Events
Pre-1600
*
533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under
Belisarios sails from Constantinople to
attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily.
*
1307 –
Külüg Khan
Külüg Khan (Mongolian language, Mongolian: Хүлэг; Mongolian script: ; ), born Khayishan (Mongolian: Хайсан ; , , meaning "wall"), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Wuzong of Yuan () (August 4, 1281 – January 27, 1311), ...
is enthroned as
Khagan
Khagan or Qaghan (Middle Mongol:; or ''Khagan''; ) or zh, c=大汗, p=Dàhán; ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan, Khaqan, Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, Қан, or Kha'an is a title of empire, im ...
of the
Mongols
Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, China ( Inner Mongolia and other 11 autonomous territories), as well as the republics of Buryatia and Kalmykia in Russia. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family o ...
and
Wuzong of the
Yuan.
*
1529 –
French forces are driven out of northern Italy by
Spain
Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
at the
Battle of Landriano during the
War of the League of Cognac.
*
1582 –
Sengoku period
The was the period in History of Japan, Japanese history in which civil wars and social upheavals took place almost continuously in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Kyōtoku incident (1454), Ōnin War (1467), or (1493) are generally chosen as th ...
:
Oda Nobunaga
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' and one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period, Sengoku and Azuchi-Momoyama periods. He was the and regarded as the first "Great Unifier" of Japan. He is sometimes referred as the "Demon Daimyō" and "Demo ...
, the most powerful of the Japanese ''
daimyō
were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and no ...
s'', is
forced to commit suicide by his own general
Akechi Mitsuhide
, first called Jūbei from his clan and later from his title, was a Japanese ''samurai'' general of the Sengoku period. Mitsuhide was originally a bodyguard of the last Ashikaga shogunate, Ashikaga ''shōgun'' Ashikaga Yoshiaki and later, one of ...
.
1601–1900
*
1621
Events
January–March
* January 12 – Şehzade Mehmed, the 15-year old half-brother of Ottoman Sultan Osman II, is put to death by hanging on Osman's orders. Before dying, Mehmed prays aloud that Osman's reign as Sultan be r ...
–
Execution of 27 Czech noblemen on the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the
Battle of White Mountain
The Battle of White Mountain (; ) was an important battle in the early stages of the Thirty Years' War. It led to the defeat of the Bohemian Revolt and ensured Habsburg control for the next three hundred years.
It was fought on 8 November 16 ...
.
*
1734 – In
Montreal
Montreal is the List of towns in Quebec, largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Quebec, the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-largest in Canada, and the List of North American cit ...
,
New France
New France (, ) was the territory colonized by Kingdom of France, France in North America, beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Kingdom of Great Br ...
, a slave known by the French name of
Marie-Joseph Angélique is put to death, having been convicted of setting the fire that destroyed much of the city.
*
1749 –
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Halifax is the capital and most populous municipality of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Nova Scotia, and the most populous municipality in Atlantic Canada. As of 2024, it is estimated that the population of the H ...
, is founded.
*
1768 –
James Otis Jr. offends the King and Parliament in a speech to the Massachusetts General Court.
*
1788
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The first edition of ''The Times'', previously ''The Daily Universal Register'', is published in London.
* January 2 – Georgia ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fourth U.S ...
–
New Hampshire
New Hampshire ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...
becomes the ninth state to ratify the
Constitution of the United States
The Constitution of the United States is the Supremacy Clause, supreme law of the United States, United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, on March 4, 1789. Originally includi ...
.
*
1791 – King
Louis XVI of France
Louis XVI (Louis-Auguste; ; 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. The son of Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765), Louis, Dauphin of France (son and heir- ...
and his immediate family begin the
Flight to Varennes
The Flight to Varennes (French: fuite de Varennes) during the night of 20–21 June 1791 was a significant event in the French Revolution in which the French royal family—comprising Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, the Dauphin Louis Charles, ...
during the French Revolution.
*
1798 –
Irish Rebellion of 1798
The Irish Rebellion of 1798 (; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ''The Turn out'', ''The Hurries'', 1798 Rebellion) was a popular insurrection against the British Crown in what was then the separate, but subordinate, Kingdom of Ireland. The m ...
: The British Army defeats Irish rebels at the
Battle of Vinegar Hill
The Battle of Vinegar Hill (''Irish language, Irish'': ''Cath Chnoc Fhíodh na gCaor'') was a military engagement during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 on 21 June 1798 between a force of approximately 13,000 government troops under the command of ...
.
*
1813 –
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War (1808–1814) was fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Kingdom of Portugal, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French ...
: Wellington defeats Joseph Bonaparte at the
Battle of Vitoria
At the Battle of Vitoria (21 June 1813), a United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, British, Kingdom of Portugal, Portuguese and Spanish Empire, Spanish army under the Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Marquess of Wellington bro ...
.
*
1824
Events
January–March
* January 1 – John Stuart Mill begins publication of The Westminster Review. The first article is by William Johnson Fox
* January 8 – After much controversy, Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of th ...
–
Greek War of Independence
The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful war of independence by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1829. In 1826, the Greeks were assisted ...
: Egyptian forces capture
Psara in the Aegean Sea.
*
1826 –
Maniots
The Maniots () or Maniates () are an ethnic Greeks, Greek subgroup that traditionally inhabit the Mani Peninsula; located in western Laconia and eastern Messenia, in the southern Peloponnese, Greece. They were also formerly known as Mainotes, an ...
defeat Egyptians under Ibrahim Pasha in the
Battle of Vergas.
*
1848 – In the
Wallachian Revolution,
Ion Heliade Rădulescu and
Christian Tell issue the
Proclamation of Islaz and create a new republican government.
*
1864
Events
January
* January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster ("Oh! Susanna", "Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song "Beautiful Dream ...
–
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
: The
Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road begins.
*
1898
Events
January
* January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queen ...
– The United States
captures Guam from Spain. The few warning shots fired by the U.S. naval vessels are misinterpreted as salutes by the Spanish garrison, which was unaware that the two nations were at war.
*
1900
As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15 ...
–
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising, was an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty, by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious F ...
: China formally declares war on the United States, Britain, Germany, France and Japan, as an edict issued from the
Empress Dowager Cixi
Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908) was a Manchu noblewoman of the Yehe Nara clan who effectively but periodically controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty as empress dowager and regent for almost 50 ...
.
1901–present
*
1915 – The
U.S. Supreme Court hands down its decision in ''
Guinn v. United States'' 238 US 347 1915, striking down
Oklahoma
Oklahoma ( ; Choctaw language, Choctaw: , ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northea ...
grandfather clause legislation which had the effect of denying the right to vote to blacks.
*
1919 – The
Royal Canadian Mounted Police
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP; , GRC) is the Law enforcement in Canada, national police service of Canada. The RCMP is an agency of the Government of Canada; it also provides police services under contract to 11 Provinces and terri ...
fire a volley into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two, during the
Winnipeg general strike
The Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 was one of the most famous and influential strikes in Canadian history. For six weeks, May 15 to June 26, more than 30,000 strikers brought economic activity to a standstill in Winnipeg, Manitoba, which at the ...
.
* 1919 – Admiral
Ludwig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet at
Scapa Flow,
Orkney
Orkney (), also known as the Orkney Islands, is an archipelago off the north coast of mainland Scotland. The plural name the Orkneys is also sometimes used, but locals now consider it outdated. Part of the Northern Isles along with Shetland, ...
. The nine sailors killed are the last casualties of
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
.
*
1921
Events
January
* January 2
** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in First Brazilian Republic, Brazil.
** The Spanish lin ...
– The Irish village of Knockcroghery
was burned by British forces.
[Healy, P., ''God Save All Here'' (1999) at p.21.][Roscommon People, 24 June 2016, at p. 39]
*
1929 – An agreement brokered by U.S. Ambassador
Dwight Whitney Morrow ends the
Cristero War in Mexico.
*
1930 – One-year
conscription
Conscription, also known as the draft in the United States and Israel, is the practice in which the compulsory enlistment in a national service, mainly a military service, is enforced by law. Conscription dates back to antiquity and it conti ...
comes into force in France.
*
1940
A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280.
Events
Below, events related to World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
*Janu ...
–
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
: Italy begins an
unsuccessful invasion of France.
*
1942
The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
– World War II:
Tobruk falls to Italian and German forces; 33,000 Allied troops are taken prisoner.
* 1942 – World War II: A Japanese submarine surfaces near the Columbia River in Oregon,
firing 17 shells at Fort Stevens in one of only a handful of attacks by Japan against the United States mainland.
*
1945
1945 marked the end of World War II, the fall of Nazi Germany, and the Empire of Japan. It is also the year concentration camps were liberated and the only year in which atomic weapons have been used in combat.
Events
World War II will be ...
– World War II: The
Battle of Okinawa
The , codenamed Operation Iceberg, was a major battle of the Pacific War fought on the island of Okinawa Island, Okinawa by United States Army and United States Marine Corps forces against the Imperial Japanese Army during the Pacific War, Impe ...
ends when the organized resistance of
Imperial Japanese Army
The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; , ''Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun'', "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the principal ground force of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945. It played a central role in Japan’s rapid modernization during th ...
forces collapses in the Mabuni area on the southern tip of the main island.
*
1952
Events January–February
* January 26 – Cairo Fire, Black Saturday in Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses.
* February 6
** Princess Elizabeth, ...
– The Philippine School of Commerce, through a republic act, is converted to Philippine College of Commerce, later to be the
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
The Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP; ) is a public, coeducational, research university in Santa Mesa, Manila, Philippines. It was founded on 19 October 1904, as the Manila Business School (MBS) and as part of Manila's public sch ...
.
*
1957
Events January
* January 1 – The Saarland joins West Germany.
* January 3 – Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch.
* January 5 – South African player Russell Endean becomes the first batsman to be Dismissal (cricke ...
–
Ellen Fairclough is sworn in as Canada's first female
Cabinet Minister
A minister is a politician who heads a ministry, making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers. In some jurisdictions the head of government is also a minister and is designated the ' prime minister', ' p ...
.
*
1963
Events January
* January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...
– Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini is
elected as
Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI (born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 until his death on 6 August 1978. Succeeding John XXII ...
.
*
1964
Events January
* January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved.
* January 5 – In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patria ...
– Three
civil rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' political freedom, freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and ...
workers,
Andrew Goodman,
James Chaney and
Michael Schwerner,
are murdered in
Neshoba County, Mississippi, United States, by members of the
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan (), commonly shortened to KKK or Klan, is an American Protestant-led Christian terrorism, Christian extremist, white supremacist, Right-wing terrorism, far-right hate group. It was founded in 1865 during Reconstruction era, ...
.
*
1970
Events
January
* January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC.
* January 5 – The 7.1 1970 Tonghai earthquake, Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli ...
–
Penn Central declares Section 77
bankruptcy
Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the deb ...
in what was the largest U.S. corporate bankruptcy to date.
*
1973
Events January
* January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union.
* January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...
– The
Primer Congreso del Hombre Andino is inaugurated in
Arica
Arica ( ; ) is a commune and a port city with a population of 222,619 in the Arica Province of northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region. It is Chile's northernmost city, being located only south of the border with Peru. The city is the ca ...
, Chile.
*1973 – In its decision in ''
Miller v. California'', 413 U.S. 15, the
Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all Federal tribunals in the United States, U.S. federal court cases, and over Stat ...
establishes the
Miller test
The ''Miller'' test, also called the three-prong obscenity test, is the United States Supreme Court's test for determining whether speech or expression can be labeled obscene, in which case it is not protected by the First Amendment to the Unite ...
for determining whether something is
obscene
An obscenity is any utterance or act that strongly offends the prevalent morality of the time. It is derived from the Latin , , "boding ill; disgusting; indecent", of uncertain etymology. Generally, the term can be used to indicate strong moral ...
and not protected speech under the U.S. constitution.
*
1978
Events January
* January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213.
* January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
– The original production of
Tim Rice and
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is an English composer and impresario of musical theatre. Several of his musicals have run for more than a decade both in the West End theatre, West End and on Broadway theatre, Broad ...
's
musical
Musical is the adjective of music.
Musical may also refer to:
* Musical theatre, a performance art that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting and dance
* Musical film
Musical film is a film genre in which songs by the Character (arts), charac ...
, ''
Evita'', based on the life of
Eva Perón, opens at the
Prince Edward Theatre,
London
London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
.
*
1982 –
John Hinckley is found
not guilty by reason of insanity for the
attempted assassination of U.S. President
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He was a member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party a ...
.
*
1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a n ...
–
Braathens SAFE Flight 139 is hijacked on approach to
Oslo Airport, Fornebu. Special forces arrest the hijacker and there are no fatalities.
*
1989
1989 was a turning point in political history with the "Revolutions of 1989" which ended communism in Eastern Bloc of Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power-sharing coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin W ...
– The
U.S. Supreme Court rules in ''
Texas v. Johnson'', 491 U.S. 397, that American flag-burning is a form of political protest protected by the First Amendment.
*
1993
The United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as:
* International Year for the World's Indigenous People
The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its ...
–
Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'' is launched on
STS-57
STS-57 was a NASA Space Shuttle- Spacehab mission of that launched June 21, 1993, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
Crew
Spacewalk
* Personnel: Low and Wisoff
* Date: June 25, 1993 (13:07–18:57 UTC)
* Duration: 5 hours and 50&n ...
to retrieve the
European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) satellite. It is also the first shuttle mission to carry the
Spacehab module.
[ ]
*
2000
2000 was designated as the International Year for the Culture of Peace and the World Mathematics, Mathematical Year.
Popular culture holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium, because of a tende ...
–
Section 28 (of the
Local Government Act 1988), outlawing the 'promotion' of
homosexuality
Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or Human sexual activity, sexual behavior between people of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexu ...
in the United Kingdom, is repealed in Scotland with a 99 to 17 vote.
*
2001
The year's most prominent event was the September 11 attacks against the United States by al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror. The United States led a Participan ...
– A federal grand jury in
Alexandria, Virginia
Alexandria is an independent city (United States), independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately south of Washington, D.C., D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 ...
, indicts 13 Saudis and a Lebanese in the 1996 bombing of the
Khobar Towers in
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...
that killed 19 American servicemen.
*
2004
2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and Its Abolition (by UNESCO).
Events January
* January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
– ''
SpaceShipOne
SpaceShipOne is an experimental air launch, air-launched rocket-powered aircraft with sub-orbital spaceflight capability at speeds of up to /
using a hybrid rocket motor. The design features a unique "Feathering (reentry), feathering" atmosph ...
'' becomes the first privately funded
spaceplane
A spaceplane is a vehicle that can flight, fly and gliding flight, glide as an aircraft in Earth's atmosphere and function as a spacecraft in outer space. To do so, spaceplanes must incorporate features of both aircraft and spacecraft. Orbit ...
to achieve
spaceflight
Spaceflight (or space flight) is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without humans on board. Most spaceflight is uncrewed and conducted mainly with spacecraft such ...
.
*
2005
2005 was designated as the International Year for Sport and Physical Education and the International Year of Microcredit. The beginning of 2005 also marked the end of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples, Internationa ...
–
Edgar Ray Killen, who had previously been unsuccessfully tried for the murders of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Mickey Schwerner, is convicted of manslaughter 41 years afterwards (the case had been reopened in 2004).
*
2006
2006 was designated as the International Year of Deserts and Desertification.
Events
January
* January 1– 4 – Russia temporarily cuts shipment of natural gas to Ukraine during a price dispute.
* January 12 – A stampede during t ...
–
Pluto
Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of Trans-Neptunian object, bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the Su ...
's newly discovered moons are officially named
Nix and
Hydra.
*2006 – A
Yeti Airlines
Yeti Airlines Pvt. Ltd. () is an airline based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The airline was established in May 1998 and received its air operator's certificate on 17 August 1998. Since 2019, Yeti Airlines is the first Carbon neutrality, carbon neutra ...
de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter is a Canadian STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada in the mid-1960s and still in production today. Built by De Havilland Canada from 1965 to 1988, Viking ...
crashes at
Jumla Airport in Nepal, killing nine people.
*
2009
2009 was designated as the International Year of Astronomy by the United Nations to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Galileo Galilei's first known astronomical studies with a telescope and the publication of Astronomia Nova by Joha ...
–
Greenland
Greenland is an autonomous territory in the Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark. It is by far the largest geographically of three constituent parts of the kingdom; the other two are metropolitan Denmark and the Faroe Islands. Citizens of Greenlan ...
assumes
self-rule.
*
2012
2012 was designated as:
*International Year of Cooperatives
*International Year of Sustainable Energy for All
Events January
*January 4 – The Cicada 3301 internet hunt begins.
* January 12 – Peaceful protests begin in the R ...
– A boat carrying more than 200 migrants
capsizes in the Indian Ocean between the Indonesian island of Java and Christmas Island, killing 17 people and leaving 70 others missing.
*2012 – An
Indonesian Air Force
The Indonesian Air Force (, sometimes shortened as IDAF / IdAF) is the Air force, aerial branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. The Indonesian Air Force is headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia, and is headed by the Chief of Staff of th ...
Fokker F27 Friendship crashes near
Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport, killing 11.
Births
Pre-1600
*
906 –
Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Saffarid emir (died 963)
*
1002 –
Pope Leo IX
Pope Leo IX (, , 21 June 1002 – 19 April 1054), born Bruno von Egisheim-Dagsburg, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 February 1049 to his death in 1054. Leo IX is considered to be one of the most historica ...
(died 1054)
*
1226 –
Bolesław V the Chaste of Poland (died 1279)
*
1521 –
John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev (died 1580)
*
1528
__NOTOC__
Year 1528 ( MDXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, there is also a Leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–March
* January 12 – Gustav I of Sweden is ...
–
Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (died 1603)
*
1535 –
Leonhard Rauwolf
Leonhard Rauwolf (also spelled Leonhart Rauwolff) (21 June 1535 – 15 September 1596) was a German physician, botanist, and traveller. His main notability arises from a trip he made through the Levant and Mesopotamia in 1573–75. The motive of t ...
, German physician and botanist (died 1596)
*
1565 –
Scipione Chiaramonti, Italian philosopher and astronomer (died 1652)
1601–1900
*
1630 –
Samuel Oppenheimer, German Jewish banker and diplomat (died 1703)
*
1636 –
Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, French noble (died 1721)
*
1639
Events
January–March
* January 19 – Hämeenlinna () is granted privileges, after it separates from the Vanaja parish, as its own city in Tavastia.
*c. January – The first printing press in British North America is ...
– (
O.S.)
Increase Mather, American minister and author (died 1723)
*
1676
Events
January–March
* January 29 – Feodor III of Russia, Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia.
* January 31 – Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, the oldest institution of higher education in Central America, is f ...
– (
O.S.)
Anthony Collins, English philosopher and author (died 1729)
*
1706
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Monday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–March
* January 26
** War of Spanish Succession: The uprising by Bavarians aga ...
–
John Dollond, English optician and astronomer (died 1761)
*
1710 –
James Short, Scottish-English mathematician and optician (died 1768)
*
1712
In the Swedish calendar it began as a leap year starting on Monday and remained so until Thursday, February 29. By adding a second leap day, Friday, February 30, Sweden reverted to the Julian calendar and the rest of the year (from Saturday, M ...
–
Luc Urbain de Bouëxic, comte de Guichen, French admiral (died 1790)
*
1730 –
Motoori Norinaga, Japanese poet and scholar (died 1801)
*
1732 –
Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, German pianist and composer (died 1791)
*
1736 – (
O.S.)
Enoch Poor, American general (died 1780)
*
1741
Events
January–March
* January 13
** Lanesborough, Massachusetts is created as a township.
** Conventicle Act of 1741 is introduced in Denmark-Norway.
*February 13 – Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain ...
–
Prince Benedetto, Duke of Chablais (died 1808)
*
1750 –
Pierre-Nicolas Beauvallet, French sculptor and illustrator (died 1818)
*
1759 –
Alexander J. Dallas, American lawyer and politician, 6th
United States Secretary of the Treasury
The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal a ...
(died 1817)
*
1763 –
Pierre Paul Royer-Collard, French philosopher and academic (died 1845)
*
1764
Events
January–June
* January 7 – The Siculicidium is carried out as hundreds of the Székely minority in Transylvania are massacred by the Austrian Army at Madéfalva.
* January 19 – John Wilkes is expelled from th ...
–
Sidney Smith, English admiral and politician (died 1840)
*
1774 –
Daniel D. Tompkins, American lawyer and politician, 6th
Vice President of the United States
The vice president of the United States (VPOTUS) is the second-highest ranking office in the Executive branch of the United States government, executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the president of the United States, and ranks f ...
(died 1825)
*
1781
Events
January–March
* January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister of Great Britain, enters Parliament of Great Britain, Parliament, aged 21.
* January 1 – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens ...
–
Siméon Denis Poisson
Baron Siméon Denis Poisson (, ; ; 21 June 1781 – 25 April 1840) was a French mathematician and physicist who worked on statistics, complex analysis, partial differential equations, the calculus of variations, analytical mechanics, electricity ...
, French mathematician and physicist (died 1840)
*
1786
Events
January–March
* January 3 – The third Treaty of Hopewell is signed between the United States and the Choctaw.
* January 6 – The outward bound East Indiaman '' Halsewell'' is wrecked on the south coast of Englan ...
–
Charles Edward Horn, English opera singer and composer (died 1849)
*
1792
Events
January–March
* January 9 – The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea.
* January 25 – The London Corresponding Society is founded.
* February 18 – Thomas Holcrof ...
–
Ferdinand Christian Baur, German theologian and scholar (died 1860)
*
1797 –
Wilhelm Küchelbecker, Russian poet and author (died 1846)
*
1798 –
Alexander Thomson of Banchory, Scottish jurist, agriculturalist and religious activist (died 1868)
*
1802 –
Karl Zittel, German theologian (died 1871)
*
1805 –
Karl Friedrich Curschmann, German composer and singer (died 1841)
* 1805 –
Charles Thomas Jackson, American physician and geologist (died 1880)
*
1814
Events January
* January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine.
* January 3
** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French gar ...
–
Paweł Bryliński, Polish sculptor (died 1890)
* 1814 –
Anton Nuhn, German anatomist and academic (died 1889)
*
1823 –
Jean Chacornac, French astronomer (died 1873)
*
1825 –
Thomas Edward Cliffe Leslie, Irish economist and jurist (died 1882)
* 1825 –
William Stubbs
William Stubbs (21 June 182522 April 1901) was an English historian and Anglican bishop. He was Regius Professor of History (Oxford), Regius Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford between 1866 and 1884. He was Bishop of Ches ...
, English bishop and historian (died 1901)
*
1828
Events
January–March
* January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France.
* January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organiz ...
–
Ferdinand André Fouqué, French geologist and academic (died 1904)
* 1828 –
Nikolaus Nilles, German Catholic writer and teacher (died 1907)
*
1834 –
Frans de Cort, Flemish poet and author (died 1878)
*
1836
Events January–March
* January 1 — Hill Street Academy is named Colombo Academy and acquired by the Government, establishing the first public school in Sri Lanka.
* January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand ...
–
Luigi Tripepi, Italian theologian (died 1906)
*
1839
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre.
* January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years.
* January 9 – ...
–
Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, Brazilian author, poet, and playwright (died 1908)
*
1845
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The Philippines began reckoning Asian dates by hopping the International Date Line through skipping Tuesday, December 31, 1844. That time zone shift was a reform made by Governor–General Narciso ...
–
Samuel Griffith, Welsh-Australian politician, 9th
Premier of Queensland
The premier of Queensland is the head of government in the Australian state of Queensland.
By convention the premier is the leader of the party with a parliamentary majority in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland. The premier is appointed ...
(died 1920)
* 1845 –
Arthur Cowper Ranyard, English astrophysicist and astronomer (died 1894)
*
1846
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom.
* January 13 – The Milan–Venice railway's bridge, over the Venetian Lagoon betwee ...
–
Marion Adams-Acton, Scottish-English author and playwright (died 1928)
* 1846 –
Enrico Coleman, Italian painter (died 1911)
*
1850
Events
January–March
* January 29 – Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the United States Congress.
* January 31 – The University of Rochester is founded in Rochester, New York.
* January – Sacramento, Ca ...
–
Daniel Carter Beard, American author and illustrator, co-founded the
Boy Scouts of America
Scouting America is the largest scouting organization and one of the largest List of youth organizations, youth organizations in the United States, with over 1 million youth, including nearly 200,000 female participants. Founded as the Boy Sco ...
(died 1941)
*
1857
Events January–March
* January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, '' Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen.
* January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating.
* Ja ...
–
Charles Alderton, American pharmacist, founded
Dr. Pepper (died 1941)
*
1858 –
Giuseppe De Sanctis, Italian painter (died 1924)
* 1858 –
Medardo Rosso, Italian sculptor and educator (died 1928)
*
1859 –
Henry Ossawa Tanner
Henry Ossawa Tanner (June 21, 1859 – May 25, 1937) was an American artist who spent much of his career in France. He became the first African-American art, African-American painter to gain international acclaim. Tanner moved to Paris, France, ...
, American-French painter and illustrator (died 1937)
*
1860
Events
January
* January 2 – The astronomer Urbain Le Verrier announces the discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan (hypothetical planet), Vulcan at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France.
* January 10 &ndas ...
–
William Dobinson Halliburton, British physiologist and biochemist (died 1931)
*
1862
Events
January
* January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria.
* January 6 – Second French intervention in Mexico, French intervention in Mexico: Second French Empire, French, Spanish and British ...
–
Damrong Rajanubhab
Prince Tisavarakumara, the Prince Damrong Rajanubhab (; Full transcription is "Somdet Phrachao Borommawongthoe Phra-ongchao Ditsawarakuman Kromphraya Damrongrachanuphap" (สมเด็จพระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ พ� ...
, Thai historian and author (died 1943)
*
1863
Events
January
* January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate States of America an official war goal. The signing ...
–
Ludwig Lange, German physicist (died 1936)
* 1863 –
Max Wolf
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography. He was the chairman of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg and director of the Heidelberg-K� ...
, German astronomer and academic (died 1932)
*
1864
Events
January
* January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster ("Oh! Susanna", "Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song "Beautiful Dream ...
–
Heinrich Wölfflin, Swiss historian and critic (died 1945)
*
1866
Events January
* January 1
** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee.
** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine '' The Liberator'' is published.
* January 6 – Ottoman troops clash ...
–
Matt Kilroy, American baseball player (died 1940)
*
1867
There were only 354 days this year in the newly purchased territory of Alaska. When the territory transferred from the Russian Empire to the United States, the calendric transition from the Julian to the Gregorian Calendar was made with only 1 ...
–
Oscar Florianus Bluemner, German-American painter and illustrator (died 1938)
* 1867 –
William Brede Kristensen, Norwegian historian of religion (died 1953)
*
1868 –
Edwin Stephen Goodrich, English zoologist and anatomist (died 1946)
*
1870
Events
January
* January 1
** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England.
** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed.
* January 3 – Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge be ...
–
Clara Immerwahr, Jewish-German chemist and academic (died 1915)
* 1870 –
Anthony Michell, English-Australian engineer (died 1959)
* 1870 –
Julio Ruelas, Mexican painter (died 1907)
*
1874 –
Jacob Linzbach, Estonian linguist (died 1953)
*
1876
Events
January
* January 1
** The Reichsbank opens in Berlin.
** The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol.
*January 27 – The Northampton Bank robbery occurs in Massachusetts.
February
* Febr ...
–
Willem Hendrik Keesom, Dutch physicist and academic (died 1956)
*
1880
Events
January
*January 27 – Thomas Edison is granted a patent for the incandescent light bulb. Edison filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires." gr ...
–
Arnold Gesell
Arnold Lucius Gesell (21 June 1880 – 29 May 1961) was an American psychologist, pediatrician and professor at Yale University known for his research and contributions to the fields of child hygiene and child development.Harris, B. (2011). Arn ...
, American psychologist and pediatrician (died 1961)
* 1880 –
Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp, English economist and civil servant (died 1941)
*
1881 – (
O.S.)
Natalia Goncharova, Russian painter, costume designer, and illustrator (died 1962)
*
1882 –
Ya'acov Ben-Dov, Israeli photographer and cinematographer (died 1968)
*1882 –
Lluís Companys, Spanish lawyer and politician, 123rd
President of Catalonia (died 1940)
* 1882 –
Adrianus de Jong, Dutch fencer and soldier (died 1966)
* 1882 –
Rockwell Kent, American painter and illustrator (died 1971)
*
1883 –
Feodor Gladkov, Russian author and educator (died 1958)
*
1884 –
Claude Auchinleck
Field marshal (United Kingdom), Field Marshal Sir Claude John Eyre Auchinleck ( ) (21 June 1884 – 23 March 1981), was a British Indian Army commander who saw active service during the world wars. A career soldier who spent much of his militar ...
, English field marshal (died 1981)
*
1887 –
Norman L. Bowen, Canadian geologist and petrologist (died 1956)
*
1889 –
Ralph Craig, American sprinter and sailor (died 1972)
*
1891 –
Pier Luigi Nervi, Italian architect and engineer, co-designed the
Pirelli Tower and
Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption (died 1979)
* 1891 –
Hermann Scherchen, German-Swiss viola player and conductor (died 1966)
*
1892 –
Reinhold Niebuhr
Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr (June 21, 1892 – June 1, 1971) was an American Reformed theologian, ethicist, commentator on politics and public affairs, and professor at Union Theological Seminary for more than 30 years. Niebuhr was one of Ameri ...
, American theologian and academic (died 1971)
*
1893 –
Alois Hába, Czech composer and educator (died 1973)
*
1894 –
Milward Kennedy, English journalist and civil servant (died 1968)
* 1894 –
Harry Schmidt, German mathematician and physicist (died 1951)
*
1896 –
Charles Momsen, American admiral, invented the
Momsen lung (died 1967)
*
1899
Events January
* January 1
** Spanish rule formally ends in Cuba with the cession of Spanish sovereignty to the U.S., concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (February 1899), p ...
–
Pavel Haas, Czech composer (died 1944)
*
1900
As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15 ...
–
Georges-Henri Bousquet, French economist and Islamologist (died 1978)
1901–present
*
1903 –
Hermann Engelhard, German runner and coach (died 1984)
* 1903 –
Al Hirschfeld
Albert Hirschfeld (June 21, 1903 – January 20, 2003) was an American caricaturist best known for his black and white portraits of celebrities and Broadway stars.
Early life and career
Al Hirschfeld was born in 1903 in a two-story duplex apa ...
, American caricaturist, painter and illustrator (died 2003)
*
1905 –
Jacques Goddet, French journalist (died 2000)
* 1905 –
Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (, ; ; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary criticism, literary critic, considered a leading figure in 20th ...
, French philosopher and author (died 1980)
*
1906
Events
January–February
* January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, ...
–
Grete Sultan, German-American pianist (died 2005)
*
1908 –
William Frankena, American philosopher and academic (died 1994)
*
1910 –
Aleksandr Tvardovsky, Russian poet and author (died 1971)
*
1911
Events January
* January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are added to the Commonwealth of Australia.
* January 3
** 1911 Kebin earthquake: An earthquake of 7.7 m ...
–
Irving Fein, American producer and manager (died 2012)
*
1912
This year is notable for Sinking of the Titanic, the sinking of the ''Titanic'', which occurred on April 15.
In Albania, this leap year runs with only 353 days as the country achieved switching from the Julian to Gregorian Calendar by skippin ...
–
Kazimierz Leski, Polish pilot and engineer (died 2000)
* 1912 –
Mary McCarthy, American novelist and critic (died 1989)
* 1912 –
Vishnu Prabhakar, Indian author and playwright (died 2009)
*
1913
Events January
* January – Joseph Stalin travels to Vienna to research his ''Marxism and the National Question''. This means that, during this month, Stalin, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito are all living in the city.
* January 3 &ndash ...
–
Madihe Pannaseeha Thero, Sri Lankan monk and scholar (died 2003)
* 1913 –
Luis Taruc
Luis Mangalus Taruc (; June 21, 1913 – May 4, 2005) was a Filipino people, Filipino political figure and rebel during the agrarian unrest of the 1930s until the end of the Cold War. He was the leader of the Hukbalahap group (from ''Hukbong B ...
, Filipino political activist (died 2005)
*
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
–
William Vickrey, Canadian-American economist and academic,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (died 1996)
*
1915 –
Wilhelm Gliese, German soldier and astronomer (died 1993)
*
1916 –
Joseph Cyril Bamford, English businessman, founded
J. C. Bamford (died 2001)
* 1916 –
Tchan Fou-li, Chinese photographer (died 2018)
* 1916 –
Herbert Friedman, American physicist and astronomer (died 2000)
* 1916 –
Buddy O'Connor, Canadian ice hockey player (died 1977)
*
1918
The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
–
Robert A. Boyd, Canadian engineer (died 2006)
* 1918 –
James Joll, English historian, author, and academic (died 1994)
* 1918 –
Eddie Lopat, American baseball player, coach, and manager (died 1992)
* 1918 –
J. Clyde Mitchell, British sociologist and anthropologist (died 1995)
* 1918 –
Dee Molenaar, American mountaineer (died 2020)
* 1918 –
Robert V. Roosa, American economist and banker (died 1993)
* 1918 –
Tibor Szele
Tibor Szele (21 June 1918 – 5 April 1955) Hungarian mathematician, working in combinatorics and abstract algebra
In mathematics, more specifically algebra, abstract algebra or modern algebra is the study of algebraic structures, which ...
, Hungarian mathematician and academic (died 1955)
* 1918 –
Josephine Webb, American engineer (died 2017)
*
1919 –
Antonia Mesina, Italian martyr and saint (died 1935)
* 1919 –
Gérard Pelletier, Canadian journalist and politician (died 1997)
* 1919 –
Vladimir Simagin, Russian chess player and coach (died 1968)
* 1919 –
Paolo Soleri, Italian-American architect, designed the
Cosanti (died 2013)
*
1920 –
Hans Gerschwiler, Swiss figure skater (died 2017)
*
1921
Events
January
* January 2
** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in First Brazilian Republic, Brazil.
** The Spanish lin ...
–
Judy Holliday
Judy Holliday (born Judith Tuvim, June 21, 1921 – June 7, 1965) was an American actress, comedian, and singer.Obituary ''Variety Obituaries, Variety'', June 9, 1965, p. 71.
She began her career as part of a nightclub act before working in Bro ...
, American actress and singer (died 1965)
* 1921 –
Jane Russell, American actress and singer (died 2011)
* 1921 –
William Edwin Self, American actor, producer, and production manager (died 2010)
*
1922 –
Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Burkinabé historian, politician and writer (died 2006)
*
1923
In Greece, this year contained only 352 days as 13 days was skipped to achieve the calendrical switch from Julian to Gregorian Calendar. It happened there that Wednesday, 15 February ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Thursday, 1 March ' ...
–
Jacques Hébert, Canadian journalist and politician (died 2007)
*
1924 –
Pontus Hultén, Swedish art collector and historian (died 2006)
* 1924 –
Ezzatolah Entezami, Iranian actor (died 2018)
* 1924 –
Wally Fawkes, British-Canadian jazz clarinetist and satirical cartoonist (died 2023)
* 1924 –
Jean Laplanche
Jean Laplanche (; 21 June 1924 – 6 May 2012) was a French author, psychoanalyst and winemaker. Laplanche is best known for his work on psychosexual development and Sigmund Freud's seduction theory, and wrote more than a dozen books on psych ...
, French psychoanalyst and academic (died 2012)
*
1925
Events January
* January 1 – The Syrian Federation is officially dissolved, the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus having been replaced by the State of Syria (1925–1930), State of Syria.
* January 3 – Benito Mussolini m ...
–
Larisa Avdeyeva, Russian mezzo-soprano (died 2013)
* 1925 –
Stanley Moss, American poet, publisher, and art dealer (died 2024)
* 1925 –
Giovanni Spadolini
Giovanni Spadolini (; 21 June 1925 – 4 August 1994) was an Italian politician and statesman, who served as the 44th prime minister of Italy. He had been a leading figure in the Republican Party and the first head of a government to not be ...
, Italian journalist and politician, 45th
Prime Minister of Italy
The prime minister of Italy, officially the president of the Council of Ministers (), is the head of government of the Italy, Italian Republic. The office of president of the Council of Ministers is established by articles 92–96 of the Co ...
(died 1994)
* 1925 –
Maureen Stapleton
Lois Maureen Stapleton (June 21, 1925 – March 13, 2006) was an American actress. She received numerous accolades becoming one of the few actors to have achieved the Triple Crown of Acting winning an Academy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award ...
, American actress (died 2006)
*
1926
In Turkey, the year technically contained only 352 days. As Friday, December 18, 1926 ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Saturday, January 1, 1927 '' (Gregorian Calendar)''. 13 days were dropped to make the switch. Turkey thus became the ...
–
Fred Cone, American football player (died 2021)
* 1926 –
Conrad Hall, French-American cinematographer (died 2003)
*
1927
Events January
* January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the BBC, British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, John Reith becomes the first ...
–
Carl Stokes, American lawyer, politician, and diplomat,
United States Ambassador to Seychelles (died 1996)
*
1928
Events January
* January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly demonstrating that DNA is the genetic material.
* January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris B ...
–
Wolfgang Haken, German-American mathematician and academic (died 2022)
* 1928 –
Fiorella Mari, Brazilian-Italian actress (died 1983)
* 1928 –
Margit Bara, Hungarian actress (died 2016)
*
1930 –
Gerald Kaufman, English journalist and politician,
Shadow Foreign Secretary
The shadow secretary of state for foreign, Commonwealth and development affairs, commonly called the shadow foreign secretary, is a position within the Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom), UK official opposition shadow cabinet th ...
(died 2017)
* 1930 –
Mike McCormack, American football player and coach (died 2013)
*
1931 –
Zlatko Grgić, Croatian-Canadian animator, director, and screenwriter (died 1988)
* 1931 –
Margaret Heckler, American journalist, lawyer, and politician, 15th
United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
The United States secretary of health and human services is the head of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all health matters. The secretary is ...
(died 2018)
* 1931 –
David Kushnir, Israeli Olympic long-jumper (died 2020)
*
1932
Events January
* January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel.
* January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
–
Bernard Ingham, English journalist and civil servant (died 2023)
* 1932 –
Lalo Schifrin
Boris Claudio "Lalo" Schifrin (born June 21, 1932) is an Argentine-American pianist, composer, arranger, and conductor. He is best known for his large body of film and TV scores since the 1950s, incorporating jazz and Music of Latin America, Lati ...
, Argentinian pianist, composer, and conductor
* 1932 –
O.C. Smith, American R&B/jazz singer (died 2001)
*
1933
Events
January
* January 11 – Australian aviator Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand.
* January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independen ...
–
Bernie Kopell
Bernard Morton Kopell (born June 21, 1933) is an American character actor known for his roles as Siegfried in ''Get Smart'' from 1966 to 1969 and as Dr. Adam Bricker ("Doc") on ''The Love Boat'' from 1977 to 1986.
Early life
Kopell was born in B ...
, American actor and comedian
*
1935
Events
January
* January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims.
* January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...
–
Françoise Sagan
Françoise Sagan (; born Françoise Delphine Quoirez; 21 June 1935 – 24 September 2004) was a French playwright, novelist, and screenwriter. Sagan was known for works with strong romantic themes involving wealthy and disillusioned bourgeois ch ...
, French author and playwright (died 2004)
*
1937 –
John Edrich
John Hugh Edrich, (21 June 1937 – 23 December 2020) was an English first-class cricketer who, during a career that ran from 1956 to 1978, was considered one of the best batsmen of his generation. Born in Blofield, Norfolk, Edrich came from ...
, English cricketer and coach (died 2020)
*
1938
Events
January
* January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS).
* January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Saf ...
–
Don Black, English songwriter
* 1938 –
John W. Dower, American historian and author
* 1938 –
Michael M. Richter, German mathematician and computer scientist (died 2020)
*
1940
A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280.
Events
Below, events related to World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
*Janu ...
–
Mariette Hartley, American actress and television personality
* 1940 –
Michael Ruse, Canadian philosopher and academic
*
1941
The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...
–
Aloysius Paul D'Souza, Indian Catholic bishop
* 1941 –
Joe Flaherty, American-Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter (died 2024)
* 1941 –
Lyman Ward, Canadian actor
*
1942
The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
–
Clive Brooke, Baron Brooke of Alverthorpe, English businessman and politician
* 1942 –
Norbert Brunner, Swiss Catholic bishop
* 1942 –
Paul Chernoff, American mathematician (died 2017)
* 1942 –
Marjorie Margolies, American journalist and politician
* 1942 –
Henry S. Taylor
Henry Splawn Taylor (June 21, 1942 - October 13, 2024) was an American poet, academic, and translator. The author of more than 15 books of poems, translation, and nonfiction, he won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1986.
Early life and educat ...
, American author and poet
* 1942 –
Flaviano Vicentini, Italian cyclist (died 2002)
* 1942 –
Togo D. West Jr., American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 3rd
United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs
The United States secretary of veterans affairs is the head of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, the department concerned with veterans' benefits, health care, and national veterans' memorials and cemeteries. The secretary is a me ...
(died 2018)
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 � ...
–
Eumir Deodato, Brazilian pianist, composer, and producer
* 1943 –
Diane Marleau, Canadian accountant and politician,
Canadian Minister of Health (died 2013)
* 1943 –
Brian Sternberg, American pole vaulter (died 2013)
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
–
Ray Davies
Sir Raymond Douglas Davies ( ; born 21 June 1944) is an English musician. He was the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and primary songwriter for the Rock music, rock band the Kinks, which he led, with his younger brother Dave Davies, Dave pro ...
, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1944 –
Jon Hiseman, English drummer (died 2018)
* 1944 –
Tony Scott
Anthony David Leighton Scott (21 June 1944 – 19 August 2012) was a British film director and producer.
He made his theatrical film debut with ''The Hunger (1983 film), The Hunger'' (1983) and went on to direct highly successful action and t ...
, English-American director and producer (died 2012)
*
1945
1945 marked the end of World War II, the fall of Nazi Germany, and the Empire of Japan. It is also the year concentration camps were liberated and the only year in which atomic weapons have been used in combat.
Events
World War II will be ...
–
Robert Dewar, English-American computer scientist and academic (died 2015)
* 1945 –
Adam Zagajewski, Polish author and poet (died 2021)
*
1946
1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
–
Per Eklund, Swedish race car driver
* 1946 –
Kate Hoey, Northern Irish-British academic and politician,
Minister for Sport and the Olympics
The minister for sport and civil society was a Minister (government), junior minister in the Department for Culture, Media and Sport of the Government of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom government, with responsibility for sport and Civil Socie ...
* 1946 –
Brenda Holloway, American singer-songwriter
* 1946 –
Trond Kirkvaag, Norwegian actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2007)
* 1946 –
Malcolm Rifkind
Sir Malcolm Leslie Rifkind (born 21 June 1946) is a British politician who served in the cabinets of Margaret Thatcher and John Major from 1986 to 1997, and most recently as chair of the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament from 2 ...
, Scottish lawyer and politician,
Secretary of State for Scotland
The secretary of state for Scotland (; ), also referred to as the Scottish secretary, is a Secretary of State (United Kingdom), secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Scotland Office. The incum ...
* 1946 –
Maurice Saatchi, Baron Saatchi, Iraqi-British businessman, founded
M&C Saatchi and
Saatchi & Saatchi
*
1947
It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Events
January
* January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
–
Meredith Baxter, American actress
* 1947 –
Shirin Ebadi, Iranian lawyer, judge, and activist,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate
* 1947 –
Michael Gross, American actor
* 1947 –
Joey Molland, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2025)
* 1947 –
Wade Phillips, American football coach
* 1947 –
Fernando Savater
Fernando Fernández-Savater Martín (born 21 June 1947 at Basque city of San Sebastián) is a Spanish philosopher, essayist and author.
Early years and career
Born in San Sebastián, he was an Ethics professor at the University of the Basqu ...
, Spanish philosopher and author
*
1948
Events January
* January 1
** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated.
** The current Constitutions of Constitution of Italy, Italy and of Constitution of New Jersey, New Jersey (both later subject to amendment) ...
–
Jovan Aćimović, Serbian footballer and manager
* 1948 –
Ian McEwan
Ian Russell McEwan (born 21 June 1948) is a British novelist and screenwriter. In 2008, ''The Times'' featured him on its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945" and ''The Daily Telegraph'' ranked him number 19 in its list of the ...
, British novelist and screenwriter
* 1948 –
Andrzej Sapkowski, Polish author and translator
* 1948 –
Philippe Sarde, French composer and conductor
*
1949
Events
January
* January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025
* January 2 – Luis ...
–
John Agard, Guyanese-English author, poet, and playwright
* 1949 –
Derek Emslie, Lord Kingarth, Scottish lawyer and judge
*
1950
Events January
* January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed.
* January 5 – 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash, Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 ...
–
Anne Carson, Canadian poet and academic
* 1950 –
Joey Kramer, American rock drummer and songwriter
* 1950 –
Enn Reitel, Scottish actor and screenwriter
* 1950 –
Trygve Thue, Norwegian guitarist and record producer (died 2022)
* 1950 –
John Paul Young, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter
*
1951
Events
January
* January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950).
* January 9 – The Government of the Uni ...
–
Jim Douglas, American academic and politician, 80th
Governor of Vermont
* 1951 –
Terence Etherton, English lawyer and judge
* 1951 –
Alan Hudson, English footballer
* 1951 –
Nils Lofgren, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1951 –
Lenore Manderson, Australian anthropologist and academic
* 1951 –
Mona-Lisa Pursiainen, Finnish sprinter (died 2000)
*
1952
Events January–February
* January 26 – Cairo Fire, Black Saturday in Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses.
* February 6
** Princess Elizabeth, ...
–
Judith Bingham, English singer-songwriter
* 1952 –
Jeremy Coney, New Zealand cricketer and sportscaster
* 1952 –
Patrick Dunleavy, English political scientist and academic
* 1952 –
Kōichi Mashimo, Japanese director and screenwriter
* 1952 –
Ginny Ruffner, American artist
*
1953
Events
January
* January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma.
* January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo.
* January 14
** Marshal Josip Broz Tito ...
–
Benazir Bhutto
Benazir Bhutto (21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani politician who served as the 11th prime minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990, and again from 1993 to 1996. She was also the first woman elected to head a democratic governmen ...
, Pakistani politician,
Prime Minister of Pakistan
The prime minister of Pakistan (, Roman Urdu, romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen Cabinet of Pakistan, cabinet, desp ...
(died 2007)
* 1953 –
Augustus Pablo, Jamaican producer and musician (died 1999)
*
1954
Events
January
* January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting.
* January 7 – Georgetown–IBM experiment: The first public demonstration of a machine translation system is held in New York, at the head ...
–
Már Guðmundsson, Icelandic economist, former Governor of
Central Bank of Iceland
* 1954 –
Mark Kimmitt, American general and politician, 16th Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs
* 1954 –
Robert Menasse, Austrian author and academic
*
1955 –
Tim Bray
Timothy William Bray (born June 21, 1955) is a Canadian software developer, environmentalist, political activist and one of the co-authors of the original XML specification. He worked for Amazon Web Services from December 2014 until May 2020 w ...
, Canadian software developer and businessman
* 1955 –
Michel Platini
Michel François Platini (; born 21 June 1955) is a French association football, football Administrator (business), administrator and former player and manager. Regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time, Platini won the Ballon d'O ...
, French footballer and manager
*
1956
Events
January
* January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan after 57 years.
* January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, E ...
–
Rick Sutcliffe, American baseball player and broadcaster
*
1957
Events January
* January 1 – The Saarland joins West Germany.
* January 3 – Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch.
* January 5 – South African player Russell Endean becomes the first batsman to be Dismissal (cricke ...
–
Berkeley Breathed
Guy Berkeley "Berke" Breathed (; born June 21, 1957) is an American cartoonist, children's book author, Film director, director, and screenwriter, known for his comic strips ''Bloom County'', ''Outland (comic strip), Outland'', and ''Opus (comic s ...
, American author and illustrator
* 1957 –
Luis Antonio Tagle
Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle ( , ; born June 21, 1957) is a Filipino prelate of the Catholic Church, and has been the Dicastery for Evangelization, Pro-Prefect for the Section for First Evangelization and New Particular Churches of the Dicastery fo ...
, Filipino cardinal
*
1958 –
Víctor Montoya, Bolivian journalist and author
* 1958 –
Gennady Padalka, Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut
*
1959
Events
January
* January 1 – Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance.
* January 2 – Soviet lunar probe Luna 1 is the first human-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reaches the ...
–
John Baron, English captain and politician
* 1959 –
Tom Chambers, American basketball player and sportscaster
* 1959 –
Marcella Detroit, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1959 –
Kathy Mattea
Kathleen Alice Mattea (born June 21, 1959) is an American country music and bluegrass singer. Active since 1984 as a recording artist, she has charted more than 30 singles on the ''Billboard'' Hot Country Songs charts, including four that reac ...
, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
*
1960 – Kate Brown, American politician, 38th Governor of Oregon
* 1960 – Karl Erjavec, Slovenian politician
*1961 – Manu Chao, French singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
* 1961 – Sascha Konietzko, German keyboard player and producer
* 1961 – Joko Widodo, Indonesian businessman and politician, 7th President of Indonesia
* 1961 – Kip Winger, American rock singer-songwriter and musician
* 1961 – Iztok Mlakar, Slovenian actor and singer-songwriter
*1962 – Shōhei Takada, Japanese shogi player and theoretician
* 1962 – Viktor Tsoi, Russian singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1990)
*
1963
Events January
* January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...
– Dario Marianelli, Italian pianist and composer
* 1963 – Mike Sherrard, American football player
*
1964
Events January
* January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved.
* January 5 – In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patria ...
– David Morrissey, English actor and director
* 1964 – Valeriy Neverov, Ukrainian chess player
* 1964 – Dimitris Papaioannou, Greek director and choreographer
* 1964 – Dean Saunders, Welsh footballer and manager
* 1964 – Doug Savant, American actor
*1965 – David Beerling, English biologist and academic
* 1965 – Yang Liwei, Chinese general, pilot, and astronaut
* 1965 – Ewen McKenzie, Australian rugby player and coach
* 1965 – Lana Wachowski, American director, producer, and screenwriter
*1966 – Gretchen Carlson, American model and TV journalist, Miss America, Miss America 1989
*1967 – Jim Breuer, American comedian, actor, and producer
* 1967 – Derrick Coleman, American basketball player and sportscaster
* 1967 – Pierre Omidyar, French-American businessman, founded eBay
* 1967 – Carrie Preston, American actress, director, and producer
* 1967 – Yingluck Shinawatra, Thai businesswoman and politician, 28th Prime Minister of Thailand
*1968 – Sonique (musician), Sonique, English singer-songwriter and DJ
*
1970
Events
January
* January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC.
* January 5 – The 7.1 1970 Tonghai earthquake, Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli ...
– Eric Reed (musician), Eric Reed, American pianist and composer
*1971 – Tyronne Drakeford, American football player
*1972 – Nobuharu Asahara, Japanese sprinter and long jumper
* 1972 – Neil Doak, Northern Irish cricketer and rugby player
* 1972 – Irene van Dyk, South African-New Zealand netball player
* 1972 – Tomáš Valášek, Slovak diplomat and politician
*
1973
Events January
* January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union.
* January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...
– Juliette Lewis, American actress and singer-songwriter
* 1973 – John Mitchell (musician), John Mitchell, English guitarist, vocalist and songwriter
*1974 – Rob Kelly (American football), Rob Kelly, American football player
* 1974 – Craig Lowndes, Australian race car driver
* 1974 – Flavio Roma, Italian footballer
*1975 – Brian Simmons, American football player
*1976 – Shelley Craft, Australian television host
* 1976 – Mike Einziger, American guitarist and songwriter
* 1976 – Nigel Lappin, Australian footballer and coach
*1977 – Michael Gomez, Irish boxer
* 1977 – Al Wilson, American football player
*
1978
Events January
* January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213.
* January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
– Thomas Blondeau, Flemish writer (died 2013)
* 1978 – Matt Kuchar, American golfer
* 1978 – Cristiano Lupatelli, Italian footballer
* 1978 – Dejan Ognjanović, Montenegrin footballer
* 1978 – Rim'K, French rapper
*1979 – Kostas Katsouranis, Greek footballer
* 1979 – Chris Pratt, American actor
*1980 – Michael Crocker, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
* 1980 – Łukasz Cyborowski, Polish chess player
* 1980 – Richard Jefferson, American basketball player
* 1980 – Sendy Rleal, Dominican baseball player
*1981 – Yann Danis, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1981 – Garrett Jones, American baseball player
* 1981 – Brandon Flowers, American singer-songwriter
* 1981 – Brad Walker (athlete), Brad Walker, American pole vaulter
*
1982 – Lee Dae-ho, South Korean baseball player
* 1982 – William, Prince of Wales, heir apparent to the British throne
* 1982 – Jussie Smollett, American actor and singer
*1983 – Edward Snowden, American activist and academic
*
1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a n ...
– Kris Allen, American musician, singer and songwriter
* 1985 – Lana Del Rey, American singer-songwriter
* 1985 – Sentayehu Ejigu, Ethiopian runner
* 1985 – Byron Schammer, Australian footballer
*1986 – Kathleen O'Kelly-Kennedy, Australian wheelchair basketball player
* 1986 – Hideaki Wakui, Japanese baseball player
*1987 – Pablo Barrera, Mexican footballer
* 1987 – Sebastian Prödl, Austrian footballer
* 1987 – Dale Thomas (footballer), Dale Thomas, Australian footballer
* 1987 – Kim Ryeo-wook, South Korean singer
*1988 – Allyssa DeHaan, American basketball and volleyball player
* 1988 – Alejandro Ramírez (chess player), Alejandro Ramírez, American chess player
* 1988 – Paolo Tornaghi, Italian footballer
* 1988 – Thaddeus Young, American basketball player
*
1989
1989 was a turning point in political history with the "Revolutions of 1989" which ended communism in Eastern Bloc of Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power-sharing coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin W ...
– Abubaker Kaki, Sudanese runner
*1990 – Ričardas Berankis, Lithuanian tennis player
* 1990 – Sergei Matsenko, Russian chess player
* 1990 – François Moubandje, Swiss footballer
* 1990 – Håvard Nordtveit, Norwegian footballer
* 1990 – Isabel Pires, Portuguese politician
*1991 – Gaël Kakuta, French footballer
* 1991 – Min (South Korean singer), Lee Min-young, South Korean singer-songwriter, actress, and entertainer
*1992 – Max Schneider, MAX, American singer, songwriter, actor, dancer and model
* 1992 – Hussein El Shahat, Egyptian professional footballer
*
1993
The United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as:
* International Year for the World's Indigenous People
The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its ...
– Hungrybox, Argentine-American esports player
*1994 – Başak Eraydın, Turkish tennis player
*1996 – Tyrone May, Australian rugby league player
* 1996 – Scottie Scheffler, American golfer
*1997 – Rebecca Black, American singer-songwriter
* 1997 – Derrius Guice, American football player
*1998 – Isabel Atkin, British-American freestyle skier
*1999 – Ky Rodwell, Australian rugby league player
*
2000
2000 was designated as the International Year for the Culture of Peace and the World Mathematics, Mathematical Year.
Popular culture holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium, because of a tende ...
– Dylan Brown, New Zealand rugby league player
*
2001
The year's most prominent event was the September 11 attacks against the United States by al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror. The United States led a Participan ...
– Alexandra Obolentseva, Russian chess player
*2011 – Lil Bub, American celebrity cat (died 2019)
Deaths
Pre-1600
* 532 – Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei, former Northern Wei emperor
* 866 – Rodulf (archbishop of Bourges), Rodulf, Frankish archbishop
* 868 – Ali al-Hadi, the tenth Imam of Shia Islam (born 829)
* 870 – Al-Muhtadi, Muslim caliph
* 947 – Zhang Li (Liao dynasty), Zhang Li, official of the Liao Dynasty
*1040 – Fulk III, Count of Anjou (born 972)
*1171 – Walter de Luci, French-English monk (born 1103)
*1208 – Philip of Swabia (born 1177)
*1305 – Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (born 1271)
*1359 – Eric XII of Sweden, Erik Magnusson, king of Sweden (born 1339)
*1377 – Edward III of England (born 1312)
*1421 – Jean Le Maingre, French general (born 1366)
*1527 – Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian historian and author (born 1469)
*
1529 – John Skelton (poet), John Skelton, English poet and educator (born 1460)
*1547 – Sebastiano del Piombo, Italian painter and educator (born 1485)
*1558 – Piero Strozzi, Italian general (born 1510)
*
1582 –
Oda Nobunaga
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' and one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period, Sengoku and Azuchi-Momoyama periods. He was the and regarded as the first "Great Unifier" of Japan. He is sometimes referred as the "Demon Daimyō" and "Demo ...
, Japanese warlord (born 1534)
*1585 – Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (born 1532)
*1591 – Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian saint (born 1568)
*1596 – Jean Liebault, French agronomist and physician (born 1535)
1601–1900
*
1621
Events
January–March
* January 12 – Şehzade Mehmed, the 15-year old half-brother of Ottoman Sultan Osman II, is put to death by hanging on Osman's orders. Before dying, Mehmed prays aloud that Osman's reign as Sultan be r ...
– Louis III, Cardinal of Guise (born 1575)
* 1621 – Kryštof Harant, Czech soldier and composer (born 1564)
*1622 – Salomon Schweigger, German theologian (born 1551)
*1631 – John Smith (explorer), John Smith, English admiral and explorer (born 1580)
*1652 – Inigo Jones, English architect, designed the Queen's House and Wilton House (born 1573)
*1661 – Andrea Sacchi, Italian painter (born 1599)
*1737 – Matthieu Marais, French author, critic, and jurist (born 1664)
*1738 – Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1674)
*1765 – Nachman of Horodenka, Hasidic rabbi
*1796 – Richard Gridley, American soldier and engineer (born 1710)
*
1824
Events
January–March
* January 1 – John Stuart Mill begins publication of The Westminster Review. The first article is by William Johnson Fox
* January 8 – After much controversy, Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of th ...
– Étienne Aignan, French playwright and translator (born 1773)
*1865 – Frances Adeline Seward, American wife of William H. Seward (born 1824)
*
1874 – Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist and astronomer (born 1814)
*
1876
Events
January
* January 1
** The Reichsbank opens in Berlin.
** The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol.
*January 27 – The Northampton Bank robbery occurs in Massachusetts.
February
* Febr ...
– Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexican general and politician 8th President of Mexico (born 1794)
*
1880
Events
January
*January 27 – Thomas Edison is granted a patent for the incandescent light bulb. Edison filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires." gr ...
– Theophilus H. Holmes, American general (born 1804)
*
1893 – Leland Stanford, American businessman and politician, 8th Governor of California (born 1824)
1901–present
*
1908 – Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer and educator (born 1844)
*
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
– Bertha von Suttner, Austrian journalist and author,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (born 1843)
*
1929 – Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, English sociologist, journalist, and academic (born 1864)
*1934 – Thorne Smith, American author (born 1892)
*
1940
A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280.
Events
Below, events related to World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
*Janu ...
– Smedley Butler, American general, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1881)
* 1940 – Édouard Vuillard, French painter (born 1868)
*
1951
Events
January
* January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950).
* January 9 – The Government of the Uni ...
– Charles Dillon Perrine, American astronomer (born 1867)
* 1951 – Gustave Sandras, French gymnast (born 1872)
* 1951 – Ville Kiviniemi, Finnish politician (born 1877)
*
1952
Events January–February
* January 26 – Cairo Fire, Black Saturday in Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses.
* February 6
** Princess Elizabeth, ...
– Wop May, Canadian captain and pilot (born 1896)
*
1954
Events
January
* January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting.
* January 7 – Georgetown–IBM experiment: The first public demonstration of a machine translation system is held in New York, at the head ...
– Gideon Sundback, Swedish-American engineer, developed the zipper (born 1880)
*
1957
Events January
* January 1 – The Saarland joins West Germany.
* January 3 – Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch.
* January 5 – South African player Russell Endean becomes the first batsman to be Dismissal (cricke ...
– Claude Farrère, French captain and author (born 1876)
* 1957 – Johannes Stark, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1874)
*
1964
Events January
* January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved.
* January 5 – In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patria ...
–
James Chaney, American civil rights activist (born 1943)
* 1964 –
Andrew Goodman, American civil rights activist (born 1943)
* 1964 –
Michael Schwerner, American civil rights activist (born 1939)
*1967 – Theodore Sizer (art historian), Theodore Sizer, American professor of the history of art (born 1892)
*1968 – Constance Georgina Adams, Constance Georgina Tardrew, South African botanist (born 1883)
*1969 – Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (born 1934)
*
1970
Events
January
* January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC.
* January 5 – The 7.1 1970 Tonghai earthquake, Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli ...
– Sukarno, Indonesian engineer and politician, 1st President of Indonesia (born 1901)
* 1970 – Piers Courage, English race car driver (born 1942)
*1976 – Margaret Herrick, American librarian (born 1902)
*1980 – Bert Kaempfert, German conductor and composer (born 1923)
*1981 – Don Figlozzi, American illustrator and animator (born 1909)
*
1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a n ...
– Hector Boyardee, Italian-American chef and businessman, founded Chef Boyardee (born 1897)
* 1985 – Tage Erlander, Swedish lieutenant and politician, 25th Prime Minister of Sweden (born 1901)
*1986 – Assi Rahbani, Lebanese singer-songwriter and producer (born 1923)
*1987 – Madman Muntz, American engineer and businessman, founded the Muntz Car Company (born 1914)
*1988 – Bobby Dodd, American football coach (born 1908)
*1990 – Cedric Belfrage, English journalist and author, co-founded the ''National Guardian'' (born 1904)
* 1990 – June Christy, American singer (born 1925)
*1992 – Ben Alexander (rugby league), Ben Alexander, Australian rugby league player (born 1971)
* 1992 – Arthur Gorrie, Australian hobby shop proprietor (born 1922)
* 1992 – Rudra Mohammad Shahidullah, Bangladeshi poet, author, and playwright (born 1956)
* 1992 – Li Xiannian, Chinese captain and politician, 3rd President of the People's Republic of China (born 1909)
*1994 – William Wilson Morgan, American astronomer and astrophysicist (born 1906)
*1997 – Shintaro Katsu, Japanese actor, singer, director, and producer (born 1931)
* 1997 – Fidel Velázquez Sánchez, Mexican trade union leader (born 1900)
*1998 – Harry Cranbrook Allen, English historian (born 1917)
* 1998 – Anastasio Ballestrero, Italian cardinal (born 1913)
* 1998 – Al Campanis, American baseball player and manager (born 1916)
*1999 – Kami (musician), Kami, Japanese drummer (born 1973)
*
2000
2000 was designated as the International Year for the Culture of Peace and the World Mathematics, Mathematical Year.
Popular culture holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium, because of a tende ...
– Alan Hovhaness, Armenian-American pianist and composer (born 1911)
*
2001
The year's most prominent event was the September 11 attacks against the United States by al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror. The United States led a Participan ...
– John Lee Hooker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1917)
* 2001 – Soad Hosny, Egyptian actress and singer (born 1942)
* 2001 – Carroll O'Connor, American actor and producer (born 1924)
*2002 – Timothy Findley, Canadian author and playwright (born 1930)
*2003 – Roger Neilson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1934)
* 2003 – Leon Uris, American soldier and author (born 1924)
*
2004
2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and Its Abolition (by UNESCO).
Events January
* January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
– Leonel Brizola, Brazilian engineer and politician, Governor of Rio de Janeiro (born 1922)
* 2004 – Ruth Leach Amonette, American businesswoman (born 1916)
*
2005
2005 was designated as the International Year for Sport and Physical Education and the International Year of Microcredit. The beginning of 2005 also marked the end of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples, Internationa ...
– Jaime Sin, Filipino cardinal (born 1928)
*
2006
2006 was designated as the International Year of Deserts and Desertification.
Events
January
* January 1– 4 – Russia temporarily cuts shipment of natural gas to Ukraine during a price dispute.
* January 12 – A stampede during t ...
– Jared C. Monti, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1975)
*2007 – Bob Evans (restaurateur), Bob Evans, American businessman, founded Bob Evans Restaurants (born 1918)
*2008 – Scott Kalitta, American race car driver (born 1962)
*2010 – Russell Ash, English author (born 1946)
* 2010 – Irwin Barker, Canadian actor and screenwriter (born 1956)
* 2010 – İlhan Selçuk, Turkish lawyer, journalist, and author (born 1925)
*2011 – Robert Kroetsch, Canadian author and poet (born 1927)
*
2012
2012 was designated as:
*International Year of Cooperatives
*International Year of Sustainable Energy for All
Events January
*January 4 – The Cicada 3301 internet hunt begins.
* January 12 – Peaceful protests begin in the R ...
– Richard Adler, American composer and producer (born 1921)
* 2012 – Abid Hussain, Indian economist and diplomat, Indian Ambassador to the United States (born 1926)
* 2012 – Sunil Janah, Indian photographer and journalist (born 1918)
* 2012 – Anna Schwartz, American economist and author (born 1915)
*2013 – James P. Gordon, American physicist and academic (born 1928)
* 2013 – Elliott Reid, American actor and screenwriter (born 1920)
*2014 – Yozo Ishikawa, Japanese politician, Minister of Defense (Japan), Japanese Minister of Defense (born 1925)
* 2014 – Walter Kieber, Austrian-Liechtenstein politician, 7th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein (born 1931)
* 2014 – Wong Ho Leng, Malaysian lawyer and politician (born 1959)
*2015 – Darryl Hamilton, American baseball player and sportscaster (born 1964)
* 2015 – Veijo Meri, Finnish author and poet (born 1928)
* 2015 – Remo Remotti, Italian actor, playwright, and poet (born 1924)
* 2015 – Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski, German soldier and politician (born 1932)
* 2015 – Gunther Schuller, American horn player, composer, and conductor (born 1925)
*2016 – Pierre Lalonde, Canadian television host and singer (born 1941)
*2018 – Charles Krauthammer, American columnist and conservative political commentator (born 1950)
*2023 – Winnie Ewing, Scottish politician (born 1929)
*2024 – Frederick Crews, American essayist and literary critic (born 1933)
Holidays and observances
*Christian feast day:
**Alban of Mainz
**Aloysius Gonzaga
**Engelmund of Velsen
**Martin of Tongres
**Onesimos Nesib (Lutheran)
**June 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
*Day of the Martyrs (Togo)
*Father's Day (Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Uganda, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates)
*Go Skateboarding Day
*International Yoga Day (international observances, international)
*National Indigenous Peoples Day (Canada)
*Solstice-related observances (''see also June 20''):
**Day of Private Reflection (Northern Ireland)
**International Surfing Day
**National Day (Greenland)
**We Tripantu, a winter solstice festival in the southern hemisphere. (Mapuche, southern Chile)
**Willkakuti, an Andean-Amazonic New Year (Aymara people, Aymara)
**Fête de la Musique
*World Humanist Day (Humanism)
*World Hydrography Day (international)
References
External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:June 21
Days of June