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Burnetiid
Burnetiidae is an extinct family of biarmosuchian therapsids that lived in the Permian period whose fossils are found in South Africa and Russia. It contains ''Bullacephalus'', ''Burnetia'', ''Mobaceras'', ''Niuksenitia'', ''Paraburnetia'' and ''Proburnetia ''Proburnetia'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids in the family Burnetiidae, from the Late Permian of Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asi ...''. References Burnetiamorphs Guadalupian first appearances Lopingian extinctions Prehistoric therapsid families Taxa named by Robert Broom {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraburnetia
''Paraburnetia'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids from the Late Permian of South Africa. It is known for its species ''P. sneeubergensis'' and belongs to the family Burnetiidae. ''Paraburnetia'' lived just before the Permian–Triassic mass extinction event. The etymology of ''Paraburnetia sneeubergensis'' comes from ''para'', meaning beside or near; ''Burnetia'' indicating the first named member of the clade; and ''sneeubergensis'' for the location the Sneeuberge mountains above where the specimen was found. ''P. sneeubergensis'' is known by its knobby skull, which is a shared synapomorphy with ''B. mirabilis'' and ''P. viatkensis'' They are synapsids, from which, their clade of therapsids is derived from.Rubidge, B., & Sidor, C. (2001). Evolutionary patterns among Permo-Triassic therapsids. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32, 449. Descending from one of the first therapsids, biarmosuchus, ''Paraburnetia'' evolved prominent canine teeth, a long zygomat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biarmosuchian
Biarmosuchians are an extinct clade of non-mammalian synapsids from the Permian. They are the most basal group of the therapsids. All of them were moderately-sized, lightly-built carnivores, intermediate in form between basal sphenacodont "pelycosaurs" and more advanced therapsids. Biarmosuchians were rare components of Permian ecosystems, and the majority of species belong to the clade Burnetiamorpha, which are characterized by elaborate cranial ornamentation. Characteristics The biarmosuchian skull is very similar to the sphenacodontid skull, differing only in the larger temporal fenestra (although these are still small relative to later therapsids), slightly backward-sloping occiput (the reverse of the pelycosaur condition), reduced number of teeth, and single large canine teeth in both upper and lower jaws, and other features (Carroll 1988 pp. 370, Benton 2000 p. 114). In later specialised Biarmosuchia, these resemble the enlarged canines of the Gorgonopsia. The pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burnetia MirabilisDB
''Burnetia'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids in the family Burnetiidae, from the Late Permian of South Africa. ''Burnetia'' is known so far from a single holotype skull lacking the lower jaws described by South African paleontologist Robert Broom Robert Broom FRS FRSE (30 November 1866 6 April 1951) was a British- South African doctor and palaeontologist. He qualified as a medical practitioner in 1895 and received his DSc in 1905 from the University of Glasgow. From 1903 to 1910, ... in 1923. Due to erosion and dorsoventral crushing, features of the skull are hard to interpret. Stutural lines are further distorted by the unusual shape of the skull roof, including many bosses and protuberances. Description When broadly looking at the skull, there are well developed “cheeks”, bosses, and pits that resemble Pareiasaurians. However, the small temporal fossa distinguishes it from the Cotylosaur. The overall shape resembles a triangle. In the nasals, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burnetia
''Burnetia'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids in the family Burnetiidae, from the Late Permian of South Africa. ''Burnetia'' is known so far from a single holotype skull lacking the lower jaws described by South African paleontologist Robert Broom Robert Broom FRS FRSE (30 November 1866 6 April 1951) was a British- South African doctor and palaeontologist. He qualified as a medical practitioner in 1895 and received his DSc in 1905 from the University of Glasgow. From 1903 to 1910, he ... in 1923. Due to erosion and dorsoventral crushing, features of the skull are hard to interpret. Stutural lines are further distorted by the unusual shape of the skull roof, including many bosses and protuberances. Description When broadly looking at the skull, there are well developed “cheeks”, bosses, and pits that resemble Pareiasaurians. However, the small temporal fossa distinguishes it from the Cotylosaur. The overall shape resembles a triangle. In the nasals, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucocephalus
''Leucocephalus'' is a genus of biarmosuchian belonging to the family Burnetiidae dating to the Wuchiapingian ( Late Permian). It was found in the ''Tropidostoma'' Assemblage Zone of the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa. It is a monotypic taxon which contains one only species, ''Leucocephalus wewersi''. The genus name ''Leucocephalus'' is derived from Greek. Leucos, meaning white; kephalos, meaning skull, as the ''Leucocephalus'' skull discovered was unusually pale. The species epithet ''wewersi'' comes from the farm employee who found the skull, Klaus ‘Klaasie’ Wewers.Michael O. Day; Roger M. H. Smith; Julien Benoit; Vincent Fernandez; Bruce S. Rubidge (2018). "A new species of burnetiid (Therapsida, Burnetiamorpha) from the early Wuchiapingian of South Africa and implications for the evolutionary ecology of the family Burnetiidae". Papers in Palaeontology. Online edition. . Biarmosuchians are a group of some of the earliest therapsids, a group of synapsids includin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mobaceras
''Mobaceras'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids in the family Burnetiidae Burnetiidae is an extinct family of biarmosuchian therapsids that lived in the Permian period whose fossils are found in South Africa and Russia. It contains '' Bullacephalus'', '' Burnetia'', '' Mobaceras'', '' Niuksenitia'', ''Paraburnetia ... from the Guadalupian of Zambia. The type species is ''M. zambeziense''. References Burnetiamorphs Prehistoric therapsid genera Guadalupian synapsids of Africa Fossils of Zambia Fossil taxa described in 2021 Taxa named by Christian F. Kammerer Taxa named by Christian Sidor {{Paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Permian
The Guadalupian is the second and middle series/ epoch of the Permian. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lopingian. It is named after the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas, and dates between 272.95 ± 0.5 – 259.1 ± 0.4 Mya. The series saw the rise of the therapsids, a minor extinction event called Olson's Extinction and a significant mass extinction called the end-Capitanian extinction event. The Guadalupian was previously known as the Middle Permian. Name and background The Guadalupian is the second and middle series or epoch of the Permian. Previously called Middle Permian, the name of this epoch is part of a revision of Permian stratigraphy for standard global correlation. The name "Guadalupian" was first proposed in the early 1900s, and approved by the International Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy in 1996. References to the Middle Permian still exist. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lopingian Extinctions
The Lopingian is the uppermost series/last epoch of the Permian. It is the last epoch of the Paleozoic. The Lopingian was preceded by the Guadalupian and followed by the Early Triassic. The Lopingian is often synonymous with the informal terms late Permian or upper Permian. The name was introduced by Amadeus William Grabau in 1931 and derives from Leping, Jiangxi in China. It consists of two stages/ages. The earlier is the Wuchiapingian and the later is the Changhsingian. The International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2018/07) provides a numerical age of 259.1 ±0.5 Ma. If a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) has been approved, the lower boundary of the earliest stage determines numerical age of an epoch. The GSSP for the Wuchiapingian has a numerical age of 259.8 ± 0.4 Ma. Evidence from Milankovitch cycles suggests that the length of an Earth day during this epoch was approximately 22 hours. The Lopingian ended with the Permian–Triassic extinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guadalupian First Appearances
The Guadalupian is the second and middle series/epoch of the Permian. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lopingian. It is named after the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas, and dates between 272.95 ± 0.5 – 259.1 ± 0.4 Mya. The series saw the rise of the therapsids, a minor extinction event called Olson's Extinction and a significant mass extinction called the end-Capitanian extinction event. The Guadalupian was previously known as the Middle Permian. Name and background The Guadalupian is the second and middle series or epoch of the Permian. Previously called Middle Permian, the name of this epoch is part of a revision of Permian stratigraphy for standard global correlation. The name "Guadalupian" was first proposed in the early 1900s, and approved by the International Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy in 1996. References to the Middle Permian still exist. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burnetiamorphs
Burnetiamorpha is a clade of biarmosuchian therapsids. Burnetiamorphs are the most derived biarmosuchians. The name Burnetiamorpha has been in use since South African paleontologist Robert Broom erected the group in 1923, but it has recently been put to use in phylogenetic classification as a clade including Burnetiidae and its closest relatives, including '' Lemurosaurus'', ''Lophorhinus'', and ''Lobalopex ''Lobalopex'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids belonging to the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). ...''. Phylogeny Below is a cladogram modified from Sidor and Smith (2007) showing the phylogenetic position of Burnetiamorpha among biarmosuchians: References Guadalupian first appearances Lopingian extinctions Fossil taxa described in 1923 Taxa named by Robert Broom {{paleo-Therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini. It also completely enclaves the country Lesotho. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the second-most populous country located entirely south of the equator, after Tanzania. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with unique biomes, plant and animal life. With over 60 million people, the country is the world's 24th-most populous nation and covers an area of . South Africa has three capital cities, with the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government based in Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town respectively. The largest city is Johannesburg. About 80% of the population are Black Sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the region of Perm in Russia. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the two groups of amniotes, the synapsids and the sauropsids ( reptiles). The world at the time was dominated by the supercontinent Pangaea, which had formed due to the collision of Euramerica and Gondwana during the Carboniferous. Pangaea was surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. The Carboniferous rainforest collapse left behind vast regions of desert within the continental interior. Amniotes, which could better cope with these drier conditions, rose to dominance in place of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
