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Branqueamento
Racial whitening, or "whitening" ('' branqueamento''), is an ideology that was widely accepted in Brazil between 1889 and 1914, as the solution to the "Negro problem".Skidmore, Thomas. Black Into White: Race and Nationality in Brazilian Thought, Oxford University Press. NY, 1974. Whitening in Brazil is a sociological term to explain the change in perception of one's race, from darker to lighter identifiers, as a person rises in the class structure of Brazil. Racial mixing in Brazilian society entailed that minority races ought to adopt the characteristics of the white race, with the goal of creating a singular Brazilian race that emulates the white race, striving to create a society best emulating that of Europe. Racial whitening became a social concept that was developed through governmental policy. Similar to that of the United States, Brazil experienced colonization by Europeans and importation of African slaves in the 18th and 19th century. As a way of making Brazil seem l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blanqueamiento
Blanqueamiento in Spanish, or branqueamento in Portuguese (both meaning ''whitening''), was a social, political, and economic practice used in many post-colonial countries in the Americas and Oceania to "improve the race" (''mejorar la raza'') towards a supposed ideal of whiteness. The term blanqueamiento is rooted in Latin America and is used more or less synonymously with racial whitening. However, blanqueamiento can be considered in both the symbolic and biological sense. Symbolically, blanqueamiento represents an ideology that emerged from legacies of European colonialism, described by Anibal Quijano's theory of coloniality of power, which caters to white dominance in social hierarchies. Biologically, blanqueamiento is the process of whitening by marrying a lighter-skinned individual to produce lighter-skinned offspring. Definition Peter Wade argues that blanqueamiento is a historical process that can be linked to nationalism. When thinking about nationalism, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |