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BBNL
BharatNet, also known as Bharat Broadband Network Limited (BBNL), () is an Indian central public sector undertaking, set up by the Department of Telecommunications, a department under the Ministry of Communications of the Government of India for the establishment, management, and operation of the National Optical Fibre Network to provide a minimum of 100 Mbit/s broadband connectivity to all 250,000- gram panchayats in the country, covering nearly 625,000 villages, by improving the middle layer of nation-wide broadband internet in India to achieve the goal of Digital India."Only 'Made in India' equipment for BharatNet: Govt."


Department Of Telecommunications
The Department of Telecommunications, abbreviated to DoT, is a department of the Ministry of Communications of the executive branch of the Government of India The Government of India (ISO 15919, ISO: Bhārata Sarakāra, legally the Union Government or Union of India or the Central Government) is the national authority of the Republic of India, located in South Asia, consisting of States and union t .... History Telecom services have been recognized the world-over as an important tool for socio-economic development for a nation and hence telecom infrastructure is treated as a crucial factor to realize the socio-economic objectives in India. Accordingly, the Department of Telecom has been formulating developmental policies for the accelerated growth of the telecommunication services. The department is also responsible for grant of licenses for various telecom services like Unified Access Service Internet and VSAT service. The department is also responsible for frequency man ...
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Public Sector Undertakings In India
Public Sector Undertakings (PSU) in India are government-owned entities in which at least 51% of stake is under the ownership of the Government of India or state governments. These types of firms can also be a joint venture of multiple PSUs. These entities perform commercial functions on behalf of the government. Depending on the level of government ownership, PSUs are officially classified into two categories: Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs), owned by the central government or other CPSUs; and State Public Sector Undertakings (SPSUs), owned by state governments. CPSU and SPSU is further classified into Strategic Sector and Non-Strategic Sector. Depending on their financial performance and progress, CPSUs are granted the status of Maharatna, Navaratna, and Miniratna (Category I and II). Following India's independence in 1947, the limited pre-existing industries were insufficient for sustainable economic growth. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956, adopt ...
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Digital India
Digital India is a campaign launched by the Government of India to make its services available to citizens electronically via improved online infrastructure and by increasing Internet connectivity. The initiative includes plans to connect rural areas with high-speed internet networks. It consists of three core components: the development of secure and stable digital infrastructure, delivering government services digitally, and universal digital literacy. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the program on 1 July 2015. Digital India campaign supports other Government of India schemes, such as BharatNet, Make in India, Standup India, industrial corridors, Bharatmala Sagarmala and Amrit Bharat Station Scheme, Atmanirbhar Bharat. While India has seen an increase in internet users in recent years,
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Hotspot (Wi-Fi)
A hotspot is a physical location where people can obtain Internet access, typically using Wi-Fi technology, via a wireless local-area network (WLAN) using a router connected to an Internet service provider. Public hotspots may be created by a business for use by customers, such as coffee shops or hotels. Public hotspots are typically created from wireless access points configured to provide Internet access, controlled to some degree by the venue. In its simplest form, venues that have broadband Internet access can create public wireless access by configuring an access point (AP), in conjunction with a router to connect the AP to the Internet. A single wireless router combining these functions may suffice. A private hotspot, often called tethering, may be configured on a smartphone or tablet that has a network data plan, to allow Internet access to other devices via password, Bluetooth pairing, or through the moeex protocol over USB, or even when both the hotspot devic ...
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The Companies Act, 1956
The Companies Act 1956 was an Act of the Parliament of India, enacted in 1956, which enabled companies to be formed by registration, and set out the responsibilities of companies, their directors and secretaries. It was repealed and replaced by the Companies Act 2013. History The Act was administered by the Government of India through the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and the Offices of Registrar of Companies, Official Liquidators, Public Trustee, Company Law Board, Director of Inspection, etc. The Registrar of Companies (ROC) handles incorporation of new companies and the administration of running companies. Since its commencement, it was amended many times, in which amendment of 1988, 1990, 1996, 2000 , 2011 & 2013 were notable. Types of companies There are 11 types of registrations for a company under the Companies Act 1956. * Private company * Public company * Companies limited by shares * Companies limited by guarantee * Unlimited company * Section 25 company * Govern ...
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Special Purpose Entity
A special-purpose entity (SPE), also called a special-purpose vehicle (SPV) or a financial vehicle corporation (FVC), is a legal entity (usually a limited company of some type or, sometimes, a limited partnership) created to fulfill narrow, specific or temporary objectives. SPEs are typically used by companies to isolate the firm from financial risk. A formal definition is "The Special Purpose Entity is a fenced organization having limited predefined purposes and a legal personality". Normally a company will transfer assets to the SPE for management or use the SPE to finance a large project thereby achieving a narrow set of goals without putting the entire firm at risk. SPEs are also commonly used in complex financings to separate different layers of equity infusion. Commonly created and registered in tax havens, SPEs allow tax avoidance strategies unavailable in the home district. Round-tripping is one such strategy. In addition, they are commonly used to own a single asset and ...
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Amrit Bharat Station Scheme
Amrit Bharat Station Scheme (ABSS) is an ongoing Indian Railways mission launched in February 2023 by the Ministry of Railways to redevelop 1275 stations nationwide. It is both enabler and beneficiary of other key Government of India schemes, such as BharatNet, One Station One Product, Make in India, Startup India, Standup India, industrial corridors, Bharatmala, Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India and Sagarmala. Stations to be Redeveloped The table below lists all the stations under the project. Timeline of events *February 2023 - project was introduced. *24 September 2023 - Phase 1 started. *Autumn 2023 - work began in a phased manner. *22 May 2025 - 103 redeveloped stations Inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. History The ''Adarsh Railway Station Development Scheme'' was introduced in 2009-10. Under this scheme, 1,253 railway stations were identified for development, out of which 1,218 stations have been developed. It aims at the redevelopment and m ...
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UDAN
''Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik'' (Hindi for "Let the common citizens of the country fly"), known by its acronym ''UDAN-RCS'' ('Udan' is Hindi for "flight") is a regional airport development program of the Government of India and part of the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) of upgrading under-serviced air routes.RCS scheme consists of setting up Greenfield airports and as well as upgradation of Brownfield airports. Its objective is to make air travel more accessible and contribute to economic development in India. At the beginning of the scheme, out of a total of 486 airports, 406 were under-servicedParticipating unserved UDAN-RCS airports

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Industrial Corridor
An industrial corridor is a package of infrastructure spending allocated to a specific geographical area, with the intent to stimulate industrial development. An industrial corridor aims to create an area with a cluster of manufacturing or another industry. Such corridors are often created in areas that have pre-existing infrastructure, such as ports, highways and railroads. These modalities are arranged such that an "arterial" modality, such as a highway or railroad, receives "feeder" roads or railways. Concerns when creating corridors include correctly assessing demand and viability, transport options for goods and workers, land values, and economic incentives for companies. Infrastructure corridors are transportation systems designed to facilitate the flow of goods, services, knowledge and capital. The development of infrastructure corridors is often a link between rural areas and urban growth. In the 21st century, industrial corridors are often viewed as opportunities for jobs ...
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Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation Of India
The dedicated freight corridors in India are a network of Railway electrification, electric 5 ft 6 in gauge railway, broad gauge Rail freight transport, freight railway lines that solely serve freight trains, thus making the freight service in India faster and efficient. The Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) a Public Sector Undertakings in India, public sector company is responsible for undertaking planning, development, mobilisation of financial resources and construction, maintenance and operation of these corridors. In fiscal year 2024, an average of 241 trains used the dedicated freight corridors daily. History The Tenth Five-Year Plans of India, Five Year Plan (2002–07) projected that freight traffic in India would rise from 489 million tons in 2001–02 to 624 million tons by 2006–07, growing at a rate of 5% annually. The mid-term appraisal of the Tenth Five Year Plan suggested building dedicated freight corridors (DFC) on trunk routes. The o ...
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Sagar Mala Project
The Sagarmala Programme () is an initiative by the Government of India to enhance the performance of the country's logistics sector. The programme envisages unlocking the potential of waterways and the coastline to minimize infrastructural investments required to meet these targets. The Sagarmala Programme is the flagship programme of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways to promote port-led development in the country. Maritime sector in India has been the backbone of the country’s trade and has grown manifold over the years. To harness India’s 7,517 km long coastline, 14,500 km of potentially navigable waterways and strategic location on key international maritime trade routes, the Government of India has embarked upon the ambitious Sagarmala Programme which aims to promote port-led development in the country. The concept of Sagarmala was approved by the Union Cabinet on 25 March 2015. The vision of Sagarmala is to reduce logistics costs for both domest ...
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Bharatmala
The Bharatmala Pariyojna ( 'India garland project') is a project in India implemented by Government of India. It was slated to interconnect 550 District Headquarters (from the current 300) through a minimum 4-lane highway by raising the number of corridors to 50 (from the current 6) and move 80% of freight traffic (40% currently) to National Highways by interconnecting 24 logistics parks, 66 inter-corridors (IC) of total , 116 feeder routes (FR) of total and 7 northeast Multi-Modal waterway ports. The project also includes the development of tunnels, bridges, elevated corridors, flyovers, overpasses, interchanges, bypasses, ring roads, etc. to provide the shortest, jam-free & optimized connectivity to multiple places, it is a centrally-sponsored and funded Road and Highways project of the Government of India. This ambitious umbrella programme subsumed all existing Highway Projects including the flagship National Highways Development Project (NHDP), launched by the Atal Bih ...
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