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Augustin Nicolas Gilbert
Augustin Nicolas Gilbert (; 15 February 1858 – 4 March 1927) was a French physician. He was born in the town of Buzancy, Ardennes, and died in Paris. He received his doctorate from the University of Paris and became an intern at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. Later he was a professor of therapeutics (1902) and clinical medicine (1905) at Hôtel-Dieu. In 1907 he became a member of the ''Académie de Médecine''. He published many articles and books on a wide array of medical subjects. With Jean Alfred Fournier (1832-1914) he published ''Bibliothèque rouge de l'étudiant en médecine'', and with Paul Brouardel (1837-1906) and others, he published the multi-volume ''Traité de médecine et de Thérapeutique''. With neurologist Maurice Villaret (1877–1946), he conducted extensive research of portal hypertension. Gilbert described a hereditary cause of increased bilirubin; today this disorder is known as Gilbert's syndrome and is believed to be caused by a deficiency of the enzyme gl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hôtel-Dieu 2012 43
In French-speaking countries, a hôtel-Dieu () was originally a hospital for the poor and needy, run by the Catholic Church. Nowadays these buildings or institutions have either kept their function as a hospital, the one in Paris being the oldest and most renowned, or have been converted into hotels, museums, or general purpose buildings (for instance housing a préfecture, the administrative head office of a French department). Therefore, as a secondary meaning, the term hôtel-Dieu can also refer to the building itself, even if it no longer houses a hospital. Examples include: ;Belgium *Notre Dame à la Rose, founded in 1242 ;France *Hôtel-Dieu d'Angers, founded in 1153 *Hôtel-Dieu de Beaune, founded in 1443 *Hôtel-Dieu of Carpentras, built in 1754 *Hôtel-Dieu of Château-Thierry, founded in 1304 *Hôtel-Dieu of Cluny, built in the 17th and 18th century *Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon, created in 1478 *Hôtel-Dieu of Nantes, completed in 1508 *Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, founded in 650 *Hôte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portal Hypertension
Portal hypertension is defined as increased portal venous pressure, with a hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg. Normal portal pressure is 1–4 mmHg; clinically insignificant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures 5–9 mmHg; clinically significant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures greater than 10 mmHg. The portal vein and its branches supply most of the blood and nutrients from the intestine to the liver. Cirrhosis (a form of chronic liver failure) is the most common cause of portal hypertension; other, less frequent causes are therefore grouped as non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. The signs and symptoms of both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension are often similar depending on cause, with patients presenting with abdominal swelling due to ascites, vomiting of blood, and lab abnormalities such as elevated liver enzymes or low platelet counts. Treatment is directed towards decreasing portal hypertension itself or in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1927 Deaths
Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the BBC, British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, John Reith becomes the first Director-General. * January 7 ** The first transatlantic telephone call is made ''via radio'' from New York City, United States, to London, United Kingdom. ** The Harlem Globetrotters exhibition basketball team play their first ever road game in Hinckley, Illinois. * January 9 – The Laurier Palace Theatre fire at a movie theatre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, kills 78 children. * January 10 – Fritz Lang's futuristic film ''Metropolis (1927 film), Metropolis'' is released in Germany. * January 11 – Louis B. Mayer, head of film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), announces the creation of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, at a banquet in Los Angeles, California. * January 24 – U.S. Marines United States occ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1858 Births
Events January–March * January 9 ** Revolt of Rajab Ali: British forces finally defeat Rajab Ali Khan of Chittagong. ** Anson Jones, the last president of the Republic of Texas, commits suicide. * January 14 – Orsini affair: Piedmontese revolutionary Felice Orsini and his accomplices fail to assassinate Napoleon III in Paris, but their bombs kill eight and wound 142 people. Because of the involvement of French émigrés living in Britain, there is a brief anti-British feeling in France, but the emperor refuses to support it. * January 25 – The '' Wedding March'' by Felix Mendelssohn becomes a popular wedding recessional, after it is played on this day at the marriage of Queen Victoria's daughter Victoria, Princess Royal, to Prince Friedrich of Prussia in St James's Palace, London. * January ** Benito Juárez becomes the Liberal President of Mexico and its first indigenous president. At the same time, the conservatives installed Félix María Zuloaga as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University And State Library Düsseldorf
The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. Tradition and Modernity From 1965 to 1969, the University and Library Düsseldorf gradually developed out of the Medical Academy in Düsseldorf. There is no real founding year of the ULB, but the foundation stone for an integrated library system was laid when the former State and City Library of Düsseldorf was taken over by the university in 1970 and merged with the Central Library of the former Medical Academy. Structure and Holdings The ULB consists of one central library and four decentralized locations. Management and media processing are organized centrally. Catalogues, databases, e-books and e-journals are accessible throughout the whole university as well as at home via the library network. Collections Thomas Mann Collection ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glucuronosyltransferase
Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase ( UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UDPGT or UGT) is a microsomal glycosyltransferase () that catalyzes the transfer of the glucuronic acid component of UDP-glucuronic acid to a small hydrophobic molecule. This is a glucuronidation reaction. ''Alternative names:'' * glucuronyltransferase * UDP-glucuronyl transferase * UDP-GT Function Glucuronosyltransferases are responsible for the process of glucuronidation, a major part of phase II metabolism. Arguably the most important of the Phase II (conjugative) enzymes, UGTs have been the subject of increasing scientific inquiry since the mid-to-late 1990s. The reaction catalyzed by the UGT enzyme involves the addition of a glucuronic acid moiety to xenobiotics and is the most important pathway for the human body's elimination of the most frequently prescribed drugs. It is also the major pathway for foreign chemical (dietary, environmental, pharmaceutical) removal for most drugs, dietary su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzyme
An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as product (chemistry), products. Almost all metabolism, metabolic processes in the cell (biology), cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called ''enzymology'' and the field of pseudoenzyme, pseudoenzyme analysis recognizes that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis, which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic' properties. Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Other biocatalysts include Ribozyme, catalytic RNA molecules, also called ribozymes. They are sometimes descr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilbert's Syndrome
Gilbert syndrome (GS) is a syndrome in which the liver of affected individuals processes bilirubin more slowly than the majority resulting in higher levels in the blood. Many people never have symptoms. Occasionally jaundice (a yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes) may occur. Gilbert syndrome is due to a genetic variant in the ''UGT1A1'' gene which results in decreased activity of the bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase enzyme. It is typically inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and occasionally in an autosomal dominant pattern depending on the type of variant. Episodes of jaundice may be triggered by stress such as exercise, menstruation, or not eating. Diagnosis is based on elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood without signs of liver problems or red blood cell breakdown. Typically no treatment is needed. Phenobarbital aids in the conjugation of bilirubin and can be prescribed if jaundice becomes significant. Gilbert s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilirubin
Bilirubin (BR) (adopted from German, originally bili—bile—plus ruber—red—from Latin) is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normcomponent of the straw-yellow color in urine. Another breakdown product, stercobilin, causes the brown color of feces. Although bilirubin is usually found in animals rather than plants, at least one plant species, '' Strelitzia nicolai'', is known to contain the pigment. Structure Bilirubin consists of an open-chain tetrapyrrole. It is formed by oxidative cleavage of a porphyrin in heme, which affords biliverdin. Biliverdin is reduced to bilirubin. After conjugation with glucuronic acid, bilirubin is water-soluble and can be excreted. Bilirubin is structurally similar to the pigment phycobilin used by certain algae to capture light energy, and to the pigment phytochrome used by plants to sense light. All of these contain an open chain of four pyrrolic rings. Like these other pigments, some of the double-bonds in bilirubin isomer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Villaret
Maurice Villaret (7 September 1877 – 25 January 1946) was a French neurologist born in Paris. In 1906 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Paris. In 1919 he became ''médecin des hôpitaux'' in Paris, and subsequently served as ''médecin chef'' at the Hôpital Necker. In 1927 he became a professor of hydrotherapy and climatology, and in 1939 was appointed clinical professor at the Hôpital Broussais. He is remembered for his studies and experiments involving precision localization of vascular lesions of the brain. In 1917 he described what was to become known as "Villaret's syndrome". This syndrome is characterized by an ipsilateral paralysis of cranial nerve numbers IX, X, XI, XII, and sometimes cranial nerve number VII. It may also involve the cervical ganglia of the sympathetic trunk. Paralysis is caused by a lesion in the posterior retroparotid space. * Nerve IX involvement > loss of posterior taste of tongue * Nerve X involvement > Loss of sensatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buzancy, Ardennes
Buzancy () is a Communes of France, commune in the Ardennes (department), Ardennes Departments of France, department and Grand Est Regions of France, region of north-eastern France. In 1974, it absorbed the former commune Sivry-lès-Buzancy. ''Journal officiel de la République française'' n° 0030, 3 February 1974, pp. 1283-1284. Population See also *Communes of the Ardennes departmentReferences Communes of Ardennes (department) Ardennes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia {{Ardennes-geo-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
