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Bashar Al-Assad
Bashar al-Assad, . (born 11 September 1965) is a Syrian politician who is the current and 19th president of Syria since 17 July 2000. In addition, he is the commander-in-chief of the Syrian Armed Forces and the secretary-general of the Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region, Central Command of the Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction), Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, which nominally espouses a Neo-ba'athism, neo-Ba'athist ideology. His father and predecessor was General Hafiz al-Assad, whose Presidency of Hafez al-Assad, presidency in 1971–2000 marked the transfiguration of Syria from a Republic, republican state into a ''de facto'' dynastic dictatorship, tightly controlled by an Alawites, Alawite-dominated elite composed of the armed forces and the ''General Intelligence Directorate (Syria), Mukhabarat'' (secret services), who are loyal to the al-Assad family. Born and raised in Damascus, Bashar graduated from the medical school of Damascus Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, ordinarily senior to the general officer ranks. Usually, it is the highest rank in an army and as such few persons are appointed to it. It is considered as a five-star rank (OF-10) in modern-day armed forces in many countries. Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a divisional command rank and also as a brigade command rank. Examples of the different uses of the rank include Austria-Hungary, Pakistan, Prussia/Germany, India and Sri Lanka for an extraordinary achievement; Spain and Mexico for a divisional command ( es, link=no, mariscal de campo); and France, Portugal and Brazil for a brigade command (french: link=no, maréchal de camp, pt, marechal de campo). Origins The origin of the term dates to the early Middle Ages, originally meanin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated Faction)
The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (meaning "resurrection"; ar, حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي ''Ḥizb al-Ba‘th al-‘Arabī al-Ishtirākī''), also referred to as the pro-Syrian Ba'ath movement, is a Ba'athism#Neo-Ba'athism, neo-Ba'athist political party with branches across the Arab world. The party emerged from a split in the Ba'ath Party in February 1966 and leads the government in Syria. From 1970 until 2000, the party was led by the Syrian president Hafez al-Assad. , leadership has been shared between his son Bashar al-Assad (head of the Syrian regional organization) and Abdullah al-Ahmar (head of the pan-Arab national organization). Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region, The Syrian branch of the party is the largest organisation within the Syrian-led Ba'ath Party. Leadership General Secretary Hafez al-Assad became the secretary of the Syrian Regional Command of the party in 1970 and Secretary General of the National Command in late 1970. Despit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syrian Armed Forces
The Syrian Arab Armed Forces ( ar, الْقُوَّاتُ الْمُسَلَّحَةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ السُّورِيَّةُ, al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥah al-ʿArabīyah as-Sūrīyah) are the military forces of the Syrian Arab Republic. They consist of the Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Air Force, Syrian Arab Navy, Syrian Arab Air Defense Force, and paramilitary forces, such as the National Defence Force. According to the Syrian constitution, the President of Syria is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The military is a conscripted force; males serve in the military upon reaching the age of 18, but they are exempted from service if they do not have a brother who can take care of their parents. Since the Syrian Civil War, the enlisted members of the Syrian military have dropped by over half from a pre-civil war figure of 325,000 to 150,000 soldiers in the army in December 2014, due to casualties, desertions and draft dodging, reaching between 178,00 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damascus University
The University of Damascus ( ar, جَامِعَةُ دِمَشْقَ, ''Jāmi‘atu Dimashq'') is the largest and oldest university in Syria, located in the capital Damascus and has campuses in other Syrian cities. It was founded in 1923 through the merger of the School of Medicine (established 1903) and the Institute of Law (established 1913). Until 1958, it was named the Syrian University, but the name changed after the founding of the University of Aleppo. Damascus University was one of the most reputable universities in the Arab World before the war in Syria started in 2011. The University of Damascus consists of several faculties, higher Institutes, intermediate institutes and a school of nursing. One of the institutions specializes in teaching the Arabic language to foreigners, which is the largest institution of its kind in the Arab world. History In 1901, the establishment of the Office of the School of Medicine in Damascus was approved and in 1903 this school, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Assad Family
The al-Assad family ( ar, عَائِلَة الْأَسَد '), also known as the Assad dynasty, has ruled Syria since General Hafez al-Assad became President of Syria in 1971 under the Ba'ath Party. After his death, in June 2000, he was succeeded by his son Bashar al-Assad. The Assads are originally from Qardaha, near Latakia, in north-west Syria. They are members of the minority Alawite sect and belong to the Kalbiyya tribe. The family name Assad goes back to 1927, when Ali Sulayman (1875–1963) changed his last name to al-Assad, Arabic for "the lion", possibly in connection with his social standing as a local mediator and his political activities. All members of the extended Assad family stem from Ali Sulayman and his second wife Naissa, who came from a village in the Syrian Coastal Mountains.Martin Stäheli: ''Die syrische Außenpolitik unter Hafiz Assad'', Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ; p. 40 Family connections continue to be important in Syrian politics. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisa Makhlouf
Anisa (or Aniseh) Makhlouf ( ar, أَنِيسَةُ مَخْلُوفٍ, ʾAnīsah Maḵlūf, 5 November 1930 – 6 February 2016)One source cites 1934 as her year of birth (see p. 26) onpcsb.ro; accessed 9 July 2017. was the matriarch of the Syrian , which has ruled the country since 1971. The wife of the late Syrian President , Makhlouf held the position of First Lady of Syria from 1971 until 2000. Her son [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafiz Al-Assad
Hafez al-Assad ', , (, 6 October 1930 – 10 June 2000) was a Syrian statesman and military officer who served as President of Syria from taking power in 1971 until his death in 2000. He was also Prime Minister of Syria from 1970 to 1971, as well as regional secretary of the regional command of the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and secretary general of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party from 1970 to 2000. Assad participated in the 1963 Syrian coup d'état which brought the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power, and the new leadership appointed him commander of the Syrian Air Force. In February 1966, Assad participated in a second coup, which toppled the traditional leaders of the Ba'ath Party. Assad was appointed defence minister by the new government. Four years later, Assad initiated a third coup which ousted the ''de facto'' leader Salah Jadid and appointed himself as leader of Syria. Assad imposed c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafez Bashar Al-Assad
Hafez Bashar al-Assad ( ar, حافظ بشار الأسد; born 4 December 2001) is the eldest son of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad and his wife Asma al-Assad. He has been considered as a potential successor to his father. Personal life Assad was born in Damascus on 4 December 2001 and also, was raised there. He was named after his grandfather, former President of Syria Hafez al-Assad. In his youth, he attended a Montessori school alongside his sister, Zein, and brother, Karim. They also attended a language school in the Baramkeh district of Damascus. Assad received media attention in 2013 when a Facebook account attributed to him posted a criticism of the U.S. military in the wake of the Ghouta chemical attack. However, both Syrian opposition figures and outside media sources questioned whether the since-deleted account was authentic. In 2020, Assad was placed under sanction by the U.S. Department of State in connection with previous sanctions targeting his father's r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asma Al-Assad
Asma Fawaz al-Assad (born 11 August 1975) is the First Lady of Syria. Born and raised in London to Syrian parents, she is married to the 19th and current President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad. Assad graduated from King's College London in 1996 with a bachelor's degree in computer science and French literature. She had a career in investment banking and was set to begin an MBA at Harvard University when she married Bashar al-Assad in December 2000. She resigned from her job in investment banking following the couple's wedding and remained in Syria, where their three children were born. As First Lady, she played a major role in implementing governmental organisations involved with social and economic development throughout the country as part of a reform initiative which was halted due to the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War. As a result of the ongoing Syrian Civil War, a conflict which began in March 2011, Assad is subject to economic sanctions relating to high-level Syria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Progressive Front (Syria)
The National Progressive Front (, ''al-Jabha al-Waṭaniyyah al-Taqaddumiyyah'', NPF) is a political alliance of parties in Syria that supports the Arab nationalist orientation of the government and accepts the "leading role" of the Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party, the largest party in the NPF. History The Front was established in 1972 by Syrian president Hafez al-Assad to provide for a limited degree of participation in government by political parties other than the ruling Ba'ath Party. Its constitution provides that the Ba'ath Party controls 50% plus one of the votes on its executive committee. A number of seats in the People's Council of Syria are reserved for members of NPF parties other than the Ba'ath Party. These minor parties are legally required to accept the leadership of the Ba'ath Party. The non-Ba'athist parties in the Progressive Front, for example, are not allowed to canvass for supporters in the army or the student body which are "reserved exclusively for the Ba'a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damascus
)), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , pushpin_map = Syria#Mediterranean east#Arab world#Asia , pushpin_label_position = right , pushpin_mapsize = , pushpin_map_caption = Location of Damascus within Syria , pushpin_relief = 1 , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Governorate , subdivision_name1 = Damascus Governorate, Capital City , government_footnotes = , government_type = , leader_title = Governor , leader_name = Mohammad Tariq Kreishati , parts_type = Municipalities , parts = 16 , established_title = , established_date ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan
Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan ( ar, محمد سعيد بخيتان; 1945 – 11 March 2022) was a Syrian politician who was the Assistant Secretary of the Syrian Regional Command of the Ba'ath Party. He held the position since 2005. He was a close associate of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and his brother Maher al-Assad and was considered a senior decision-maker in the government. Biography Bukheitan was a Sunni Muslim from Bedouin origins in Deir ez-Zor, a Sunni dominated region near the border with Iraq. He built his career in the police, eventually attaining the rank of general in the criminal security branch of the Ministry of Interior. From 1993 to 2000 he served as Governor of Hama Hama ( ar, حَمَاة ', ; syr, ܚܡܬ, ħ(ə)mɑθ, lit=fortress; Biblical Hebrew: ''Ḥamāṯ'') is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. It is located north of Damascus and north of Homs. It is the provinci ..., a major Sunni region in Syria. Since June ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
