|
Black Travel Movement
The Black Travel Movement is a socioentrepreneurial phenomenon that pursues social change by developing travel-related businesses that encourage Black people to travel. The movement emerged in the 2010s, but in the United States its historical roots go back to ''The Negro Motorist Green Book'' and to historically Black resorts. According to researchers Alana Dillette and Stefanie Benjamin, the movement developed in response to "underrepresentation of Black people in the travel sphere" and is informed by critical race theory. '' Yes!'' magazine in 2021 said the movement was "exploding" in size and influence. History of Black travel Affluent Black people in the United States first commonly travelled for leisure in the late 1800s via rail and steamship. Those who travelled abroad often commented on the relative sense of freedom they felt when outside of the United States. Starting in the early 1900s, resorts were created throughout the U.S. to cater to Black travellers who were u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Entrepreneurship
Social entrepreneurship is an approach by individuals, groups, start-up companies or entrepreneurs, in which they develop, fund and implement solutions to social, cultural, or environmental issues. This concept may be applied to a wide range of organizations, which vary in size, aims, and beliefs. For-profit entrepreneurs typically measure performance using business metrics like profit, revenues and increases in stock prices. Social entrepreneurs, however, are either non-profits, or they blend for-profit goals with generating a positive "return to society". Therefore, they use different metrics. Social entrepreneurship typically attempts to further broad social, cultural and environmental goals often associated with the voluntary sector in areas such as poverty alleviation, health care and community development. At times, profit-making social enterprises may be established to support the social or cultural goals of the organization but not as an end in themselves. For examp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paradise Park, Florida
Paradise Park was a tourist attraction and recreational facility "for colored people only", as its sign said, about from Silver Springs, near Ocala, Florida, founded and run by the same management. It offered similar features, such as glass-bottom boats, "jungle cruises," a petting zoo, a dance pavilion with jukebox, performers, a softball field, a horseshoe toss, and a sandy beach with lifeguards. It operated from 1949 to 1969, closing soon after desegregation of Silver Springs. It served African American patrons prohibited from Silver Springs' boat rides that were limited to whites only. As was the rule during the allegedly separate but equal period, "Paradise Park was alright, but it wasn't up on a par with the white parts of Silver Springs." At the time, it was one of three beaches open for African Americans in the state of Florida. Admission was free, though swimming cost 35¢, which provided a towel and clothes storage. "Paradise Park drew about 100,000 visitors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African-American Culture
African-American culture refers to the contributions of African Americans to the culture of the United States, either as part of or distinct from mainstream American culture. The culture is both distinct and enormously influential on American and global worldwide culture as a whole. African-American culture is a blend between the native African cultures of West Africa and Central Africa and the European culture that has influenced and modified its development in the American South. Understanding its identity within the culture of the United States, that is, in the anthropological sense, conscious of its origins as largely a blend of West and Central African cultures. Although slavery greatly restricted the ability for Africans to practice their original cultural traditions, many practices, values and beliefs survived, and over time they have modified and/or blended with European cultures and other cultures such as that of Native Americans. African-American identity was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sundown Town
Sundown towns, also known as sunset towns, gray towns, or sundowner towns, are all-white municipalities or neighborhoods in the United States that practice a form of racial segregation by excluding non-whites via some combination of discriminatory local laws, intimidation or violence. The term came from signs posted that " colored people" had to leave town by sundown. Entire sundown counties and sundown suburbs were also created by the same process. The practice was not restricted to the southern states, with New Jersey and other northern states being described as equally inhospitable to black travelers until at least the early 1960s. Current practices in a number of present-day towns, in the view of some commentators, perpetuate a modified version of the sundown town. Discriminatory policies and actions distinguish sundown towns from towns that have no black residents for demographic reasons. Historically, towns have been confirmed as sundown towns by newspaper articles, coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Automobile Association
American Automobile Association (AAA – commonly pronounced as "Triple A") is a federation of motor clubs throughout North America. AAA is a privately held not-for-profit national member association and service organization with over 60 million members in the United States and Canada. AAA provides services to its members, including roadside assistance and others. Its national headquarters are in Heathrow, Florida. History The American Automobile Association (the "AAA" or "Triple-A") was founded on March 4, 1902, in Chicago, Illinois, in response to a lack of roads and highways suitable for automobiles.Automobile Men Organize . ''Minneapolis Daily Times''. March 5, 1902. p. 6. At that time, nine motor clubs with a total of 1,500 members banded together to form the AAA. Those individual motor clubs included the Chicag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Essence (magazine)
''Essence'' is a monthly lifestyle magazine covering fashion, beauty, entertainment, and culture. First published in 1970, the magazine is written for African-American women. History Edward Lewis, Clarence O. Smith, Cecil Hollingsworth and Jonathan Blount founded Essence Communications Inc. (ECI) in 1968. It began publishing ''Essence'' magazine in May 1970. Lewis and Smith called the publication a "lifestyle magazine directed at upscale African American women". They recognized that Black women were an overlooked demographic and saw ''Essence'' as an opportunity to capitalize on a virtually untouched market of Black women readers. Its initial circulation was approximately 50,000 copies per month, subsequently growing to roughly 1.6 million.Bynoe, Yvonne. ''Encyclopedia of Rap and Hip-hop Culture''. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2006, p. 263, . Gordon Parks served as its editorial director during the first three years of its circulation. In 2000, Time Inc. purchased 49 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woni Spotts
Woni Spotts is an American woman who completed visiting every country and continent in the world in 2018. According to media studies scholar Tori Omega Arthur, consensus had developed after 2019 that Spotts was the first Black woman to do so. Early life Spotts was born in 1964 in Los Angeles to Betty (née Mosley) and Roger Spotts. Her mother was a singer, dancer, and pianist and her father was a composer and arranger. Travel In 1979, when she was 15, Nolan Davis, a friend of her father's, offered her work as the subject of a documentary he was producing that involved significant overseas travel. By 1982, she had visited more than 160 countries. During this time she kept detailed records as part of her work on the documentary. She resumed her travels in 2013 and completed them in 2018. Most of her travel was not documented via social media. Recognition Travel blogger Jessica Nabongo disputed that Spotts had visited every country, saying in 2019 that she herself was the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jessica Nabongo
Jessica Nambowa Damarie Nassaka Nabongo is a Ugandan-American travel blogger and author, best known for having visited every country in the world. Her assertion she was the first Black woman to have done so was disputed. Early years and education Nabongo was born in Detroit, Michigan to Rose Mary Namubiru and Ephraim Mukasa Nabongo, Ugandans who settled in the United States in 1969; she has dual citizenship. Her mother is from Mbale, in Eastern Uganda and her father grew up on the outskirts of the Ugandan capital, Kampala. According to Nabongo, she received her first passport at the age of four or five. She attended St. John's University in New York City where she obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and then the London School of Economics, where she acquired a social sciences Master's degree in international development. Career Prior to travel blogging After completing college, she worked at a pharmaceutical company for two years, taught English in Japan a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evita Robinson
Evita “Evie” Turquoise Robinson (born 1984) is a writer, motivational speaker, and is the founder of Nomadness Travel Tribe and Nomadness TV. She was born in Albany and raised in Poughkeepsie, New York. She has also lived in Paris, Japan, and Thailand. She is primarily known as a pioneer of the urban travel movement. After graduating from Iona College, where she studied film and television, Robinson attended the New York Film Academy in Paris for a digital filmmaking program. Nomadness Travel Prior to the founding of Nomadness Travel Tribe in September 2011, Robinson featured her solo travel experiences on Nomadness TV. The Nomadness virtual community, which caters primarily to African-Americans due to a lack of representation in the target market for tourism and hospitality companies, is an invitation-only group of travelers which aims to build an inclusive travel community and making world travel more accessible to people of color. Influenced by Seth Godin� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sundown Town
Sundown towns, also known as sunset towns, gray towns, or sundowner towns, are all-white municipalities or neighborhoods in the United States that practice a form of racial segregation by excluding non-whites via some combination of discriminatory local laws, intimidation or violence. The term came from signs posted that " colored people" had to leave town by sundown. Entire sundown counties and sundown suburbs were also created by the same process. The practice was not restricted to the southern states, with New Jersey and other northern states being described as equally inhospitable to black travelers until at least the early 1960s. Current practices in a number of present-day towns, in the view of some commentators, perpetuate a modified version of the sundown town. Discriminatory policies and actions distinguish sundown towns from towns that have no black residents for demographic reasons. Historically, towns have been confirmed as sundown towns by newspaper articles, coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sag Harbor Hills, Azurest, And Ninevah Beach Subdivisions Historic District
Sag Harbor Hills, Azurest, and Ninevah Beach Subdivisions Historic District (SANS) is an African American beachfront community in Sag Harbor, New York. Founded following World War II, the SANS community served primarily as a summer retreat for middle-class African American families during the post-WWII and Jim Crow era. African American families were not allowed at beachfront resorts, pools or beaches, and SANS began as a place of refuge from racial strife. The historic district is bordered by Hempstead Street, Richards Drive, Hampton Street, Lincoln Street, Harding Terrace, Terry Drive and the eastern end of Haven's Beach in Sag Harbor. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 10, 2019. Early history During colonial times, the north-west of East Hampton village was the free black and Native American's enclave along the Indian path to Sag Harbor. When Sag Harbor became the first U.S. port of entry after Northwest Harbor in 1789, the Black and Nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Beach Club
Pacific Beach Club was a planned resort in Orange County, California for African Americans. The beachfront clubhouse, bathhouse, and pavilion were planned in 1925 and construction nearing completion the next year when the property burned down under mysterious circumstances. The resort was located outside Huntington Beach. Planning The Pacific Beach Club was intended to be the "grandest of escapes" and to fulfill the dream of a resort where black people who were restricted from most of the California's beaches "could enjoy the sand and surf". Because of segregation black people in Los Angeles and Orange County were limited to the " Ink Well" in Santa Monica and Bruce's Beach in Manhattan Beach (until the property was seized in an eminent domain after protest from the growing white community surrounding it). Board members for the resort included "a Who's Who of black business and civic leaders in Los Angeles at the time" including Joseph B. Bass, editor of the ''California Eagle''; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Social Entrepreneurship")
