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Bagnayr Monastery
The Bagnayr Monastery is a monastery in Kozluca, Kars, 7 kilometers northwest of Ani, built in the 11th century CE. It was "one of the most renowned monastic complexes in medieval Armenia". The monastery was standing at the end of the 19th century, but is now almost completely in ruins. Construction According to Armenian sources, the 11th century historian Stepanos Asoghik, Vahram Pahlavouni (died 1046) founded the monastery in the year 989. The son of Vahram, Smbat Magistros Pahlavuni, is thought to have founded the main church, Surp Astuacacin, "Holy Mother of God". The church's oldest inscription is dated 1042. The monastery was a major religious center in the 1040s and the Pahlavunis maintained their patronage into the 13th century. Various inscriptions mention the construction of chapels in 1145, 1200, 1223 and 1229. The monastery was probably abandoned at the end of the 13th century. Two walls and an arch vaulted door remain, but the annular vault of the door is ruined. At t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Apostolic Church
The Armenian Apostolic Church () is the Autocephaly, autocephalous national church of Armenia. Part of Oriental Orthodoxy, it is one of the most ancient Christianity, Christian churches. The Armenian Apostolic Church, like the Armenian Catholic Church, belongs to the Armenian Rite. The Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Kingdom of Armenia was the first state in history to adopt Christianity as its official religion (under the Armenian Apostolic traditions) during the rule of Tiridates III of Armenia, King Tiridates III, of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Arsacid dynasty in the early 4th century. According to tradition, the church originated in the missions of Apostles Bartholomew the Apostle, Bartholomew and Jude the Apostle, Thaddeus (Jude) in the 1st century. St. Gregory the Illuminator was the first official primate (bishop), primate of the church. It is sometimes referred to as the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church, Armenian Church or Armenian Gregorian Church. The Armenian Ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kozluca, Kars
Kozluca () is a village in the Kars District of Kars Province, Turkey. Its population is 102 (2023). The village houses the remains of the Armenian Bagnayr Monastery, built in the 10th century CE. The name "Bagnayr" means "cave of fire altars", suggesting the much earlier presence of a Zoroastrian Zoroastrianism ( ), also called Mazdayasnā () or Beh-dīn (), is an Iranian religion centred on the Avesta and the teachings of Zarathushtra Spitama, who is more commonly referred to by the Greek translation, Zoroaster ( ). Among the wo ... sanctuary on the site. Bagnayr monastery According to Armenian sources Vahram Pahlavouni founded the monastery in the year 989. It was probably abandoned at the end of the 13th century. Currently, only one of the original buildings of the complex, the ''Küçük Kozluca Church'', remains partially preserved. This six-foil domed church has lost all of the coverings, and almost all of the exterior stone blocks have been scavenged, but the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Architecture
Armenian architecture comprises architectural works with an aesthetic or historical connection to the Armenians, Armenian people. It is difficult to situate this architectural style within precise geographical or chronological limits, but many of its monuments were created in the regions of historical Armenia, the Armenian Highlands. The greatest achievement of Armenian architecture is generally agreed to be its medieval churches and seventh century churches, though there are different opinions precisely in which respects. Common characteristics of Armenian architecture Medieval architecture, Medieval Armenian architecture, and Armenian churches in particular, have several distinctive features, which some believe to be the first national style of a church building. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stepanos Asoghik
Stepanos Asoghik (), also known as Stepanos Taronetsi (), was an Armenian historian of the centuries. The dates of his birth and death are unknown. His name indicates that he came from the region of Taron and earned the nickname , meaning either 'little speaker' or 'singer'. He wrote a ''Universal History'' () in three books, which he completed in 1004 or early 1005. The first two books summarise the history of the world—with particular reference to Armenia—using the Bible, Eusebius of Caesarea, Movses Khorenatsi and others as sources. The third, most voluminous book deals with the history of the century leading up to Asoghik's own time. Life Almost all that is known about Stepanos Asoghik's life comes from his own ''Universal History''. His surname ''Taronetsi'' indicates that he was from the Armenian region of Taron. This is further supported by various statements that Asoghik makes in his history. He may have been born sometime between and 970. He seems to have receiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vahram Pahlavouni
Vahram Pahlavuni (; d. 1046) was an Armenian military commander and official in Bagratuni Armenia. He was the head of the noble family of Pahlavuni, who held the hereditary title of (general-in-chief) in the Bagratuni kingdom of Armenia. Biography Vahram Pahlavuni was the son of Grigor Pahlavuni (called Grigor Hamze) and his wife Shushan. He occupied various high-ranking positions in the Bagratuni court, bearing the title ("prince of princes") from the 980s to the 1020s, and later took up the hereditary title of (general-in-chief). He led the joint Georgian-Armenian forces to victory against the Sajids at the Battle of Tsumb in 998. In 1041 Vahram Pahlavuni prepared the coronation of the successor to Smbat III, the king’s nephew Gagik II who at that time was only fourteen years old. The Byzantine emperor,was aiming to take control of Ani and its surroundings and annex them into the Empire. To that end, he began supporting the rebel Vest Sarkis, an Armenian pro-Byzantine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhamatun
A ''gavit'' (; gawit’) or ''zhamatun'' (Armenian: ) is a congressional room or mausoleum added to the entrance of a church, and therefore often contiguous to its west side, in a Medieval Armenian monastery. It served as narthex (entrance to the church), mausoleum and assembly room, somewhat like the narthex or lite of a Byzantine church. As an architectural element, the gavit was distinct from the church, and built afterwards. Its first known instance is at the Horomos Monastery, dated to 1038, when it was already called "žamatun". The term "gavit" started to replace the term ''zhamatum from 1181, when it first appears in an inscription at the Sanahin Monastery. History The ''gavit'', the distinctive Armenian style of narthex, appeared in the tenth and eleventh centuries. The first structures in the 10th century were simple quadrangular buildings without columns and protected by wooden roofs, used as dynastic necropoleis. From the 11th century, the first known ''zhamatun'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muqarnas
Muqarnas (), also known in Iberian architecture as Mocárabe (from ), is a form of three-dimensional decoration in Islamic architecture in which rows or tiers of niche-like elements are projected over others below. It is an archetypal form of Islamic architecture, integral to the vernacular of Islamic buildings, and typically featured in domes and vaults, as well as iwans, entrance portals, or other niches. It is sometimes referred to as "honeycomb vaulting" or "stalactite vaulting". The muqarnas structure originated from the squinch. Its purpose is to create a smooth, decorative zone of transition in an otherwise bare, structural space. This structure gives the ability to distinguish between the main parts of a building and serves as a transition from the walls of a square or rectangular room to a round dome or vault above it. Muqarnas could also form entire vaults and domes. From below, these compositions can create an elaborate visual effect based on the interplay of light ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Of The Holy Apostles (Ani)
The Church of the Holy Apostles, also ''Arak’elots'' (, ''Surb Arakelots yekeghets’i''), is an important ecclesiastical monument of the ruined city of Ani, modern Turkey, on the border with Armenia. The church is composed in two parts: the church itself, now largely ruined, and the columned gavit in front of it, remaining in large part. The remains of the gavit are clearly derived from Anatolian Seljuk architecture, Seljuk architectural designs. The church () The church itself was built before 1031, date of a now lost inscription over the south entrance to the church, which was left by Pahlavuni, Abughamir Pahlavuni, a local Armenian prince. The plan of the church is essentially classical Armenian, forming an inscribed quadriconch, with the four cardinal axes each terminating in an apse. This type of plan was already known in the 6th-7th centuris as a Jvari Monastery, Jvari-type in Georgian and Saint Hripsime Church, Hripsime-type in Armenian architecture. The church plan is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horomos Monastery
Horomos (), also known as Horomosivank, Ghoshavank, Hochavank or Khosha Vank, is an abandoned and ruined medieval Armenian monastic complex about 15 kilometers northeast of the ruins of Ani—the capital of Bagratid Armenia—) in present-day eastern Turkey. With its collection of churches, chapels and tombs, Horomos has been described as one of the most significant spiritual and cultural religious centers in medieval Armenia and one of the largest in all the Christian East. History Horomos was founded by a group of Armenian monks around 931-36, during the reign of King Abas I Bagratuni (r. ca. 929-953). The monastic complex was enlarged over time and came to include the individual churches of Sts. John, Minas, and George, a series of large halls ( gavits), a triumphal arch, and various smaller chapels and mausolea. It served as a burial ground for noble families, particularly Ashot III of Armenia (r. 953–77), Gagik I of Armenia (r. 989-1020), Yovhannēs-Smbat, and the Zak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menucihr Mosque
Menucihr Mosque, also Manučehr Mosque (Kurdish: ''Mizgefta Menûçêhr'') is a mosque in the medieval city of Ani in Kars Province, Turkey. It was built between 1072 and 1086 by Manuchihr ibn Shavur of the Kurdish Shaddadid dynasty. The restoration of the mosque started in June 2020. Style The style of the vault is considered as similar to that of the gavit or ''zhamatun'' of the Church of the Holy Apostles at Ani (built before 1217), suggesting broadly similar dates and circumstances. Inscriptions A kufic inscription in a long band on its left façade related to the foundation of the mosque by Manuchihr ibn Shavur, under the government of Seljuk Sultan Malik-Shah I: A small trilingual inscription in the bottom left corner reads: On top of it are a large Mongol Ilkhanid ''yarligh'' inscription of 1319, a taxation edict. File:Menucihr Mosque, inside, 1881.jpg, Menucihr Mosque, plan, 1881. File:Menucihr Mosque, outside, 1881.jpg, Menucihr Mosque, outside, 1881. File:Menu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Monasteries Established In The 10th Century
A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the world. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title (), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term '' mashiach'' () (usually rendered as ''messiah'' in English). While there are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict, they are united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance. The term ''Christian'' used as an adjective is descriptive of anything associated with Christianity or Christian churches, or in a proverbial sense "all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like." According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.3 billion Christians around the world, up from about 600 million in 1910. Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, about 26% live in Europe, 24% live in sub-Saharan Africa, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abandoned Buildings And Structures
Abandon, abandoned, or abandonment may refer to: Common uses * Abandonment (emotional), a subjective emotional state in which people feel undesired, left behind, insecure, or discarded * Abandonment (legal), a legal term regarding property ** Child abandonment, the extralegal abandonment of children ** Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property, legal status of property after abandonment and rediscovery * Abandonment (mysticism) Art, entertainment, and media Film * ''Abandon'' (film), a 2002 film starring Katie Holmes * ''Abandoned'' (1949 film), starring Dennis O'Keefe * ''Abandoned'' (1955 film), the English language title of the Italian war film ''Gli Sbandati'' * ''Abandoned'' (2001 film), a Hungarian film * ''Abandoned'' (2010 film), starring Brittany Murphy * ''Abandoned'' (2015 film), a television movie about the shipwreck of the ''Rose-Noëlle'' in 1989 * ''Abandoned'' (2022 film), starring Emma Roberts * ''The Abandoned'' (1945 film), a 1945 Mexican film * ''The Aban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
