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Bir I Othman
Bir I Othman (ʿUthmān Biri bin Dunama) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1150/1151–1174/1176. Life Bir was the son of Dunama I Umemi and Fasama. He succeeded his father as ''mai'' in 1150/1151, after Dunama was killed in Egypt. In his early reign, Bir was under the influence of his mother Fasama, whose power was apparently so great that she at one point had him imprisoned. He was remembered in later chronicles as a very learned man. Bir's consort was named Zainab and was of Toubou The Toubou or Tubu (from Old Tebu, meaning "rock people") are an ethnic group native to the Tibesti Mountains that inhabit the central Sahara in northern Chad, southern Libya, northeastern Niger, and northwestern Sudan. They live either as her ... origin. They had at least one son together, Abdullah I Bikur, who succeeded Bir as ''mai'' in 1174/1176. References Rulers of the Kanem Empire 12th-century monarchs in Africa {{Africa-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mais Of Kanem–Bornu
The ''mai'' (sometimes translated as king or emperor) was the monarch of the Kanem–Bornu Empire from its foundation 700 until the ''mai''s were replaced as rulers by the List of shehus of Bornu, ''shehu''s in the mid-19th century. The line of ''mai''s is largely reconstructed through the ''girgam'', the empire's royal chronicle. The ''girgam'' was preserved through oral tradition before transcriptions by European scholars in the mid-19th century. The ''girgam'' is not entirely reliable since it was preserved orally and contains some contradictions between different versions. There is however a large degree of agreement across different versions of the ''girgam'' as to the names of rulers and the lengths of their reigns. Because the slightly different versions of the ''girgam'' and a lack of precise dates, names and lengths of reign assigned to the ''mai''s may differ in different sources. For the sake of comparison, this list includes dates from different authors for each ruler. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanem–Bornu Empire
The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the oldest and longest-lived List of kingdoms and empires in African history, empires in African history. The foundation and early history of the Kanem–Bornu Empire is poorly known. The state is typically dated to have been founded around the year 700, though it may have been established centuries earlier or later. The ruling Duguwa dynasty ruled from their capital Njimi in the Kanem (region), Kanem region and used the ruling title ''List of mais of Kanem–Bornu, mai''. By the 11th century, the Duguwa had been replaced by the Sayfawa dynasty and the empire had converted to Islam. Economic factors and conflict with the Bilala people caused the empire to lose Kanem in the 14th century. ''Mai'' Omar I of Kanem, Omar I re-centered the empire i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunama I Umemi
Dunama I Umemi (Dunama Umemi Muḥammad bin Hummay) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1097–1150/1151. Name It is common for Kanem–Bornu rulers named ''Muhammad'' to also be called ''Dunama'', and vice versa. According to 19th-century British colonial supervisor Richmond Palmer, the name might be a compound of ''Dun'' ("power" or "might" in Kanuri) and ''Aman'' (i.e, Ammon) the Berber god. Life Dunama I was the son of Hummay and Kinta. Dunama's consort was named Fasama. Dunama succeeded his father as ''mai'' in 1097, after Hummay died in Egypt while on the Hajj. According to the German explorer Heinrich Barth, who visited Bornu in the mid-19th century, Dunama I was a very powerful ruler, possessing one of the most powerful armies in Kanem–Bornu's history. He commanded 100,000 horses and 120,000 soldiers, excluding mercenaries. Among the Beni Hume (the sons of Hume), none held greater prestige than him.Palmer, H.R. (1926). History Of The First Twelve Year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullah I Bikur
Abdullah I Bikur (ʿAbdallāh Bikur bin ʿUthmān) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1174/1176–1194. Life Abdullah was the son of Bir I Othman and Zainab. He succeeded his father as ''mai'' in 1174/1176. His reign was apparently uneventful; the German explorer Heinrich Barth Johann Heinrich Barth (; ; 16 February 1821 – 25 November 1865) was a German explorer of Africa and scholar. Barth is thought to be one of the greatest of the European explorers of Africa, as his scholarly preparation, ability to speak and wri ..., who visited Bornu in the mid-19th century, records no principal events of Abdullah I's reign, unlike virtually all the other ''mai''s. Abdullah's consort was named Huwa. They had at least one son together, Abd al-Jalil II, who succeeded Abdullah as ''mai'' in 1194. References Rulers of the Kanem Empire 12th-century monarchs in Africa {{Africa-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fasama
Fasama was a consort of ''mai'' Dunama I Umemi of the Kanem–Bornu Empire (r. 1097–1150/1151) and the mother of Dunama's heir, Bir I Othman Bir I Othman (ʿUthmān Biri bin Dunama) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1150/1151–1174/1176. Life Bir was the son of Dunama I Umemi and Fasama. He succeeded his father as ''mai'' in 1150/1151, after Dunama was killed in Egypt ... (r. 1150/1151–1174/1176). Fasama took power in the empire after Dunama's death in Egypt, with Bir I apparently being entirely under her influence during at least the early part of his reign. Fasama is even said to have imprisoned Bir at one point, illustrating the great power she commanded. Although she effectively ruled the empire, Fasama is generally excluded from lists of rulers of Kanem–Bornu. References {{Africa-royal-stub History of women in Chad History of women in Nigeria Rulers of the Kanem Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toubou People
The Toubou or Tubu (from Old Tebu, meaning "rock people") are an ethnic group native to the Tibesti Mountains that inhabit the central Sahara in northern Chad, southern Libya, northeastern Niger, and northwestern Sudan. They live either as herders and nomads or as farmers near oases. Their society is clan-based, with each clan having certain oases, pastures and wells. The Toubou are generally divided into two closely related groups: the Teda (or Tuda, Téda, Toda, Tira) and the Daza (or Dazzaga, Dazagara, Dazagada). They are believed to share a common origin and speak the Tebu languages, which are from the Saharan branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family. Tebu is divided further into two closely related languages, called '' Tedaga'' (Téda Toubou) and '' Dazaga'' (Daza Toubou). Of the two groups, the Daza, found to the south of the Teda, are more numerous. The Toubou people are also referred to as the Tabu, Tebu, Tebou, Tibu, 'Tibbu, Toda, Todga, Todaga, Tubu, Tuda, Tudag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rulers Of The Kanem Empire
A ruler, sometimes called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick, is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Usually, the instrument is rigid and the edge itself is a straightedge ("ruled straightedge"), which additionally allows one to draw straighter lines. Rulers are an important tool in geometry, geography and mathematics. They have been used since at least 2650 BC. Variants Rulers have long been made from different materials and in multiple sizes. Historically, they were mainly wood but plastics have also been used. They can be created with length markings instead of being scribed. Metal is also used for more durable rulers for use in the workshop; sometimes a metal edge is embedded into a wooden desk ruler to preserve the edge when used for straight-line cutting. Typically in length, though some can go up to 100 cm, it is useful for a ruler to be on a des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
