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Café Terminus Attack
On 12 February 1894, Émile Henry (anarchist), Émile Henry carried out an anarchist attack at the Café Terminus. Initially planning to assassinate Sadi Carnot (statesman), Sadi Carnot, the president of the republic, who had just refused to pardon Auguste Vaillant, he decided against the attack upon noticing the large number of Police officer, police officers stationed around the Élysée Palace. Instead, he redirected his efforts to the Café Terminus, where he detonated his bomb, killing one person and injuring 17 others. Émile Henry was arrested at the end of this episode, Capital punishment, sentenced to death, and Guillotine, guillotined three months later. The attack was part of the 1892-1894 period called the Era of Attacks. This was one of the first attacks targeting indiscriminate civilians rather than specific individuals. Some scholars consider it a pivotal event in the emergence of History of terrorism, modern terrorism. This bombing, along with other attacks during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Café Terminus
The Café Terminus was a popular cafe in the late 19th century near the Gare Saint-Lazare, located in Paris, France. It is infamously known as the target of Terminus bombing, a bomb attack by French Anarchist Émile Henry on February 12, 1894. History Cafe Terminus is an aesthetic cafe and cocktail venue that is based in Paris, France, and some other cities around the world. During the day, Terminus' menu will look like that of the Sentinel, with a meticulous selection of house-prepared baked pastries like biscuits and espresso cake early in the day. At lunch, the menu changes to a choice of sandwiches like a Cubano and a dish meat. Mixed drink and cocktails commence at 2 pm, and highlights a more creative drink menu than that of House of Shields, created by Passetti. Terminus is an old French brand of absinthe, and the spirit found its way into several of the drinks. The space, planned in association with Jack Dakin, highlights a 22-foot solid bar and contradicting dividers ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to the south, and the North Sea to the west. Belgium covers an area of and has a population of more than 11.8 million; its population density of ranks List of countries and dependencies by population density, 22nd in the world and Area and population of European countries, sixth in Europe. The capital and Metropolitan areas in Belgium, largest metropolitan region is City of Brussels, Brussels; other major cities are Antwerp, Ghent, Charleroi, Liège, Bruges, Namur, and Leuven. Belgium is a parliamentary system, parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a complex Federation, federal system structured on regional and linguistic grounds. The country is divided into three highly autonomous Communities, regions and language areas o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lobau Bombing
The Lobau bombing was a bomb attack in Paris, France, carried out on 15 March 1892, by the anarchist militant Théodule Meunier against the Lobau barracks. Organized four days after the Saint-Germain bombing, it was one of the first attacks of the Ère des attentats (1892–1894). The explosion caused material damage in the surrounding area but killed or injured no one. Meunier managed to carry out the Véry bombing a month later before fleeing to the United Kingdom. He was subsequently extradited to France, sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labor, and deported to the penal colony of Cayenne, where he died. This bombing, along with other attacks during the Ère des attentats, marked an early shift in terrorist strategy: instead of targeting specific individuals, it focused on symbolic locations—in this case, the Lobau barracks as a stand-in for a precise human target. This shift became a hallmark of modern terrorism but was poorly understood by contemporaries. Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clichy Bombing
Clichy may refer to: * Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine, a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris Other places in or near Paris * Canton of Clichy, a Hauts-de-Seine administrative division, of which the commune of Clichy is the seat * Clichy-sous-Bois, a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris * Boulevard de Clichy, a street in Paris's 9th and 18th arrondissements * Place de Clichy, large square and traffic roundabout at the intersection of Paris's 8th, 9th, 17th, and 18th arrondissements * Porte de Clichy (Paris Métro and RER), a commuter station in the 17th arrondissement Other * Club de Clichy, a political club during the French revolution * Gaël Clichy (born 1985), a French footballer See also * Quiet Days in Clichy (other) Quiet Days in Clichy may refer to: * Quiet Days in Clichy (novel), by Henry Miller, published in 1956 * Quiet Days in Clichy (1970 film) ''Quiet Days in Clichy'' (Danish: ''Stille dage i Clichy''; also known as ''Not So Quiet Days''), is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sante Geronimo Caserio
Sante Geronimo Caserio (; 8 September 187316 August 1894) was an Italian baker, Anarchism, anarchist, and Propaganda of the deed, propagandist by the deed. He is primarily known for Assassination of Sadi Carnot, assassinating Sadi Carnot, the sitting President of France, President of the French Republic, on 24 June 1894. This act marked the final attack of the ''Ère des attentats'' (1892–1894) and became a pivotal event in the Anarchism in France, history of anarchism in France. It was also an Decolonization, anticolonial attack, as Caserio targeted the president during the Exposition internationale et coloniale (1894), first French colonial exhibition. Born into a working-class family, Caserio began working as a baker in Milan at age thirteen. During his adolescence there, he met anarchist militants such as Pietro Gori, who drew him into the Anarchism in Italy, Italian anarchist movement. Over time, he became a prominent figure in Milanese anarchist circles and was arrested an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assassination Of Sadi Carnot
On 24 June 1894, in Lyon, France, French President Sadi Carnot was assassinated by Italian anarchist Sante Geronimo Caserio. Acting in retaliation for the execution of Ravachol and the subsequent ratification of the anti-anarchist '' lois scélérates'' ("villainous laws"), Caserio stabbed Carnot in his open carriage outside the Palais du Commerce at 9:15 p.m. Carnot died at 12:45 a.m. the next morning, and Caserio was executed on 6 August 1894. More ''lois scélérates'' were passed in response to the assassination. Background In the 1890s, there was a large amount of anarchist violence in France. On 11 July 1892, anarchist Ravachol, who had committed a series of bombing attacks in Paris, was executed. On 9 December 1893, the French National Assembly in the Palais de Bourbon was the subject of a terrorist bombing by anarchist Auguste Vaillant, causing minor injuries among the representatives. The French government decided to retaliate against anarchist violence after yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gare Saint-Lazare
The Gare Saint-Lazare (; ), officially Paris Saint Lazare, is one of the seven large mainline List of Paris railway stations, railway station terminals in Paris, France. It was the first railway station built in Paris, opening in 1837. It mostly serves train services to western suburbs, as well as intercity services toward Normandy using the Paris–Le Havre railway. Saint-Lazare is the third busiest station in France, after the Gare du Nord and Gare de Lyon. It handles 290,000 passengers each day. The current station building opened in 1889 and was designed by architect Juste Lisch; the maître d'œuvre (general contractor) was Eugène Flachat. History The first station at Saint Lazare was northwest of its current position, called ''Embarcadère des Batignolles''. The station was opened by Marie Amalie of Bourbon-Sicilies, Marie-Amélie (wife of Louis-Philippe of France) on 24 August 1837. The first line served was the Paris-St-Lazare–St-Germain-en-Laye railway, single track ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Assembly (France)
The National Assembly (, ) is the lower house of the Bicameralism, bicameral French Parliament under the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (France), Senate (). The National Assembly's legislators are known as () or deputies. There are 577 , each elected by a single-member Constituencies of the National Assembly of France, constituency (at least one per Departments of France, department) through a two-round system; thus, 289 seats are required for a majority. The List of presidents of the National Assembly of France, president of the National Assembly, currently Yaël Braun-Pivet, presides over the body. The officeholder is usually a member of the largest party represented, assisted by vice presidents from across the represented political spectrum. The National Assembly's term is five years; however, the president of France may dissolve the assembly, thereby calling for early elections, unless it has been dissolved in the preceding twelve m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pardon
A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction. A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime, depending on the laws of the jurisdiction. Pardons can be viewed as a tool to overcome miscarriage of justice, allowing a grant of freedom to someone who is believed to be wrongly convicted or subjected to an excessive penalty. The second-best theory of pardons views pardons as second-best to Right to a fair trial, fair justice. Pardons can be granted in many countries when individuals are deemed to have demonstrated that they have "paid their debt to society", or are otherwise considered to be deserving of them. In some jurisdictions of some nations, accepting a pardon may ''implicitly'' constitute an admission of guilt; the offer is refused in some cases. Cases of wrongful conviction are in recent times more often dealt with by appeal rather than by pardon; however, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lois Scélérates
The ''lois scélérates'' ("villainous laws") – a pejorative name – were a set of three French laws passed from 1893 to 1894 under the Third Republic (1870–1940) that restricted the 1881 freedom of the press laws, after several bombings and assassination attempts carried out by anarchist proponents of "propaganda of the deed". Overview The first law was passed on 11 December 1893, two days after Auguste Vaillant's bombing of the National Assembly on 9 December 1893 (causing slight injuries to himself and 20 deputies). It condemned advocacy of any crime as being a crime itself, which permitted the state to repress most of the anarchist press. The last law was passed on 28 July 1894, and condemned any person or newspaper using anarchist propaganda (and, by extension, libertarian socialists who were current or former members of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA)): Thus, free speech and encouraging ''propaganda of the deed'' or antimilitarism were severely res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ravachol
François Claudius Ravachol (; born Koenigstein; 14 October 1859 – 11 July 1892) was a French illegalist anarchist mainly known for his terrorist activism, impact, the myths developed around his figure and his influence on the anarchist movement in France. Born in 1859 in Saint-Chamond, in the Saint-Étienne area, Ravachol grew up in poverty and domestic violence. Later, he began a life of crime marked by the murder and robbery of a rich hermit. In this city, Ravachol gradually adopted anarchist ideas and met other activists, such as Rosalie Soubère and Joseph Jas-Béala. He managed to escape from arrest and with these two accomplices, the militant moved to Paris in 1891. There, joined by the young anarchist militant Charles Simon, they carried out the Saint-Germain and Clichy bombings (1892), targeting the judge and prosecutor responsible for the judicial persecution of anarchists arrested during the Clichy Affair (1891). Quickly arrested after the second attack, he s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
