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Ateist
Ateist (; lit. «Atheist») was an antireligious monthly journal in Russian, which was published from 1922 to 1930 in the RSFSR and the USSR. Ateist was established in 1921 in Moscow, on the initiative of Pyotr Krasikov, P. A. Krasikov and Ivan Shpitsberg, I. A. Shpitsberg in order to promote leading works that were critical of religion. Shpitsberg became the editor-in-chief of the journal. The first two issues of the publication Atheist were printed in the form of a newspaper in 1922, in February and March. The format of the newspaper was considered uncomfortable, and it was therefore published as a journal instead. From April 1922 to April 1925, the journal was published on a continual basis. Further, between 1925 and 1930, 59 issues were released. The main objective of the journal was to highlight perceived issues throughout the history of religion, particularly concerning its role in the previous Russian Empire, Russian empire, as well as to document the development of atheis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
League Of Militant Atheists
The League of Militant Atheists (), also Society of the Godless () or Union of the Godless (), was an atheism, atheistic and Antireligion, antireligious organization of workers and intelligentsia that developed in Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia under the influence of the ideological and cultural views and policies of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1947. It consisted of party members, members of the Komsomol youth movement, those without specific political affiliation, workers, and military veterans. The league embraced workers, peasants, students, and intelligentsia. It had its first affiliates at factories, plants, collective farms (''kolkhozy''), and educational institutions. By the beginning of 1941 it had about 3.5 million members from 100 ethnicities. It had about 96,000 offices across the country. Guided by Bolshevik principles of communist propaganda and by the Party's orders with regards to religion, the League aimed at e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voinstvuiuschii Ateizm
''Voinstvuiuschii ateizm'' (; ; ; lit. «Militant Atheism») was an antireligious monthly magazine in Russian, German, and Esperanto, which was published from January to December 1931, in the USSR. The League of Militant Atheists began publishing the magazine Voinstvuiuschii ateizm in 1931. Dimitry V. PospielovskyA History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) p. 61./ref> The magazine was the organ of the Central Council of the League of Militant Atheists of the USSR. P. A. Krasikov became the editor-in-chief of the magazine. This magazine was a replacement for the magazine Ateist. The editorial board of the journal included Y. M. Yaroslavsky, F. M. Putintsev, A. A. Ivanovskii, E. D. Krinitsky, A. T. Lukachevsky, N. M. Matorin, A. Nyrchuk, V. N. Ralcevic, I. A. Shpitsberg (responsible secretary). The magazine published articles on vario ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semyon Kamenev
Semyon Alekseyevich Kamenev (; 189514 March 1938) was an educator, professor, writer, and Soviet propagandist of atheism. Semyon Kamenev was born in the village of Semyonovka, Kursk Uyezd, Kursk Governorate. He received a higher education. He worked as a research fellow at the Central Research Institute of Elementary School. He was a member of the editorial board of Ateist, an anti-theistic monthly journal. Kamenev was a member of the RCP(b). He lived in Moscow at 2 Gagarinsky Lane, apartment 2. During the Great Purge, on 17 December 1937, Kamenev was arrested and accused by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union of participating in an anti-Soviet organization. On 14 March 1938, Kamenev was shot at the Kommunarka shooting ground in Moscow Oblast. Following de-stalinization, on 12 May 1956, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union rehabilitated him. Work In Russian * «Советская трудовая школа» (Soviet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Spitzberg
Ivan Anatolievich Shpitsberg (; 1880 — 1933), was a Russian and Soviet lawyer, journalist, writer, translator, organizer, and head of the scientific society and publishing house Atheist () (1921), and editor of the eponymous magazine. Career Shpitsberg was born into a noble family. He graduated from the Faculty of Law at Saint Petersburg State University in 1906. On 1 September 1906 he became an assistant to a sworn attorney. On 9 June 1912 he became a sworn attorney in St. Petersburg. After February 1917, he worked as an official of the Holy Synod on divorce cases. According to information on 13 March 1917, he was an "employee of the commissariat of the 4 sub-district of the Foundry District" in Petrograd. From January to June 1918, he was "chairman of the Marriage Department of the Foundry District Council" of the Workers' Council and soldiers' deputies, also in Petrograd. Since 1918, he became an anti-religious lecturer-propagandist, and, at the same time, a comrade of the Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Terror
The Red Terror () was a campaign of political repression and Mass killing, executions in Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia which was carried out by the Bolsheviks, chiefly through the Cheka, the Bolshevik secret police force. It officially started in early September 1918 and it lasted until 1922, though violence committed by Bolshevik soldiers, sailors, and Red Guards had been ongoing since late 1917. Decreed after assassination attempts on Vladimir Lenin along with the successful assassinations of Petrograd Cheka leader Moisei Uritsky and party editor V. Volodarsky in alleged retaliation for Bolshevik mass repressions, the Red Terror was modeled on the Reign of Terror of the French Revolution,Wilde, Robert. 2019 February 20.The Red Terror" ''ThoughtCo''. Retrieved March 24, 2021. and the Paris Commune sought to eliminate political dissent, opposition, and any other threat to Bolshevik power. More broadly, the term can be applied to Political repression ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persecution Of Muslims
The persecution of Muslims has been recorded throughout the history of Islam, beginning with its founding by Muhammad in the 7th century. In the early days of Islam in Mecca, pre-Islamic Arabia, the new Muslims were frequently subjected to abuse and persecution by the Meccans, known as the Mushrikun in Islam, who were adherents to polytheism. In the contemporary period, Muslims have faced religious restrictions in some countries. Various incidents of Islamophobia have also occurred. Medieval Early Islam In the early days of Islam in Mecca, the new Muslims were often subjected to abuse and persecution by the pagan Meccans (often called ''Mushrikin'': the unbelievers or polytheists). Some were killed, such as Sumayya, the seventh convert to Islam, who was allegedly tortured first by Amr ibn Hisham. Even the Islamic prophet Muhammad was subjected to such abuse; while he was praying near the Kaaba, Uqba ibn Abu Mu'ayt threw the entrails of a sacrificed camel over him. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persecution Of Christians In Warsaw Pact Countries
After the October Revolution, there was a movement within the Soviet Union to unite all of the people of the world under communist rule known as world communism. Communism as interpreted by Vladimir Lenin and his successors in the Soviet government included the abolition of religion and to this effect the Soviet government launched a long-running unofficial campaign to eliminate religion from society. Since some of these Slavic states tied their ethnic heritage to their ethnic churches, both the peoples and their churches were targeted by the Soviets. Across Eastern Europe following World War II, parts of the former Nazi Germany liberated by the Soviet Red Army and Yugoslav Partisans became one-party communist states and the project of coercive conversion to atheism continued. The Soviet Union ended its war time truce against the Russian Orthodox Church, and extended its persecutions to the newly communist Eastern bloc. While the churches were generally not as severely treated as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persecution Of Christians In The Soviet Union
Throughout the history of the Soviet Union (1922–1991), there were periods when Soviet authorities suppressed and persecuted various forms of Christianity to different extents depending on state interests. Soviet Marxist-Leninist policy consistently advocated the control, suppression, and ultimately, the elimination of religious beliefs, and it actively encouraged the propagation of Marxist-Leninist atheism in the Soviet Union. However, most religions were never officially outlawed. The state advocated the destruction of religion, and to achieve this goal, it officially denounced religious beliefs as superstitious and backward. Froese, Paul. "'I am an atheist and a Muslim': Islam, communism, and ideological competition." Journal of Church and State 47.3 (2005) The Communist Party destroyed churches, synagogues, and mosques, ridiculed, harassed, incarcerated and executed religious leaders, as part of the promotion of state atheism.Paul Froese. Forced Secularization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persecutions Of The Catholic Church And Pius XII
Persecutions against the Catholic Church took place during the papacy of Pope Pius XII (1939–1958). Pius' reign coincided with World War II (1939–1945), followed by the commencement of the Cold War and the accelerating European Decolonization of Africa, decolonisation. During his papacy, the Catholic Church faced persecution under Fascism, Fascist and Communism, Communist governments. The Nazi persecution of the church was at its most extreme in Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), Occupied Poland. The defeat of Fascism at the end of World War II ended one set of persecutions, but strengthened the position of Communism throughout the world, intensifying a further set of persecutions – notably in Eastern Europe, the USSR, and, later, the People's Republic of China. The Catholic Church was under attack in all Communist governed countries and lost most of its existence in Albania, Bulgaria, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Communist China and the Sov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demographics Of The Soviet Union
Demographic features of the population of the Soviet Union include vital statistics, ethnicity, religious affiliations, education level, health of the populace, and other aspects of the population. During its existence from 1922 until 1991, the Soviet Union had one of the largest populations in the world. When the last census was taken in 1989, the USSR had the third largest in the world with over 285 million citizens, behind China and India. The former nation was a federal union of national republics, home to hundreds of different ethnicities. By the time the Soviet Union dissolved, Russians were the largest ethnic group by making up nearly 51% of the country. The remaining 49% of Soviet citizens identified with a variety of groups, including Ukrainians, Belarusians, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Georgians, Jews, etc. History Revolution and Civil war, 1917–1923 During the Russian Revolution and Civil War period, Russia lost former territories of the Russian Empire w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culture Of The Soviet Union
The culture of the Soviet Union passed through several stages during the country's 69-year existence. It was contributed to by people of various nationalities from every one of fifteen union republics, although the majority of the influence was made by the Russians. The Soviet state supported cultural institutions, but also carried out strict censorship. History Lenin era The main feature of communist attitudes towards the arts and artists in the years 1918–1929 was relative freedom, with significant experimentation in several different styles in an effort to find a distinctive Soviet style of art. In many respects, the NEP period was a time of relative freedom and experimentation for the social and cultural life of the Soviet Union. The government tolerated a variety of trends in these fields, provided they were not overtly hostile towards the establishment. In art and literature, numerous schools, some traditional and others radically experimental, proliferated. Communist wr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
