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Caproate
Caproic acid, also known as hexanoic acid, is the carboxylic acid derived from hexane with the chemical formula . It is a colorless oily liquid with a fatty, cheesy, waxy odor resembling that of goats or other barnyard animals. It is a fatty acid found naturally in various animal fats and oils, and is one of the chemicals that gives the decomposing fleshy seed coat of the ginkgo its characteristic unpleasant odor. It is also one of the components of vanilla and cheese. The primary use of caproic acid is in the manufacture of its esters for use as artificial flavors, and in the manufacture of hexyl derivatives, such as hexylphenols. Salts and esters of caproic acid are known as caproates or hexanoates. Several progestin medications are caproate esters, such as hydroxyprogesterone caproate and gestonorone caproate. Two other acids are named after goats: caprylic acid (C8) and capric acid (C10). Along with caproic acid, they account for 15% of the fat in goat's milk. Caproic, capr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate, sold under the brand name Delalutin among others, is a medication used to reduce the risk of preterm birth in women pregnant with one baby who have a history of spontaneous preterm birth. In March 2023, the manufacturer, Covis Pharma, agreed to withdraw the drug from the US market. The approval of this drug substance was withdrawn by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in April 2023. In May 2024, the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee of the European Medicines Agency recommended suspending the marketing authorizations of medications containing 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in the European Union. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. Hydroxyprogesterone caproate is a progestin medication which was used to prevent preterm birth in pregnancy, pregnant women with a history of the condition and to treat gynecological disorders. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gestonorone Caproate
Gestonorone caproate, also known as gestronol hexanoate or norhydroxyprogesterone caproate and sold under the brand names Depostat and Primostat, is a progestin medication which is used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, enlarged prostate and endometrial cancer, cancer of the endometrium. It is given by intramuscular injection, injection into muscle typically once a week. Side effects of gestonorone caproate include worsened glucose tolerance, decreased libido in men, and injection site reactions. Gestonorone caproate is a progestin, or a synthetic compound, synthetic progestogen (medication), progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has no other important hormonal agent, hormonal activity. Gestonorone caproate was discovered in 1960 and was introduced for medical use by 1973. It has been used widely throughout Europe, including in the United Kingdom, and has also been marketed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caproate Fermentation
Caproate fermentation is a metabolic process used by different bacteria to utilize different organic substrates for the production of caproic acid (hexanoic acid) as well as other valuable byproducts. Caproic acid is a valuable compound in food industries as a flavor additive, feedstock for chemical industries, antimicrobial agents in the pharmaceutical industry, and more. Though this process is used by varying bacterial species, the most common species utilizing caproate fermentation in its metabolic process is ''Clostridium kluyveri''. This species, as well as others, utilize caproate fermentation through the breakdown of varying substrates for energy production, waste management and increased ability for survival in different environments. Chemical structures and properties Chemical Structure Caproic acid is otherwise known as hexanoic acid. In solid state, the acid appears as a white crystalline structure, while when liquid, it appears clear with a yellow tint. Any conta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progestin
A progestogen, also referred to as a progestagen, gestagen, or gestogen, is a type of medication which produces effects similar to those of the natural female sex hormone progesterone in the body. A progestin is a '' synthetic'' progestogen. Progestogens are used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy. They can also be used in the treatment of gynecological conditions, to support fertility and pregnancy, to lower sex hormone levels for various purposes, and for other indications. Progestogens are used alone or in combination with estrogens. They are available in a wide variety of formulations and for use by many different routes of administration. Examples of progestogens include natural or bioidentical progesterone as well as progestins such as medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone. Side effects of progestogens include menstrual irregularities, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness, mood changes, acne, increased hair ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ester
In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (either organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group () of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (R). These compounds contain a distinctive functional group. Analogues derived from oxygen replaced by other chalcogens belong to the ester category as well. According to some authors, organyl derivatives of acidic hydrogen of other acids are esters as well (e.g. amides), but not according to the IUPAC. Glycerides are fatty acid esters of glycerol; they are important in biology, being one of the main classes of lipids and comprising the bulk of animal fats and vegetable oils. Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters; naturally occurring lactones are mainly 5- and 6-membered ring lactones. Lactones contribute to the aroma of fruits, butter, cheese, vegetables like celery and other foods. Esters can be formed from oxoacids (e.g. esters of acetic acid, carbonic acid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derivative (chemistry)
In chemistry, a derivative is a compound that is derived from a similar compound by a chemical reaction. In the past, derivative also meant a compound that ''can be imagined to'' arise from another compound, if one atom or group of atoms is replaced with another atom or group of atoms, but modern chemical language now uses the term structural analog for this meaning, thus eliminating ambiguity. The term "structural analogue" is common in organic chemistry. In biochemistry, the word is used for compounds that at least theoretically can be formed from the precursor compound. Chemical derivatives may be used to facilitate analysis. For example, melting point (MP) analysis can assist in identification of many organic compounds. A crystalline derivative may be prepared, such as a semicarbazone or 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (derived from aldehydes or ketones), as a simple way of verifying the identity of the original compound, assuming that a table of derivative MP values is avai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Saturated Fatty Acids
Saturated fatty acids are fatty acids that make up saturated fats. Straight-chain Saturated straight-chain fatty acids: Branched-chain Saturated branched-chain fatty acids: See also *List of unsaturated fatty acids *Carboxylic acid **List of carboxylic acids *Dicarboxylic acid {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Saturated Fatty Acids Fatty acids, Chemistry-related lists, Saturated Fatty Acids Alkanoic acids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group. The naming of these compounds is governed by IUPAC nomenclature, which ensures systematic and consistent naming of chemicals. Numerous organic compounds have other common names, often originating in historical source material thereof. The systematic IUPAC name is not always the preferred IUPAC name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systematic rules call 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid. C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 {, class="wikitable" , - bgcolor="#efefef" , IUPAC name, , Common name, , Structural formula , - , hexacosanoic acid, , cerotic acid, , CH3(CH2)24COOH Carboxylic acids Carboxylic acids In organic chemistry, a carboxylic aci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capric Acid
Capric acid, also known as decanoic acid or decylic acid, is a saturated fatty acid, medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), and carboxylic acid. Its formula is . Salts and esters of decanoic acid are called caprates or decanoates. The term capric acid is derived from the Latin "''caper / capra''" (goat) because the sweaty, unpleasant smell of the compound is reminiscent of goats. Occurrence Capric acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils.David J. Anneken, Sabine Both, Ralf Christoph, Georg Fieg, Udo Steinberner, Alfred Westfechtel "Fatty Acids" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. It is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats. Two other acids are named after goats: caproic acid (a C6:0 fatty acid) and caprylic acid (a C8:0 fatty acid). Along with capric acid, these total 15% in goat milk fat. Production Capri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caprylic Acid
Caprylic acid (), also known under the systematic name octanoic acid or C8 Acid, is a saturated fatty acid, medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA). It has the structural formula , and is a colorless oily liquid that is minimally soluble in water with a slightly unpleasant rancid-like smell and taste. Salts and esters of octanoic acid are known as octanoates or caprylates. The name of the related acyl group is octanoyl, capryloyl, or caprylyl. It is a common industrial chemical, which is produced by oxidation of the C8 aldehyde. Its compounds are found naturally in the milk of various mammals and as a minor constituent of coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Two other acids are named after goats via the Latin word '' capra'': caproic acid (C6) and capric acid (C10). Together, these three fatty acids comprise 15% of the fatty acids in goat milk fat. Metabolism Octanoyl-ACP One of the products of the mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway is octanoic acid bound to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboxylate Salt
In organic chemistry, a carboxylate is the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid, (or ). It is an anion, an ion with negative charge. Carboxylate salts are salts that have the general formula , where M is a metal and ''n'' is 1, 2,.... Carboxylate esters have the general formula (also written as ), where R and R′ are organic groups. Synthesis Carboxylate ions can be formed by deprotonation of carboxylic acids. Such acids typically have p''K''a of less than 5, meaning that they can be deprotonated by many bases, such as sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate. : Resonance stabilization of the carboxylate ion Carboxylic acids easily dissociate into a carboxylate anion and a positively charged hydrogen ion (proton), much more readily than alcohols do (into an alkoxide ion and a proton), because the carboxylate ion is stabilized by resonance. The negative charge that is left after deprotonation of the carboxyl group is delocalized between the two electronegative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkylphenol
Alkylphenols are a family of organic compounds obtained by the alkylation of phenols. The term is usually reserved for commercially important propylphenol, butylphenol, amylphenol, heptylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol and related "long chain alkylphenols" (LCAPs). Methylphenols and ethylphenols are also alkylphenols, but they are more commonly referred to by their specific names, cresols and xylenols. Some members of this group of compounds have proven controversial. Production and use The long-chain alkylphenols are prepared by alkylation of phenol with alkenes: :C6H5OH + RR'C=CH2 → RR'CH−CH2−C6H4OH In this way, about 500M kg/y are produced. Alkylphenols ethoxylates are common surfactants. Long-chain alkylphenols are used extensively as precursors to detergents. By condensation with formaldehyde, some alkylphenols are components in phenolic resins. These compounds are also used as building-block chemicals in making fragrances, thermoplastic elastomer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
