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Bretha Crólige
''Bretha Crólige'' (Old Irish for "Judgements on Blood-lyings") is an early Irish legal tract on the law of illegal injury and the institution of "sick-maintenance". It is the 33rd text in the ''Senchas Már''. It directly precedes '' Bretha Déin Chécht'', a sister-tract on illegal injury. Manuscripts A single manuscript preserves ''Bretha Crólige'' (National Library of Ireland MS G 11), alongside three other texts from the final third of the ''Senchas Már''. D. A. Binchy produced an edition of this copy, with translation and commentary, in 1938. Binchy calls this manuscript a "remarkably good copy". Other manuscripts contain fragments of the text or commentaries on it. On the basis of some internal inconsistencies, Rudolf Thurneysen suggested the existing text of ''Bretha Crólige'' was the composite of two separate texts. Binchy rejected this hypothesis. Contents ''Bretha Crólige'' deals with the law of illegal injury and the institution of "sick-maintenance" in early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Irish
Old Irish, also called Old Gaelic (, Ogham, Ogham script: ᚌᚑᚔᚇᚓᚂᚉ; ; ; or ), is the oldest form of the Goidelic languages, Goidelic/Gaelic language for which there are extensive written texts. It was used from 600 to 900. The main contemporary texts are dated 700–850; by 900 the language had already transitioned into early Middle Irish. Some Old Irish texts date from the 10th century, although these are presumably copies of texts written at an earlier time. Old Irish is forebear to Modern Irish, Manx language, Manx and Scottish Gaelic. Old Irish is known for having a particularly complex system of morphology (linguistics), morphology and especially of allomorphy (more or less unpredictable variations in stems and suffixes in differing circumstances), as well as a complex phonology, sound system involving grammatically significant Irish initial mutations, consonant mutations to the initial consonant of a word. Apparently,It is difficult to know for sure, giv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Irish Legal
Early Irish law, also called Brehon law (from the old Irish word breithim meaning judge), comprised the statutes which governed everyday life in Early Medieval Ireland. They were partially eclipsed by the Norman invasion of 1169, but underwent a resurgence from the 13th until the 17th century, over the majority of the island, and survived into Early Modern Ireland in parallel with English law. Early Irish law was often mixed with Christian influence and juristic innovation. These secular laws existed in parallel, and occasionally in conflict, with canon law throughout the early Christian period. The laws were a civil rather than a criminal code, concerned with the payment of compensation for harm done and the regulation of property, inheritance and contracts; the concept of state-administered punishment for crime was foreign to Ireland's early jurists. They show Ireland in the early medieval period to have been a hierarchical society, taking great care to define social status ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senchas Már
''Senchas Már'' (Old Irish for "Great Tradition") is the largest collection of early Irish legal texts, compiled into a single group sometime in the 8th century, though individual tracts vary in date. These tracts were almost certainly written by a variety of authors, though some suggest that certain authors wrote more than one of the included tracts. The collection was apparently made somewhere in the north midlands. The ''Senchas Már'' tracts have been subjected to the greatest amount of glossing and commentary in later manuscripts. Moreover, one of the few examples of Old Irish glossing has been given to the various texts of ''Senchas Már''. These glosses were apparently made in Munster. The text has been arranged into thirds; three was apparently an important number to the Irish. A number of laws were grouped into threes, called ''triads''—a practice also common in the Welsh. One scholar has recently suggested that there were a number of groups of six including one sing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bretha Déin Chécht
''Bretha Déin Chécht'' (Old Irish for "Judgments of Dian Cécht") is an early Irish legal text on the law of illegal injury, detailing the fines due to the injured in a great multitude of cases. The title attributes it to the mythological physician Dian Cecht. It is the 34th text of the ''Senchas Már''. It directly follows ''Bretha Crólige'', a sister-tract on illegal injury. Manuscripts A single manuscript preserves the complete text of ''Bretha Déin Chécht'' (National Library of Ireland MS G 11), alongside three other texts from the final third of the ''Senchas Már''. D. A. Binchy edited this copy of the ''Bretha Déin Chécht'', with translation and commentary, in 1966. A number of excerpts and commentaries on it have also survived, though fewer than have survived of ''Bretha Crólige''. A purported quote from ''Bretha Déin Chécht'' in ''Bretha Étgid'' is probably a later invention. Contents ''Bretha Déin Chécht'' is the 34th text of the collection of legal texts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Library Of Ireland
The National Library of Ireland (NLI; ) is Ireland's national library located in Dublin, in a building designed by Thomas Newenham Deane. The mission of the National Library of Ireland is "To collect, preserve, promote and make accessible the documentary and intellectual record of the life of Ireland and to contribute to the provision of access to the larger universe of recorded knowledge." The library is a reference library and, as such, does not lend. It has a large quantity of Irish and Irish-related material which can be consulted without charge; this includes books, maps, manuscripts, music, newspapers, periodicals and photographs. Included in its collections are materials issued by private as well as government publishers. Among the library's major holdings are an archive of Irish newspapers and collections donated by individual authors or their estates. The library is also the ISSN National Centre for Ireland. The office of the Chief Herald of Ireland, the National ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudolf Thurneysen
Eduard Rudolf Thurneysen (14 March 1857 – 9 August 1940) was a Swiss linguist and Celticist. Biography Born in Basel, Thurneysen studied classical philology in Basel, Leipzig, Berlin and Paris. His teachers included Ernst Windisch and Heinrich Zimmer. He received his promotion (approximating to a doctorate) in 1879 and his habilitation, in Latin and the Celtic languages, followed at the University of Jena in 1882. From 1885 to 1887 he taught Latin at Jena, then taking up the Chair of Comparative Philology at the University of Freiburg where he replaced Karl Brugmann, a renowned expert in Indo-European studies. In 1896, he posited Thurneysen's law, a proposed sound law concerning the alternation of voiced and voiceless fricatives in certain affixes in Gothic; it was later published in 1898. In 1909 Thurneysen published his , translated into English as ''A Grammar of Old Irish'' by D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, and still in print as of 2006. A version in Welsh wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Críth Gablach
''Críth Gablach'' (Old Irish for "The branched purchase") is an early Irish legal tract on the subject of status. It deals with the distinctions in law between free commoners, lords, and kings. It dates to the first half of the 8th century CE. Manuscripts and editions The text of ''Críth Gablach'' is in three manuscripts, each incomplete, but together preserving the entirety of the ''Críth Gablach''. Each manuscript is 16th century in date, and can be traced back to the law school of MacEgans. The earliest editor of the ''Críth Gablach'' was Eugene O'Curry (1873 and 1879), who also provided a translation, though "much of his translation is guesswork". Eoin MacNeill (1923) published a more reliable translation, and D. A. Binchy (1941) a new edition of the Old Irish text. As only one manuscript preserves the end of the tract, it is unclear whether the ''Críth Gablach'' was intended to end with the short legal poem (or ) which comes after its prose portion in the manuscript. L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fergus Kelly
Fergus Kelly is an academic at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. His research interests centre on early Irish law-texts and wisdom-texts. He graduated in 1967 in Early and Modern Irish from Trinity College Dublin. He spent a year in the University of Oslo's Linguistics Institute. He also taught a course in Celtic Civilisation at the University of Toronto. He is now a Senior Professor in the School of Celtic Studies (Irish: ''Scoil an Léinn Cheiltigh'') of the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. In 2003 he delivered the British Academy The British Academy for the Promotion of Historical, Philosophical and Philological Studies is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. It was established in 1902 and received its royal charter in the sa ...'s Sir John Rhŷs Memorial Lecture. A prolific author and researcher, he has written and edited a number of books and many articles including ''A guide to early Irish law''. He co-edits t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calvert Watkins
Calvert Watkins ( /ˈwɒtkɪnz/; March 13, 1933 – March 20, 2013) was an American linguist and philologist, known for his book '' How to Kill a Dragon''. He was a professor of linguistics and the classics at Harvard University and after retirement went to serve as professor-in-residence at UCLA. Early life and education Calvert Watkins was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on March 13, 1933, to Ralph James Watkins, an economist and government advisor, and Willye Ward, a Spanish teacher who translated the personal memoirs of former Mexican president Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. Much of Watkins's childhood was spent in New York City, and he graduated from Friends Seminary in Manhattan before beginning his career at Harvard University. Watkins's early exposure to Latin and Greek inspired him at the age of fifteen to decide to become an Indo-Europeanist. Watkins received his initial undergraduate degree from Harvard University in 1954, graduating ''summa cum laude'', th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hittite Laws
The Hittite laws, also known as the Code of the Nesilim, constitute an ancient legal code dating from – 1500 BCE. They have been preserved on a number of Hittite cuneiform tablets found at Hattusa ( CTH 291–292, listing 200 laws). Copies have been found written in Old Hittite as well as in Middle and Late Hittite, indicating that they had validity throughout the duration of the Hittite Empire (ca. 1650–1100 BCE). The Hittite laws reflected the empire's social structure, sense of justice, and morality, addressing common outlawed actions such as assault, theft, murder, witchcraft, and divorce, among others. The code is particularly notable due to a number of its provisions, covering social issues that included the humane treatment of slaves. Although they were considered lesser than free men, the slaves under the code were allowed to choose whomever they wanted to marry, buy property, open businesses, and purchase their freedom. In comparison with the Code of Hammurabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lisi Oliver
Lisi may refer to: People Surname * Antony Garrett Lisi (born 1968), American theoretical physicist *Ben de Lisi Ben is frequently used as a shortened version of the given names Benjamin, Benedict, Bennett, Benson or Ebenezer, and is also a given name in its own right. Ben meaning "son of" is also found in Arabic as ''Ben'' (dialectal Arabic) or ''bin ... (born 1955), American fashion designer * Joe Lisi (born 1950), American actor * Mark Lisi (born 1977), American soccer player * Mary M. Lisi (born 1950), American Senior Judge * Riccardo Galeazzi-Lisi (1891–1968), Italian medical charlatan * Rick Lisi (born 1956), Canadian baseball player * Virna Lisi (1937-2014), Italian film actress * Wang Lisi (1991), Chinese footballer * Zyber Lisi (born 1919), former Albanian football player Given name * Lisi Harrison (born 1976), Canadian author * Lisi Raskin (born 1974), American artist Ethnic groups * Lisi people, a collective term for three Chadian ethnic groups Places * Lis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
