2010 In The European Union

	2010 In The European Union Events in the year 2010 in the European Union. 2010 was designated as the: * European Year for Combating Poverty & Social Exclusions Incumbents * President of the European Council – Herman Van Rompuy * President of the European Commission, Commission President – José Manuel Barroso * Presidency of the Council of the European Union, Council Presidency – (Jan–Jun 2010) and (Jul–Dec 2010) * President of the European Parliament, Parliament President – Jerzy Buzek * High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy, High Representative – Catherine Ashton Events January * 1 January Spain takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union for the fourth time from Sweden. It is the first country to hold the presidency under the Lisbon Treaty and the new ‘trio presidency system’ that sees Spain work with the next two countries to hold the office, Belgium and Hungary. The Ruhr area (Germany), Pécs (Hungary) and Istanbul (Turkey) shar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	2010 The year saw a multitude of natural and environmental disasters such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and the 2010 Chile earthquake. The 2009 swine flu pandemic, swine flu pandemic which began the previous year dissipated in this year. In addition, the OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) gained four new members; Chile, Slovenia, Israel, and Estonia. 2010 also saw advancements in technology such as the release of the iPad, the public launch of Instagram, and the first successful trapping of antimatter. 2010 was designated as: International Year of Biodiversity International Year of Youth 2010 European Year for Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures Pronunciation There is a debate among experts and the general public on how to pronounce specific years of the 21st century in English. The year 2010 is pronounced either "twenty-ten" or "two thousand (and) ten" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	26 January Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. 1564 – The Council of Trent establishes an official distinction between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. * 1564 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Tsardom of Russia in the Battle of Ula during the Livonian War. 1601–1900 * 1699 – For the first time, the Ottoman Empire permanently cedes territory to the Christian powers. 1700 – The 8.7–9.2 Cascadia earthquake takes place off the west coast of North America, as evidenced by Japanese records. 1765 – A British naval expedition arrives at and names Port Egmont in the Falkland Islands, founding a settlement there eight days later. (Arrival was 15 January 1765 O.S.) 1788 – The British First Fleet, led by Arthur Phillip, sails into Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) to estab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	21 June Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarios sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily. * 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mongols and Wuzong of the Yuan. * 1529 – French forces are driven out of northern Italy by Spain at the Battle of Landriano during the War of the League of Cognac. * 1582 – Sengoku period: Oda Nobunaga, the most powerful of the Japanese ''daimyōs'', is forced to commit suicide by his own general Akechi Mitsuhide. 1601–1900 1621 – Execution of 27 Czech noblemen on the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the Battle of White Mountain. 1734 – In Montreal, New France, a slave known by the French name of Marie-Joseph Angélique is put to death, having been convicted of setting the fire that destroyed much of the city. * 1749 – Halifax, Nova Scotia, is founded. * 1768 – James Otis Jr. offends the King and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Inclusive Growth Inclusive growth is economic growth that raises standards of livings for broad swaths of a population. It is widely accepted that inclusive growth is challenging to be achieved in the real world. Both the intangibility and long term perspective make it less desirable than other more conspicuous economic targets for policymakers. There is a lack of a comprehensive and worldly recognised set of standards to systematically measure the inclusiveness of growth, which makes data collection and policy evaluation difficult. Proponents for inclusive growth warn that inequitable growth may have adverse political outcomes. The definition of inclusive growth implies direct links between the macroeconomic and microeconomic determinants of the economy and economic growth. The microeconomic dimension captures the importance of structural transformation for economic diversification and competition, while the macro dimension refers to changes in economic aggregates such as the country’s gross n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	17 June Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. * 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were burnt in Paris. * 1300 – Turku Cathedral is consecrated by Bishop Magnus I in the city of Turku (). * 1397 – The Kalmar Union is formed under the rule of Margaret I of Denmark. * 1462 – Vlad the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack at Târgovişte), forcing him to retreat from Wallachia. 1497 – Battle of Deptford Bridge: Forces under King Henry VII defeat troops led by Michael An Gof. 1565 – Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru. * 1579 – Sir Francis Drake claims a land he calls '' Nova Albion'' (modern California) for England. 1596 – The Dutch explorer Willem Barentsz discovers the Arctic archipelago of Spitsbergen. 1601–1900 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	7 May Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I immediately orders that the dome be rebuilt. 1274 – In France, the Second Council of Lyon opens; it ratified a decree to regulate the election of the Pope. 1342 – In Avignon, France, Cardinal Pierre Roger is elected Pope and takes the name Clement VI. * 1487 – The Siege of Málaga commences during the Spanish Reconquista. 1544 – The Burning of Edinburgh by an English army is the first action of the Rough Wooing. 1601–1900 1625 – State funeral of James VI and I (1566–1625) is held at Westminster Abbey. * 1664 – Inaugural celebrations begin at Louis XIV of France's new Palace of Versailles. 1685 – Battle of Vrtijeljka between rebels and Ottoman forces. 1697 – Stockholm's royal castle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	10 April Events Pre-1600 * 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople. * 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles). 1407 – Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama visits the Ming dynasty capital at Nanjing and is awarded the title "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma". 1500 – Ludovico Sforza is captured by Swiss troops at Novara and is handed over to the French. * 1545 – The settlement of Villa Imperial de Carlos V (now the city of Potosí) in Bolivia is founded after the discovery of huge silver deposits in the area. 1601–1900 1606 – The Virginia Company of London is established by royal charter by James I of England with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America. 1710 – The Statute of Anne, the first law regulating copyright, comes into force in Great Britain. * 1717 – Robert Walpole resigns from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	26 March Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 624 – First Eid al-Fitr celebration. * 1021 – The death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, is announced, along with the succession of his son, al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah. 1027 – Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. 1169 – Saladin becomes the emir of Egypt. * 1244 – The crown of Aragon and the crown of Castile agree in the Treaty of Almizra on the limits of their respective expansion into al-Andalus. 1344 – The Siege of Algeciras, one of the first European military engagements where gunpowder was used, comes to an end. 1351 – Combat of the Thirty: Thirty Breton knights call out and defeat thirty English knights. * 1484 – William Caxton prints his translation of ''Aesop's Fables''. * 1552 – Guru Amar Das becomes the Third Sikh guru. 1601–1900 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	EU High Representative The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the European Commission (HR/VP) is the chief co-ordinator and representative of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) within the European Union (EU). The position is currently held by Kaja Kallas. The Treaty of Amsterdam had established the position of High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy. The position was augmented by the Treaty of Lisbon, which established its current title and powers, including a seat on the European Commission as Vice-President, and a chair of the council of EU foreign ministers. The first person to hold the full title of High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, inaugurated upon the coming into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, was Catherine Ashton. Early in the first term of the post, the office-holder became assisted by the European External Action Service (EEAS) that was set up in December 2010.Gatew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	18 March Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula leaves up to 20,000 dead. 1229 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, declares himself King of Jerusalem in the Sixth Crusade. 1241 – First Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongols overwhelm Polish armies in Kraków in the Battle of Chmielnik and plunder the city. 1314 – Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and final Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake. 1438 – Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of the Romans. 1571 – Valletta is made the capital city of Malta. 1601–1900 1608 – Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia. 1644 – The Third Anglo-Powhatan War begins in the Colony of Virginia. 1673 – English lord John Berkeley sold his half of New Jersey to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	14 March Events Pre-1600 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza I of Hungary, Géza and Ladislaus I of Hungary, Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry IV of France, Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League (French), Catholic League under Charles, Duke of Mayenne, during the French Wars of Religion. 1601–1900 1647 – Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm (1647), Truce of Ulm. 1663 – According to his own account, Otto von Guericke completes his book ''Experimenta Nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de Vacuo Spatio'', detailing his experiments on vacuum and his discovery of electrostatic repulsion. 1674 – The Third Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of Ronas Voe results in the Dutch East India Company ship ''Wapen van Rotterdam'' being captured with a death toll of up to 300 Dutch crew and so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	European Court Of Justice The European Court of Justice (ECJ), officially the Court of Justice (), is the supreme court of the European Union in matters of European Union law. As a part of the Court of Justice of the European Union, it is tasked with interpreting EU law and ensuring its uniform application across all EU member states under Article 263 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The Court was established in 1952, and is based in Luxembourg. It is composed of one judge per Member State – currently – although it normally hears cases in panels of three, five or fifteen judges. The Court has been led by president Koen Lenaerts since 2015. The ECJ is the highest court of the European Union in matters of Union law, but not national law. It is not possible to appeal against the decisions of national courts in the ECJ, but rather national courts refer questions of EU law to the ECJ. However, it is ultimately for the national court to apply the resulting interpre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

	2010 In The European Union Events in the year 2010 in the European Union. 2010 was designated as the: * European Year for Combating Poverty & Social Exclusions Incumbents * President of the European Council – Herman Van Rompuy * President of the European Commission, Commission President – José Manuel Barroso * Presidency of the Council of the European Union, Council Presidency – (Jan–Jun 2010) and (Jul–Dec 2010) * President of the European Parliament, Parliament President – Jerzy Buzek * High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy, High Representative – Catherine Ashton Events January * 1 January Spain takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union for the fourth time from Sweden. It is the first country to hold the presidency under the Lisbon Treaty and the new ‘trio presidency system’ that sees Spain work with the next two countries to hold the office, Belgium and Hungary. The Ruhr area (Germany), Pécs (Hungary) and Istanbul (Turkey) shar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	2010 The year saw a multitude of natural and environmental disasters such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and the 2010 Chile earthquake. The 2009 swine flu pandemic, swine flu pandemic which began the previous year dissipated in this year. In addition, the OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) gained four new members; Chile, Slovenia, Israel, and Estonia. 2010 also saw advancements in technology such as the release of the iPad, the public launch of Instagram, and the first successful trapping of antimatter. 2010 was designated as: International Year of Biodiversity International Year of Youth 2010 European Year for Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures Pronunciation There is a debate among experts and the general public on how to pronounce specific years of the 21st century in English. The year 2010 is pronounced either "twenty-ten" or "two thousand (and) ten" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	26 January Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. 1564 – The Council of Trent establishes an official distinction between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. * 1564 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Tsardom of Russia in the Battle of Ula during the Livonian War. 1601–1900 * 1699 – For the first time, the Ottoman Empire permanently cedes territory to the Christian powers. 1700 – The 8.7–9.2 Cascadia earthquake takes place off the west coast of North America, as evidenced by Japanese records. 1765 – A British naval expedition arrives at and names Port Egmont in the Falkland Islands, founding a settlement there eight days later. (Arrival was 15 January 1765 O.S.) 1788 – The British First Fleet, led by Arthur Phillip, sails into Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) to estab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	21 June Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarios sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily. * 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mongols and Wuzong of the Yuan. * 1529 – French forces are driven out of northern Italy by Spain at the Battle of Landriano during the War of the League of Cognac. * 1582 – Sengoku period: Oda Nobunaga, the most powerful of the Japanese ''daimyōs'', is forced to commit suicide by his own general Akechi Mitsuhide. 1601–1900 1621 – Execution of 27 Czech noblemen on the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the Battle of White Mountain. 1734 – In Montreal, New France, a slave known by the French name of Marie-Joseph Angélique is put to death, having been convicted of setting the fire that destroyed much of the city. * 1749 – Halifax, Nova Scotia, is founded. * 1768 – James Otis Jr. offends the King and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Inclusive Growth Inclusive growth is economic growth that raises standards of livings for broad swaths of a population. It is widely accepted that inclusive growth is challenging to be achieved in the real world. Both the intangibility and long term perspective make it less desirable than other more conspicuous economic targets for policymakers. There is a lack of a comprehensive and worldly recognised set of standards to systematically measure the inclusiveness of growth, which makes data collection and policy evaluation difficult. Proponents for inclusive growth warn that inequitable growth may have adverse political outcomes. The definition of inclusive growth implies direct links between the macroeconomic and microeconomic determinants of the economy and economic growth. The microeconomic dimension captures the importance of structural transformation for economic diversification and competition, while the macro dimension refers to changes in economic aggregates such as the country’s gross n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	17 June Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. * 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were burnt in Paris. * 1300 – Turku Cathedral is consecrated by Bishop Magnus I in the city of Turku (). * 1397 – The Kalmar Union is formed under the rule of Margaret I of Denmark. * 1462 – Vlad the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack at Târgovişte), forcing him to retreat from Wallachia. 1497 – Battle of Deptford Bridge: Forces under King Henry VII defeat troops led by Michael An Gof. 1565 – Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru. * 1579 – Sir Francis Drake claims a land he calls '' Nova Albion'' (modern California) for England. 1596 – The Dutch explorer Willem Barentsz discovers the Arctic archipelago of Spitsbergen. 1601–1900 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	7 May Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I immediately orders that the dome be rebuilt. 1274 – In France, the Second Council of Lyon opens; it ratified a decree to regulate the election of the Pope. 1342 – In Avignon, France, Cardinal Pierre Roger is elected Pope and takes the name Clement VI. * 1487 – The Siege of Málaga commences during the Spanish Reconquista. 1544 – The Burning of Edinburgh by an English army is the first action of the Rough Wooing. 1601–1900 1625 – State funeral of James VI and I (1566–1625) is held at Westminster Abbey. * 1664 – Inaugural celebrations begin at Louis XIV of France's new Palace of Versailles. 1685 – Battle of Vrtijeljka between rebels and Ottoman forces. 1697 – Stockholm's royal castle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	10 April Events Pre-1600 * 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople. * 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles). 1407 – Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama visits the Ming dynasty capital at Nanjing and is awarded the title "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma". 1500 – Ludovico Sforza is captured by Swiss troops at Novara and is handed over to the French. * 1545 – The settlement of Villa Imperial de Carlos V (now the city of Potosí) in Bolivia is founded after the discovery of huge silver deposits in the area. 1601–1900 1606 – The Virginia Company of London is established by royal charter by James I of England with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America. 1710 – The Statute of Anne, the first law regulating copyright, comes into force in Great Britain. * 1717 – Robert Walpole resigns from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	26 March Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 624 – First Eid al-Fitr celebration. * 1021 – The death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, is announced, along with the succession of his son, al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah. 1027 – Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. 1169 – Saladin becomes the emir of Egypt. * 1244 – The crown of Aragon and the crown of Castile agree in the Treaty of Almizra on the limits of their respective expansion into al-Andalus. 1344 – The Siege of Algeciras, one of the first European military engagements where gunpowder was used, comes to an end. 1351 – Combat of the Thirty: Thirty Breton knights call out and defeat thirty English knights. * 1484 – William Caxton prints his translation of ''Aesop's Fables''. * 1552 – Guru Amar Das becomes the Third Sikh guru. 1601–1900 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	EU High Representative The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the European Commission (HR/VP) is the chief co-ordinator and representative of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) within the European Union (EU). The position is currently held by Kaja Kallas. The Treaty of Amsterdam had established the position of High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy. The position was augmented by the Treaty of Lisbon, which established its current title and powers, including a seat on the European Commission as Vice-President, and a chair of the council of EU foreign ministers. The first person to hold the full title of High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, inaugurated upon the coming into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, was Catherine Ashton. Early in the first term of the post, the office-holder became assisted by the European External Action Service (EEAS) that was set up in December 2010.Gatew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	18 March Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula leaves up to 20,000 dead. 1229 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, declares himself King of Jerusalem in the Sixth Crusade. 1241 – First Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongols overwhelm Polish armies in Kraków in the Battle of Chmielnik and plunder the city. 1314 – Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and final Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake. 1438 – Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of the Romans. 1571 – Valletta is made the capital city of Malta. 1601–1900 1608 – Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia. 1644 – The Third Anglo-Powhatan War begins in the Colony of Virginia. 1673 – English lord John Berkeley sold his half of New Jersey to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	14 March Events Pre-1600 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza I of Hungary, Géza and Ladislaus I of Hungary, Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry IV of France, Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League (French), Catholic League under Charles, Duke of Mayenne, during the French Wars of Religion. 1601–1900 1647 – Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm (1647), Truce of Ulm. 1663 – According to his own account, Otto von Guericke completes his book ''Experimenta Nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de Vacuo Spatio'', detailing his experiments on vacuum and his discovery of electrostatic repulsion. 1674 – The Third Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of Ronas Voe results in the Dutch East India Company ship ''Wapen van Rotterdam'' being captured with a death toll of up to 300 Dutch crew and so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	European Court Of Justice The European Court of Justice (ECJ), officially the Court of Justice (), is the supreme court of the European Union in matters of European Union law. As a part of the Court of Justice of the European Union, it is tasked with interpreting EU law and ensuring its uniform application across all EU member states under Article 263 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The Court was established in 1952, and is based in Luxembourg. It is composed of one judge per Member State – currently – although it normally hears cases in panels of three, five or fifteen judges. The Court has been led by president Koen Lenaerts since 2015. The ECJ is the highest court of the European Union in matters of Union law, but not national law. It is not possible to appeal against the decisions of national courts in the ECJ, but rather national courts refer questions of EU law to the ECJ. However, it is ultimately for the national court to apply the resulting interpre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]