disabled are granted moral status and negative rights, then nonhuman animals must be granted the same moral consideration, since animals do not lack any known morally relevant characteristic that marginal-case humans have. Broadly speaking, and particularly in popular discourse, the term "animal rights" is often used synonymously with "animal protection" or "animal liberation". More narrowly, "animal rights" refers to the idea that many animals have fundamen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanie Joy, TEDX, 2015
Melanie is a feminine given name derived from the Greek μελανία (melania), "blackness" and that from μέλας (melas), meaning "dark". at the Borne in its Latin form by two saints, and her granddaughter |
Porphyry (philosopher)
Porphyry (; ; – ) was a Neoplatonic philosopher born in Tyre, Roman Phoenicia during Roman rule. He edited and published the '' Enneads'', the only collection of the work of Plotinus, his teacher. He wrote original works in the Greek language on a wide variety of topics, ranging from music theory to Homer to vegetarianism. His '' Isagoge'' or ''Introduction'', an introduction to logic and philosophy, was the standard textbook on logic throughout the Middle Ages in its Latin and Arabic translations. Porphyry was, and still is, also well-known for his anti-Christian polemics. Through works such as ''Philosophy from Oracles'' and '' Against the Christians'' (which was banned by Constantine the Great), he was involved in a controversy with early Christians. Life The ''Suda'' (a 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia based on many sources now lost) reports that Porphyry was born in Tyre, however, other sources report that he was born in Batanaea, present-day Syria . His par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renan Larue
Renan Larue is a French writer, literary scholar and historian of vegetarianism. He is the author of several books on vegetarianism or veganism, including ''Le végétarisme et ses ennemis'' (2015), a history of vegetarianism from Pythagoras until the modern day, and ''La pensée végane: 50 regards sur la condition animale'' (2020). In 2016 he offered the first course in vegan studies in the United States at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Early life and education Born in the Côtes-d'Armor,Cugnier, Stéphane (11 April 2016)"Un Breton enseigne le végétarisme en Californie" ''Ouest-France''. Larue studied French literature at the Paris-Sorbonne University, graduating in 2000 with a BA. He went on to obtain three master's degrees: in history from the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in Paris in 2002, in philosophy from the University of Paris I in 2003, and in classical literature from the University of Strasbourg in 2006. In 2007, he received a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations averag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
