|
Bonkei
A ''bonkei'' ( 盆景, Japanese for "tray landscape") is a temporary or permanent three-dimensional depiction of a landscape in miniature, portrayed using mainly dry materials like rock, ''papier-mâché'' or cement mixtures, and sand in a shallow tray. A ''bonkei'' contains no living material, in contrast with related Japanese art forms ''bonsai'' and '' saikei'': ''bonsai'' contain living trees, and ''saikei'' contain living trees and other vegetation. Description Its three-dimensional character and permanence distinguish ''bonkei'' from '' bonseki'', which is a Japanese form of sand-painting that produces mostly-flat images on a display tray, usually for transient viewing before being erased for a new creation. Although ''bonkei'' materials are usually dry, flowing water and seasides are often depicted, with varying colors of gravel or sand making up the land and the water elements. A ''bonkei'' may also contain miniature figures of people, animals, buildings, bridges, and o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penjing
''Penjing'', also known as ''penzai'', is the ancient Chinese art of depicting artistically formed trees, other plants, and landscapes in miniature. Penjing generally fall into one of three categories: * Shumu penjing (樹木盆景): Tree penjing that focuses on the depiction of one or more trees and optionally other plants in a container, with the composition's dominant elements shaped by the creator through trimming, pruning, and wiring. * Shanshui penjing (山水盆景): Landscape penjing that depicts a miniature landscape by carefully selecting and shaping rocks, which are usually placed in a container in contact with water. Small live plants are placed within the composition to complete the depiction. * Shuihan penjing (水旱盆景): A water and land penjing style that effectively combines the first two, including miniature trees and optionally miniature figures and structures to portray a landscape in detail. Chinese cultural hegemony gave the practice influence over othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saikei
is the Japanese art of creating tray landscapes that combine miniature living trees with soil, rocks, water, and related vegetation (like ground cover) in a single tray or similar container. A ''saikei'' landscape is meant to evoke a natural location through its overall topography, choice of ground materials, and the plant species used. ''Saikei'' is a descendant of the similar Japanese arts of bonsai, ''bonseki'', and ''bonkei'', and it is related less directly to similar miniature-landscape arts such as the Chinese ''penjing'' and the Vietnamese Hòn Non Bộ, ''hòn non bộ''. ''Saikei'' differs from related Japanese art forms in some key ways, concentrating on the evocation of a natural living landscape rather than on the character of individual trees. Mixed vegetation, including grasses and small flowering plants, make the ''saikei'' a more complex living image than the more ascetic-looking bonsai. As a result, the shape of the ground is very important in a ''saikei'' displ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fifty-three Stations Of The Tōkaidō As Potted Landscapes
''The 53 Stations of the Tōkaidō as Potted Landscapes'' is a Japanese art book published by print artist Utagawa Yoshishige as two volumes in 1848. Each image is an artist's print, and the source for each image is a single Japanese bowl landscape in the traditional bonkei art form. All individual bonkei specimens were created by a second artist, and those physical bonkei then drawn by Utagawa Yoshishige and processed into colored ink-block prints. The printed images were hand-colored and bound, along with a few pages of prefatory text, then published as a pair of books. Influences The original source of the "53 Stations" artistic project is an earlier book of art prints. Famed Japanese woodblock-print (''ukiyo-e'') artist Utagawa Hiroshige published a successful book of art prints titled ''The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō'' (1833–1834). Each print in his book is a scene, generally an exterior setting, from the Tōkaidō road. This famed traveler's route was the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saikei
is the Japanese art of creating tray landscapes that combine miniature living trees with soil, rocks, water, and related vegetation (like ground cover) in a single tray or similar container. A ''saikei'' landscape is meant to evoke a natural location through its overall topography, choice of ground materials, and the plant species used. ''Saikei'' is a descendant of the similar Japanese arts of bonsai, ''bonseki'', and ''bonkei'', and it is related less directly to similar miniature-landscape arts such as the Chinese ''penjing'' and the Vietnamese Hòn Non Bộ, ''hòn non bộ''. ''Saikei'' differs from related Japanese art forms in some key ways, concentrating on the evocation of a natural living landscape rather than on the character of individual trees. Mixed vegetation, including grasses and small flowering plants, make the ''saikei'' a more complex living image than the more ascetic-looking bonsai. As a result, the shape of the ground is very important in a ''saikei'' displ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonseki
''Bonseki'' (, "tray rocks") is the ancient Japanese art of creating miniature landscapes on black trays using white sand, pebbles, and small rocks. Small delicate tools are used in Bonseki such as feathers, small flax brooms, sifters, spoons and wood wedges. The trays are either oval or rectangular, measuring about 60 by 35 centimeters in size. Oval trays have a low rim while rectangular ones are flat. Bonseki scenes often depict mountains, seashores, and gardens. Small stones are used to represent mountains, shore lines or rocky islands that waves break upon. Miniature structures, usually of painted copper, are sometimes added to the work to make houses, temples, bridges, and the like. Bonseki scenes by design are generally meant to only be temporary. Sometimes, by using special methods, a Bonseki scene can be preserved. This is called either ''bonga'' ("tray picture") or ''suna-e'' ("sand picture"). History The origins of Bonseki are unclear but it is believed Emperor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penjing
''Penjing'', also known as ''penzai'', is the ancient Chinese art of depicting artistically formed trees, other plants, and landscapes in miniature. Penjing generally fall into one of three categories: * Shumu penjing (樹木盆景): Tree penjing that focuses on the depiction of one or more trees and optionally other plants in a container, with the composition's dominant elements shaped by the creator through trimming, pruning, and wiring. * Shanshui penjing (山水盆景): Landscape penjing that depicts a miniature landscape by carefully selecting and shaping rocks, which are usually placed in a container in contact with water. Small live plants are placed within the composition to complete the depiction. * Shuihan penjing (水旱盆景): A water and land penjing style that effectively combines the first two, including miniature trees and optionally miniature figures and structures to portray a landscape in detail. Chinese cultural hegemony gave the practice influence over othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonseki
''Bonseki'' (, "tray rocks") is the ancient Japanese art of creating miniature landscapes on black trays using white sand, pebbles, and small rocks. Small delicate tools are used in Bonseki such as feathers, small flax brooms, sifters, spoons and wood wedges. The trays are either oval or rectangular, measuring about 60 by 35 centimeters in size. Oval trays have a low rim while rectangular ones are flat. Bonseki scenes often depict mountains, seashores, and gardens. Small stones are used to represent mountains, shore lines or rocky islands that waves break upon. Miniature structures, usually of painted copper, are sometimes added to the work to make houses, temples, bridges, and the like. Bonseki scenes by design are generally meant to only be temporary. Sometimes, by using special methods, a Bonseki scene can be preserved. This is called either ''bonga'' ("tray picture") or ''suna-e'' ("sand picture"). History The origins of Bonseki are unclear but it is believed Emperor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonsai
Bonsai (; , ) is the Japanese art of Horticulture, growing and shaping miniature trees in containers, with a long documented history of influences and native Japanese development over a thousand years, and with unique aesthetics, cultural history, and terminology derived from its evolution in Japan. Similar arts exist in other cultures, including Korea's ''bunjae'', the Chinese art of ''penjing'', and the miniature living landscapes of Vietnamese . The loanword ''bonsai'' has become an Hyponymy and hypernymy, umbrella term in English, attached to many forms of diminutive potted plants, and also on occasion to other living and non-living things. According to Stephen Orr in ''The New York Times'', "[i]n the West, the word is used to describe virtually all miniature container trees, whether they are authentically trained bonsai or just small rooted cuttings. Technically, though, the term should be reserved for plants that are grown in shallow containers following the precise tenet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hòn Non Bộ
''Hòn non bộ'' (chữ Nôm: 𡉕𡽫部) is the Vietnamese art of making miniature landscapes, imitating the scenery of the islands, mountains and surrounding environment as found in nature. It is a particular local development of the Chinese art of ''penzai'', as was ''bonsai'' in Japan. The phrase ''Hòn non bộ'' comes from the Vietnamese language: ''Hòn'' (𡉕) means islands, ''non'' (𡽫) means mountains, and ''bộ'' 部 means a set, in this context, the islands and the mountains are one set. ''Hòn non bộ'' may be quite large and elaborate or small and simple. It was used to grace the courtyard entrance of the traditional Vietnamese home. Throughout Vietnamese history, ''Hòn non bộ'' have been built for emperors, generals, and other important people as monuments, decorations, personal vistas, and as cultural icons. __TOC__ History Miniature landscape art was first recorded after Ngô dynasty, Vietnamese independence in the year 939. A version of this was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokonoma
A , or simply , is a recessed space in a Japanese-style reception room, in which items for artistic appreciation are displayed. In English, a could be called an Alcove (architecture), alcove. History There are two theories about the predecessor of : the first is that it derives from the room structure of the , which flourished in the Heian period (794–1185) and declined in the Muromachi period (1336–1573); the second is that it derives from the room structure of Zen monasteries in the Kamakura period (1185–1333). In the room of the monastery, there was a board called which displayed Buddhist altar fittings such as candlesticks, incense burners and vases. On the wall behind was a hanging scroll with a Buddhist theme. The second theory is that the and the back wall developed into a -style in the Muromachi period. In , an architectural style developed in the Muromachi period, came to be used as room decoration, and the owner of the house sat in front of decorated wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
