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Baeomycetales Genera
The Baeomycetales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Ostropomycetidae, in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 8 families, 33 genera and about 170 species. As a result of molecular phylogenetics research published in the late 2010s, several orders were folded into the Baeomycetales, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of taxa. Taxonomy The family Baeomycetaceae was originally proposed by Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier in 1829 (under the spelling ''Baeomyceae''); he included two genera, ''Baeomyces'' and ''Calicium''. Baeomycetaceae was initially classified in the Lecanorales, and Baeomycetaceae and Cladoniaceae were thought to be closely related, sharing a phylogenetic origin in Lecideaceae. It was transferred to the order Helotiales based on the structure of its ascus, which is similar to those in genus ''Leotia''. However, the Helotiales consists of mostly non-lichenised fungi. The first DNA studies conducted with ''Baeomyces'' s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baeomyces Rufus
''Baeomyces rufus'', commonly known as the brown beret lichen, is a fruticose lichen belonging to the cap lichen family, Baeomycetaceae. The species was first described by J.F Rebentisch in 1804. Like other lichens, it is a symbiosis between a fungus and an alga. Taxonomy William Hudson described this species as ''Lichen rufus'' in 1762. The similar-appearing lichen ''D. baeomyces'' was formerly identified as ''Baeomyces roseus''; it was not until 1997 that a study by Soili Stenroos and Paula DePriest used DNA sequencing to establish that the species now called ''Dibaeis baeomyces'' did not belong to the genus ''Baeomyces''. ''B. rufus'' was the lichen representing genus ''Baeomyces'' whose DNA was sequenced for comparison with ''B. roseus''/''D. baeomyces''. Description ''B. rufus'' is characterized by bulbous apothecia which may vary from reddish brown to orange to pink, and which become translucent when wet; they may reach a maximum diameter of 2 mm, atop stalks no tal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota. The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence. The group is monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ... (composed only of all the descendants of a common ancestor). Genera of uncertain placement There are several genera in the Lecanoromycetes that have not been placed into any order or family. These are: *'' Argopsis'' – 1 sp. *'' Ascographa'' – 1 sp. *'' Bartlettiella'' – 1 sp. *'' Bouvetiella'' – 1 sp. *'' Buelliastrum'' – 2 spp. *'' Haploloma'' – 1 sp. *'' Hosseusia'' – 3 spp. *'' Korfiomyces'' – 1 sp. *'' Maronella'' – 1 sp. *'' Notolecidea'' – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lineage (evolution)
An evolutionary lineage is a temporal series of populations, organisms, cells, or genes connected by a continuous line of descent from ancestor to descendant. Lineages are subsets of the evolutionary tree of life. Lineages are often determined by the techniques of molecular systematics. Phylogenetic representation of lineages upright=1.4, A rooted tree of life into three ancient monophyletic lineages: archaea.html" ;"title="bacteria, archaea">bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes based on rRNA genes Lineages are typically visualized as subsets of a phylogenetic tree. A lineage is a single line of descent or linear chain within the tree, while a clade is a (usually branched) monophyletic group, containing a single ancestor and all its descendants. Phylogenetic trees are typically created from DNA, RNA or protein sequence data. Apart from this, morphological differences and similarities have been, and still are used to create phylogenetic trees. Sequences from different individua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostropales
The Ostropales are an order of fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. The order was circumscribed by Swedish botanist John Axel Nannfeldt in 1932. The order contains 4 families and 46 genera, including 6 genera of uncertain familial placement. Families and genera * Odontotremataceae ::'' Claviradulomyces'' – 2 spp. ::'' Coccomycetella'' – 2 spp. ::'' Odontotrema'' – 7 spp. ::'' Odontura'' – 1 sp. ::'' Paschelkiella'' – 1 sp. ::'' Potriphila'' – 3 spp. ::'' Rogellia'' – 2 spp. ::'' Stromatothecia'' – 1 sp. ::'' Tryblis'' – 2 spp. ::'' Xerotrema'' – 2 spp. * Phaneromycetaceae ::'' Phaneromyces'' – 2 spp. * Spirographaceae ::'' Spirographa'' – 5 spp. * Stictidaceae ::'' Absconditella'' – 12 spp. ::'' Acarosporina'' – 5 spp. ::'' Biostictis'' – 5 spp. ::'' Carestiella'' – 2 sp. ::'' Conotremopsis'' – 1 sp. ::'' Cryptodiscus'' – 15 spp. * ::'' Cyanodermella'' – 2 spp. ::'' Delpontia'' – 1 sp. ::'' Fitzroyomyces'' – 1 sp. ::'' Geisleria'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leotia
''Leotia'' is a genus of cup fungi of the division Ascomycota. ''Leotia'' species are globally distributed, and are believed to be ectomycorrhizal. They are commonly known as ''jelly babies'' because of the gelatinous texture of their fruiting bodies. Biology ''Leotia'' species are characterized by their capitate ascocarps. Within the class Leotiomycetes, ''Leotia'' species produce large fruiting bodies; their long-stalked apothecia bear a fertile layer of asci that covers the upper surface of a mushroom-like cap. ''Leotia'' is closely related to ''Microglossum'', another genus characterized by capitate ascocarps. The species of ''Leotia'' have traditionally been defined largely by the fresh color of the ascocarps (tan in ''L. lubrica'', olive-green in ''L. atrovirens'', and green-headed with a yellow stalk in ''L. viscosa''). However, a molecular phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helotiales
Helotiales is an order (biology), order of the class Leotiomycetes within the division Ascomycota. The taxonomy within Helotiales has been debated. It has expanded significantly as genomic techniques for taxonomical identification have become more commonly used. , the order is estimated to contain 30 accepted families, 519 genera, and 6266 species. Helotiales is the largest order of non-stromatic discomycetes that usually, but not always, have brightly coloured apothecia. Many members of the family have obviously cup-shaped Ascocarp, ascomata with little or no stipes. They are usually found fruiting on Coarse woody debris, coarse or Large woody debris, large wood debris as well as on other organic matter. Part of these discomycetes are limited to a specific Host (biology)#Host range, host range, this goes as far as to not just being limited to one particular plant, additionally some species need a particular part of that plant. Description *Helotiales is distinguished by its dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecideaceae
The Lecideaceae are a family (biology), family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecideales. It contains about 30 genus, genera and roughly 250 species. A major distinguishing characteristic of the family is the form of the ascomata, fruiting bodies: typically circular, dark, and without a . Most species in the family are lichenised with green algae, although a few species, scattered amongst several genera, are lichenicolous fungus, lichenicolous—they live on other lichens. Lecideaceae lichens tend to grow saxicolous lichen, on rocks, lignicolous lichen, wood, and terricolous lichen, soil. Several Lecideaceae species accelerate the weathering of rock surfaces, a process known as pedogenesis, by extending their hyphae into cracks and expelling rock flakes. This contributes to significantly faster weathering rates in certain environments, impacts various materials from natural rocks to man-made Sekishu roof tiles, and involves key biomolecules identified for survival and bio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladoniaceae
The Cladoniaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales, comprising about 560 species distributed amongst 18 genera. This family is one of the largest among lichen-forming fungi and is globally distributed, from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests, favouring humid environments while being intolerant of arid conditions. Molecular phylogenetics has significantly advanced the understanding of their complex taxonomic history, revealing intricate evolutionary relationships and leading to a refined classification. Notable members include reindeer moss and cup lichens of the genus '' Cladonia'', which consist of about 500 species and forms a significant part of the diet for large mammals in taiga and tundra ecosystems. A distinctive feature of many Cladoniaceae species is their dimorphic thallus: a scaly or crust-like form and a (shrub-like) secondary form known as a podetium or . These lichens typically grow on soil, decaying wood, or tree trunks, with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calicium
''Calicium'' is a genus of leprose lichens. It is in the family Caliciaceae, and has 40 species. The sexual reproduction structures are a mass of loose ascospores that are enclosed by a cup shaped exciple sitting on top of a tiny stalk, having the appearance of a dressmaker's pin (called a mazaedium), hence the common name pin lichen.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, They are also List of common names of lichen genera, commonly called stubble lichens. They have been used as indicator species for old growth redwood forests. Taxonomy The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed in 1794 by the mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. He included three species in his initial circumscription of the genus: ''C. viride'', ''C. salicinum'', and ''C. pallidum''. The genus name, derived from the Latin ''calix'' or ''calicis'' ("cup") with the diminutive suffix ''-ium'', refers to the shape of the ascocarps. Descrip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier
Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier (; 3 April 1797 – 9 July 1878) was a Belgians, Belgian who conducted a parallel career of botanist and Member of Parliament and is the first discoverer of biological cell division. Over the course of his life, Dumortier named over 688 different taxa, many of which are still in use today. A statue depicting him can be found in Tournai, Belgium, the city where he spent much of his life. The statue was constructed in 1883, by sculptor Charles Fraikin. The statue was damaged by the germans during World War I, but was repaired. Dumortier is depicted in bourgeois clothes, with his right arm folded over his chest and his left arm leaning on political documents supported by a lion. Biography Barthélemy Dumortier was a son of the merchant and city councillor Barthélemy-François Dumortier and of Mariue-Jeanne Willaumez. He married Philippine Ruteau and they had a son, Barthélemy-Noël Dumortier (1830-1915) and seven other children. Barthélemy-Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxa
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion, especially in the context of rank-based (" Linnaean") nomenclature (much less so under phylogenetic nomenclature). If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were presumably set forth in prehistoric times by hunter-gatherers, as suggested by the fairly sophisticated folk taxonomies. Much later, Aristotle, and later st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
