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Aviadvigatel PD-35
The Aviadvigatel PD-14 (previously known as PS-12) is a high-bypass turbofan that was developed by Aviadvigatel to power the Irkut MC-21, Yakovlev MC-21 twin-jet airliner. It is a 14 tf (30,865 lbf) thrust powerplant. Development In December 2009, the PD-14 was developed to be 15% more efficient than its PS-90A2 predecessor and to be installed on the Yakovlev MC-21, MC-21 and the Ilyushin Il-276. The PD-14 was announced in early 2010 with its development cost estimated at Russian ruble, RUB 35 billion (US$1.1 billion). In April 2010, Aviadvigatel was expecting to start its certification procedure in 2012. Its core was first tested on 26 November 2010. It was displayed for the first time at the 2013 Russian MAKS air show. Flight tests began in 2015 on an Ilyushin Il-76. Between December 2016 and May 2017, the PD-14 operational performance and working efficiency at all altitudes and speeds were assessed on the Il-76 testbed aircraft at Gromov Flight Research Institute near Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WikiProject Aircraft
A WikiProject, or Wikiproject, is an affinity group for contributors with shared goals within the Wikimedia movement. WikiProjects are prevalent within the largest wiki, Wikipedia, and exist to varying degrees within Wikimedia project, sibling projects such as Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikidata, and Wikisource. They also exist in different languages, and translation of articles is a form of their collaboration. During the COVID-19 pandemic, CBS News noted the role of Wikipedia's WikiProject Medicine in maintaining the accuracy of articles related to the disease. Another WikiProject that has drawn attention is WikiProject Women Scientists, which was profiled by ''Smithsonian Magazine, Smithsonian'' for its efforts to improve coverage of women scientists which the profile noted had "helped increase the number of female scientists on Wikipedia from around 1,600 to over 5,000". On Wikipedia Some Wikipedia WikiProjects are substantial enough to engage in cooperative activities with outsi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilyushin Il-76
The Ilyushin Il-76 (; NATO reporting name: Candid) is a multi-purpose, fixed-wing, four-engine turbofan strategic airlifter designed by the Soviet Union's Ilyushin design bureau as a commercial freighter in 1967, to replace the Antonov An-12. It was developed to deliver heavy machinery to remote and poorly served areas. Military versions of the Il-76 have been widely used in Europe, Asia and Africa, including use as an aerial refueling tanker and command center. The Il-76 has seen extensive service as a commercial freighter for ramp-delivered cargo, especially for outsized or heavy items that cannot be carried by other means. It has also been used as an emergency response transport for civilian evacuations as well as for humanitarian aid and disaster relief around the world. Thanks to its ability to operate from unpaved runways, it has been useful in undeveloped areas. Specialized models have also been produced for aerial firefighting and reduced-gravity training. Design a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EASA
The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is an agency of the European Commission with responsibility for civil aviation safety in the European Union. It carries out certification, regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring. It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world. The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003. History Based in Cologne, Germany, the agency was created on 15 July 2002 as the "European Aviation Safety Agency", and reached full functionality in 2008, taking over functions of the Joint Aviation Authorities. It was renamed the "European Union Aviation Safety Agency" in 2018. European Free Trade Association countries participate in the agency. The United Kingdom was a member until the end of the Brexit trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MC-21
The Yakovlev MC-21 () is a Narrow-body airliner, single-aisle airliner, under development in Russia by the Yakovlev Corporation (formerly known as Irkut Corporation), a branch of the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC), itself a 92%-owned subsidiary of Russia's state-owned aviation giant Rostec. The variant MC-21-310 of the airliner powered by the Russian-made Aviadvigatel PD-14 engine made its maiden flight on 15 December 2020 from Irkutsk. Project history The program to build the MC-21 was launched in 2007. Irkut rolled out the first MC-21-300 with Pratt & Whitney engines on 8 June 2016 and first flew the aircraft on 28 May 2017. The twinjet has a carbon fibre reinforced polymer wing and was to be powered by Aviadvigatel PD-14 turbofans or Pratt & Whitney PW1000G engines. By July 2018, the company had received 175 firm orders. In early 2022, international sanctions against Russia were imposed due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Irkut Corporation was placed on the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosaviatsia
The Federal Air Transport Agency ( - ''Federalnoye agentstvo vozdushnogo transporta'', FAVT), also known as Rosaviatsiya (), is the civil aviation authority of the Russian Federation, responsible for overseeing the civil aviation industry across Russia and surrounding international waters, covering about 14 flight information regions. Its headquarters are located in Moscow. The Federal Air Transport Agency regularly works alongside the Interstate Aviation Committee in investigations of aviation accidents and incidents. It is also called the Russian Federation Civil Aviation Administration (RFCAA). History The Federal Air Transport Agency was established in 2004 by Russian President Vladimir Putin. On March 9, 2004, Putin issued a decree, “On the System and Structure of Federal Executive Bodies,” in which the Agency was created. The Agency received many functions of the abolished Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation. A cyberattack on Rosaviatsia by hackers was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fan Blade
A turbine blade is a radial aerofoil mounted in the rim of a turbine disc and which produces a tangential force which rotates a turbine rotor. Each turbine disc has many blades. As such they are used in gas turbine engines and steam turbines. The blades are responsible for extracting energy from the high temperature, high pressure gas produced by the combustor. The turbine blades are often the limiting component of gas turbines. To survive in this difficult environment, turbine blades often use exotic materials like superalloys and many different methods of cooling that can be categorized as internal and external cooling, and thermal barrier coatings. Blade fatigue is a major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vibration
Vibration () is a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point. Vibration may be deterministic if the oscillations can be characterised precisely (e.g. the periodic motion of a pendulum), or random if the oscillations can only be analysed statistically (e.g. the movement of a tire on a gravel road). Vibration can be desirable: for example, the motion of a tuning fork, the reed in a woodwind instrument or harmonica, a mobile phone, or the cone of a loudspeaker. In many cases, however, vibration is undesirable, wasting energy and creating unwanted sound. For example, the vibrational motions of engines, electric motor An electric motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a electromagnetic coil, wire winding to gene ...s, or any Machine, mechanical device in operation are typically unwanted. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High-speed Camera
A high-speed camera is a device capable of capturing moving images with exposures of less than second or frame rates in excess of 250 frames per second. It is used for recording fast-moving objects as photographic images onto a storage medium. After recording, the images stored on the medium can be played back in slow motion. Early high-speed cameras used photographic film to record the high-speed events, but have been superseded by entirely electronic devices using an image sensor (e.g. a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a MOS active pixel sensor (APS)), typically recording over 1 000 frames per second onto DRAM, to be played back slowly to study the motion for scientific study of transient phenomena. Overview A high-speed camera can be classified as: # A high-speed film camera which records to film, # A high-speed video camera which records to electronic memory, # A high-speed framing camera which records images on multiple image planes or multiple locations on the same im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bird Strike
A bird strike (sometimes called birdstrike, bird ingestion (for an engine), bird hit, or bird aircraft strike hazard (BASH)) is a collision between an airborne animal (usually a bird or bat) and a moving vehicle (usually an aircraft). The term is also used for bird deaths resulting from collisions with structures, such as power lines, towers and wind turbines (see bird–skyscraper collisions and towerkill). A significant threat to flight safety, bird strikes have caused a number of accidents with human casualties. There are over 13,000 bird strikes annually in the US alone. However, the number of major accidents involving civil aircraft is quite low and it has been estimated that there is only about one accident resulting in human death in one billion (109) flying hours. The majority of bird strikes (65%) cause little damage to the aircraft; however, the collision is usually fatal to the bird(s) involved. Vultures and geese have been ranked the second and third most hazard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aircraft Noise
Aircraft noise pollution refers to noise produced by aircraft in flight that has been associated with several negative stress-mediated health effects, from sleep disorders to cardiovascular disorders. Governments have enacted extensive controls that apply to aircraft designers, Aerospace manufacturer, manufacturers, and operators, resulting in improved procedures and cuts in pollution. Mechanisms of sound pollution Aircraft noise is noise pollution produced by an aircraft or its components, whether on the ground while parked such as auxiliary power units, while taxiing, on run-up from propeller and jet exhaust, during takeoff, underneath and lateral to departure and arrival paths, over-flying while en route, or during landing. A moving aircraft including the jet engine or Propeller (aircraft), propeller causes Compression (physics), compression and rarefaction of the air, producing motion of air molecules. This movement propagates through the air as pressure waves. If these p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Engine Corporation
JSC United Engine Corporation () is a Russian state-owned company responsible for production of engines for military and civil aviation and space exploration programs. It manufactures power turbines for electricity and heat generation, gas compressor units and marine gas-turbine units. In 2018, the company's revenue amounted to 42 billion rubles. UEC has created a new version of the Aviadvigatel PD-14, PD-14 aviation engine for the next-generation Irkut MC-21, MS-21 aircraft as well as a next-generation military engine for the 5th generation fighter jet, helicopter engines etc. The company has also engineered and introduced to the market new gas-turbine units with a capacity of 60-110 mw. Compared to other companies of the Rostec group, the financial situation of United Engine Corporation is described as "quite unstable", owing to the considerable amount of debt raised to fund asset purchases. Sanctioned by the United States Office of Foreign Assets Control in December 2015 Str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhukovsky Airfield
Zhukovsky (), formerly (and still occasionally) known as Ramenskoye () is an international airport, located in Moscow Oblast, Russia, southeast of central Moscow, in the city of Zhukovsky, a few kilometers south-east of the closed Bykovo Airport. History ZIA Airport official logo before March 2025 The airfield began as a military airbase, originally assigned in 1941 to the newly established Flight Research Institute which served as a USSR aircraft testing establishment, with most of the major Russian OKBs having facilities there. The airfield was used as a test site in the 1980s for the Soviet Buran Spacecraft. It was also used by the Ministry of Emergency Situations and cargo carriers. Until June 2006, jet fighters flights for the public and international customers were available at the Gromov Flight Research Institute airfield (a number of two-seater jets like: Aero L-39 Albatros, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 Foxbat, for Edge of Space flights, Mikoyan MiG-29 Fulcrum, et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
