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Astrothelium
''Astrothelium'' is a large genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Trypetheliaceae. The genus is characterized by a corticate thallus and diverse ascomata structures, which can be simple, aggregated, or forming . ''Astrothelium'' is also notable for the walls of its ascomata, the so-called ' (i.e., tightly interwoven) arrangement of cells in these walls, and various forms of , transparent spores. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 1824 by German botanist Franz Gerhard Eschweiler, with '' Astrothelium conicum'' assigned as the type species. Description The thallus, or the vegetative body of ''Astrothelium'', is , meaning it is covered by a protective . The ascomata, which are the fruiting bodies containing the reproductive spores, can appear in various forms such as simple, aggregated, or forming . These structures often differ in their composition and colour, and can be used as to distinguish between species. The ascomata can range from being immersed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrothelium Aeneum
''Astrothelium aeneum'' is a species of corticolous lichen, corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is widely distributed in tropical regions. The lichen's thallus is typically light olive-green to yellowish, often covered in orange biological pigment, pigment, and varies in texture from smooth to uneven. It fluorescence, fluoresces red under ultraviolet light. Taxonomy The species was first described by Franz Gerhard Eschweiler in 1834, with the name ''Verrucaria aenea''. However, this name was not validly published name, validly published, because it is a later homonym of a name already published by Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wallroth in 1831 and thus unavailable for use according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, rules of botanical nomenclature. The first valid publication of a name for the species was by Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio, who named it ''Pseudopyrenula aenea'' in 1890. André Ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrothelium Aeneoides
''Astrothelium aeneoides'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Puerto Rico, where it grows on the smooth bark of rainforest trees. Taxonomy The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by the author in 1997 from the Parque Natural do Caraça in (Minas Gerais) at an altitude of . The species epithet ''aeneoides'' alludes to its resemblance with ''Astrothelium aeneum''. Description ''Astrothelium aeneoides'' has an olive-green to olive-grey, smooth and somewhat shiny thallus up to in diameter and about 0.2 mm thick. Its ascomata are immersed in the thallus; they are spherical, measuring 0.7–1.0 mm in diameter and arranged in groups of 2 to 5. They are contained in structures called pseudostromata (resembling a perithecium but containing both fungal tissue and substrate tissue) that have a rais ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trypetheliaceae
The Trypetheliaceae are a family of mainly lichen-forming fungi in the order Trypetheliales. The family consists almost exclusively of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with an almost strictly tropical distribution. Taxonomy Trypetheliaceae was circumscribed by German botanist Franz Gerhard Eschweiler in 1824. His of the family was as follows (translated from Latin):"Thallus is crust-like. Apothecia are of varied shape, immersed in warts formed from the thallus's medullary substance." Eschweiler further notes that the family is almost exclusively found within the tropics. In his initial circumscription, he included the following genera: '' Arthonia'', '' Porothelium'', '' Medusula'', '' Ophthalmidium'', '' Trypethelium'', '' Astrothelium'', '' Glyphis'', '' Chiodecton'', and '' Conioloma''. The family Arthopyreniaceae was placed into synonymy with Trypetheliaceae, and its type genus, '' Arthopyrenia'', was transferred to Trypetheliaceae in 2021. Other synonyms of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrothelium Aenascens
''Astrothelium aenascens'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Papua New Guinea, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected from Varirata National Park ( Central Province), where it was found growing on smooth tree bark. The lichen has a smooth and shiny thallus that covers areas of up to in diameter. The species epithet ''aenascens'' refers to the lichen's resemblance with ''Astrothelium aeneum''. Thin-layer chromatography shows that the lichen contains an anthraquinone, which the author suggests is probably parietin Parietin is the predominant cortical pigment of lichens in the genus '' Caloplaca'', a secondary product of the lichen '' Xanthoria parietina'', and a pigment found in the roots of curled dock (''Rumex crispus''). It has an orange-yellow color .... References aenascens Lichen species Lichens described in 2016 Lichens of New Guinea Taxa na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrothelium Amylosporum
''Astrothelium amylosporum'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists Adam Flakus and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected near Florida village in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park (Santa Cruz Department); there, at an altitude of , it was found growing on bark in a Beni savanna with trees. It is somewhat similar to '' Astrothelium subdisjunctum'' but differs from that species in its eight-spored asci and amyloid ascospores. The species epithet Specific name may refer to: * in Database management systems, a system-assigned name that is unique within a particular database In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, either of these two meanings, each with its own set of rules: * Specific name (botany) ... ''amylosporum'' refers to this latter characteristic. References amylosporum Lichen species Lichens described in 2016 Lichens of Bolivia Taxa n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrothelium Alboverrucoides
''Astrothelium alboverrucoides'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Indonesia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected near Kutacane (Sumatra) at an altitude of ; here, it was found in a rainforest growing on smooth bark. The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny, greyish green thallus with a cortex, which covers areas of up to in diameter. No lichen product Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids, orcinol deri ...s were detected in the collected specimens. References alboverrucoides Lichen species Lichens described in 2016 Lichens of Asia Taxa named by André Aptroot {{Dothideomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in nutrient cycling and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascospore
In fungi, an ascospore is the sexual spore formed inside an ascus—the sac-like cell that defines the division Ascomycota, the largest and most diverse Division (botany), division of fungi. After two parental cell nucleus, nuclei fuse, the ascus undergoes meiosis (halving of genetic material) followed by a mitosis (cell division), ordinarily producing eight genetically distinct haploid spores; most yeasts stop at four ascospores, whereas some moulds carry out extra post-meiotic divisions to yield dozens. Many asci build turgor, internal pressure and shoot their spores clear of the calm boundary layer, thin layer of still air enveloping the fruit body, whereas subterranean truffles depend on animals for biological dispersal, dispersal. Ontogeny, Development shapes both form and endurance of ascospores. A hook-shaped crozier aligns the paired nuclei; a double-biological membrane, membrane system then parcels each daughter nucleus, and successive wall layers of β-glucan, chitosan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
