Augustin Nicolas Gilbert
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Augustin Nicolas Gilbert (; 15 February 1858 – 4 March 1927) was a French physician. He was born in the town of
Buzancy, Ardennes Buzancy () is a Communes of France, commune in the Ardennes (department), Ardennes Departments of France, department and Grand Est Regions of France, region of north-eastern France. In 1974, it absorbed the former commune Sivry-lès-Buzancy.
, and died in Paris. He received his doctorate from the
University of Paris The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated wit ...
and became an intern at the
Hôtel-Dieu de Paris In French-speaking countries, a hôtel-Dieu () was originally a hospital for the poor and needy, run by the Catholic Church. Nowadays these buildings or institutions have either kept their function as a hospital, the one in Paris being the oldest an ...
. Later he was a professor of therapeutics (1902) and clinical medicine (1905) at Hôtel-Dieu. In 1907 he became a member of the '' Académie de Médecine''. He published many articles and books on a wide array of medical subjects. With Jean Alfred Fournier (1832-1914) he published ''Bibliothèque rouge de l'étudiant en médecine'', and with Paul Brouardel (1837-1906) and others, he published the multi-volume ''Traité de médecine et de Thérapeutique''. With
neurologist Neurology (from , "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the nervous system, which comprises the brain, the ...
Maurice Villaret (1877–1946), he conducted extensive research of
portal hypertension Portal hypertension is defined as increased portal venous pressure, with a hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg. Normal portal pressure is 1–4 mmHg; clinically insignificant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures 5â ...
. Gilbert described a hereditary cause of increased
bilirubin Bilirubin (BR) (adopted from German, originally bili—bile—plus ruber—red—from Latin) is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normcomponent of the straw-yellow color in urine. Another breakdown product, stercobilin, causes the brown ...
; today this disorder is known as
Gilbert's syndrome Gilbert syndrome (GS) is a syndrome in which the liver of affected individuals processes bilirubin more slowly than the majority resulting in higher levels in the blood. Many people never have symptoms. Occasionally jaundice (a yellowing of the ...
and is believed to be caused by a deficiency of the
enzyme An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...
glucuronosyltransferase Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase ( UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UDPGT or UGT) is a microsomal glycosyltransferase () that catalyzes the transfer of the glucuronic acid component of UDP-glucuronic acid to a small hydrophobic molecu ...
.


Works

* ''Formulaire : ncien Formulaire de Dujardin-Beaumetz' . Doin, Paris 23e Ed. 191
Digital edition
by the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gilbert, Augustin Nicolas 20th-century French physicians 1858 births 1927 deaths People from Ardennes (department) 19th-century French physicians