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Bordetella
''Bordetella'' () is a genus of small (0.2 – 0.7 µm), gram-negative coccobacilli of the phylum Pseudomonadota. ''Bordetella'' species, with the exception of '' B. petrii'', are obligate aerobes, as well as highly fastidious, or difficult to culture. All species can infect humans. The first three species to be described ('' B. pertussis'', '' B. parapertussis'', '' B. bronchiseptica''); are sometimes referred to as the 'classical species'. Two of these (''B. bronchiseptica'' and ''B. pertussis'') are also motile. ''B. pertussis'' and occasionally ''B. parapertussis'' cause pertussis or whooping cough in humans, and some ''B. parapertussis'' strains can colonise sheep. ''B. bronchiseptica'' rarely infects healthy humans, though disease in immunocompromised patients has been reported. ''B. bronchiseptica'' causes several diseases in other mammals, including kennel cough and atrophic rhinitis in dogs and pigs, respectively. Other members of the genus cause similar diseases in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bordetella Trematum
''Bordetella trematum'' is a species of Gram-negative bacteria identified in 1996 by comparison of 10 strains of ''B. trematum'' against other well characterized ''Bordetella'' and ''Alcaligenes'' species. The term ''trema'' refers to something pierced or penetrated, or to a gap. "Trematum" pertains to open things, and refers to the presence of bacteria in wounds and other exposed parts of the body. Strain LMG 13506T is the reference strain for this species. Isolation ''Bordetella'' species typically infect the respiratory tracts of humans, but ''B. trematum'' has never been isolated from a human or animal respiratory tract. It has been isolated from human ear infection and limb wounds. Below is a list of known ''B. trematum'' strains, alternative strain designation, and the date and source where they were first isolated: Characteristics ''Bordetella trematum'' is a Gram-negative, capsulated, non-spore-forming, rod about 0.5 μm wide and 1.0-1.8 μm long, but rods as lon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bordetella Avium
''Bordetella avium'' is a gram negative, nonfermentative, strictly aerobic, motile bacterium from the genus ''Bordetella'' which has been isolated from patients with respiratory disease (cystic fibrosis). ''B. avium'' has a global distribution, that mainly affects young domesticated turkeys. The disease in birds is called bordetellosis, and is largely associated with confined spaces and multi-aged flocks where management practices are sub optimal. In most infections, mortality is typically low but morbidity is very high. The pathogenesis of ''B. avium'' is through fimbrial attachment to the respiratory epithelium and release of a variety of virulence factors, leading to respiratory symptoms, such as sneezing, ocular and nasal discharge, and inflammation. Further complications include edema, tracheal collapse, and decreased growth rate. Bordetellosis has a major impact on turkey health within turkey production systems but the impact in wild birds is not yet well defined. Good mana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bordetella Pertussis
''Bordetella pertussis'' is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pathogenic, encapsulated coccobacillus of the genus '' Bordetella'', and the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. Like '' B. bronchiseptica'', ''B. pertussis'' is motile and expresses a flagellum-like structure. Its virulence factors include pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, filamentous hæmagglutinin, pertactin, fimbria, and tracheal cytotoxin. The bacterium is spread by airborne droplets; its incubation period is 7–10 days on average (range 6–20 days). Humans are the only known reservoir for ''B. pertussis''. The complete ''B. pertussis'' genome of 4,086,186 base pairs was published in 2003. Compared to its closest relative ''B. bronchiseptica'', the genome size is greatly reduced. This is mainly due to the adaptation to one host species (human) and the loss of capability of survival outside of a host body. History The disease pertussis was first described by French physician Guillaume de Bai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bordetella Bronchiseptica
''Bordetella bronchiseptica'' is a small, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus '' Bordetella''. It can cause infectious bronchitis in dogs and other animals, but rarely infects humans. Closely related to '' B. pertussis''—the obligate human pathogen that causes pertussis (whooping cough); ''B. bronchiseptica'' can persist in the environment for extended periods. Pathogenesis Humans are not natural carriers of ''B. bronchiseptica'', which typically infects the respiratory tracts of smaller mammals (cats, dogs, rabbits, etc.). People are more likely to be infected by ''B. pertussis'' or '' B. parapertussis''. Unlike ''B. pertussis'', ''B. bronchiseptica'' is generally resistant to macrolide antibiotics. It is also generally resistant to cephalosporins. Some human cases have been successfully treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones. ''B. bronchiseptica'' does not express pertussis toxin, which is one of the characteristic virulence factors o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
