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Astraeus Hygrometricus
''Astraeus hygrometricus'', commonly known as the hygroscopic earthstar, the barometer earthstar, or the false earthstar, is a species of fungus in the family Diplocystaceae. Young specimens resemble a puffball when unopened. In maturity, the mushroom displays the characteristic earthstar shape that is a result of the outer layer of fruit body tissue splitting open in a star-like manner. The false earthstar is an ectomycorrhizal species that grows in association with various trees, especially in sandy soils. ''A. hygrometricus'' was previously thought to have a cosmopolitan distribution, though it is now thought to be restricted to Southern Europe, and ''Astraeus'' are common in temperate and tropical regions. Its common names refer to the fact that it is hygroscopic (water-absorbing) and can open up its rays to expose the spore sac in response to increased humidity, then close them up again in drier conditions. The rays have an irregularly cracked surface, while the spore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pers
Pers may refer to: * Pers, Cantal, France, a commune near Aurillac * Pers, Deux-Sèvres, France, a former commune near Poitiers * ''Pers.'', taxonomic author abbreviation for mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon *Persian language PERS may refer to: * Personal Emergency Response System See also * * * Person (other) * Perse (other) * Per (other) {{geodis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geastrum
''Geastrum'' (orthographical variant ''Geaster'') is a genus of puffball-like mushrooms in the family Geastraceae. Many species are commonly known as earthstars. The name, which comes from ''geo'' meaning ''earth'' and meaning ''star'', refers to the behavior of the outer peridium. At maturity, the outer layer of the fruiting body splits into segments which turn outward creating a star-like pattern on the ground. The inner peridium is called a spore sac. In some species, the outer peridium splits from a middle layer, causing the spore sac to arch off the ground. If the outer peridium opens when wet and closes when dry, it is described as hygroscopic. In some species, the inner peridium is borne on a stalk or pedicel. The columella is a column-like clump of sterile tissue found inside the inner peridium. The network of fertile tissue inside the inner peridium, the capillitium, arises from the columella. This is where basidia and basidiospores are produced. The mouth in most sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Asia
South Asia is the southern Subregion#Asia, subregion of Asia that is defined in both geographical and Ethnicity, ethnic-Culture, cultural terms. South Asia, with a population of 2.04 billion, contains a quarter (25%) of the world's population. As commonly conceptualised, the modern State (polity), states of South Asia include Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, with Afghanistan also often included, which may otherwise be classified as part of Central Asia. South Asia borders East Asia to the northeast, Central Asia to the northwest, West Asia to the west and Southeast Asia to the east. Apart from Southeast Asia, Littoral South Asia, Maritime South Asia is the only subregion of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere. The British Indian Ocean Territory and two out of Atolls of Maldives, 26 atolls of the Maldives in South Asia lie entirely within the Southern Hemisphere. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian subcontinent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Activity
In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or pharmacophore but can be modified by the other constituents. Among the various properties of chemical compounds, pharmacological/biological activity plays a crucial role since it suggests uses of the compounds in the medical applications. However, chemical compounds may show some adverse and toxic effects which may prevent their use in medical practice. Biological activity is usually measured by a bioassay and the activity is generally dosage-dependent, which is investigated via dose-response curves. Further, it is common to have effects ranging from beneficial to adverse for one substance when going from low to high doses. Activity depends critically on fulfillment of the ADME criteria. To be an effective drug, a compound not only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeus Telleriae
''Astraeus telleriae'' is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. Described as new to science in 2013, it is found in the Mediterranean region in southwestern Europe, from southern Spain to Greece. Taxonomy ''Astraeus telleriae'' is an earthstar fungus in the family Diplocystaceae (the "false earthstars"). It was described as a new species in 2013 by a team of mycologists led by María Martín, and named in honour of the Spanish mycologist . This species was distinguished from the common barometer earthstar (''Astraeus hygrometricus'') by molecular phylogenetics analysis and subtle morphological traits. ''Astraeus telleriae'' has a very woolly inner surface on the spore sac and unique DNA barcode sequences that confirm it as a distinct species. Description Similar in general appearance to other ''Astraeus'' earthstars, ''A. telleriae'' begins as a more or less spherical (globose) fruiting body 3–4 cm across that splits open into about a dozen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetics, phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeus Smithii
''Astraeus smithii'' is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. It was described as new to science in 2013. The specific epithet honors American mycologist Alexander H. Smith Alexander Hanchett Smith (December 12, 1904 – December 12, 1986) was an American mycologist known for his extensive contributions to the taxonomy and phylogeny of the higher fungi, especially the agarics. Early life Smith, born in Crandon, Wis .... The fungus is found in the central and northern United States, where it grows on the ground at forest edges and open areas. References External links * Boletales Fungi described in 2013 Fungi of the United States Fungi without expected TNC conservation status Fungus species {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeus Morganii
''Astraeus morganii'' is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. The fungus is found in the central to southern United States, extending southwards to Mexico. It is closely related to ''Astraeus pteridis'', but has smaller fruit bodies and larger spores. The specific epithet honors American botanist Andrew Price Morgan Andrew Price Morgan (27 October 1836 – 19 October 1907) was an American botanist and mycologist. He investigated the flora of the Miami Valley in Ohio. While his interest included flowering plants, as noted by his ''Flora of the Miami Valley, O .... References External links * Boletales Fungi described in 2013 Fungi of North America Fungus species {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeus Pteridis
''Astraeus pteridis'', commonly known as the giant hygroscopic earthstar, is a species of Astraeus (fungus), false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. It is found in North America. Taxonomy The species was described by American mycologist Cornelius Lott Shear in 1902 under the name ''Scleroderma pteridis''. Sanford Myron Zeller transferred it to ''Astraeus (fungus), Astraeus'' in 1948. Description ''A. pteridis'' reaches or more when expanded, and often has a more pronounced areolate pattern on the inner surface of the rays. Like other Astraeus (fungus), ''Astraeus'' species, it is hygroscopic, with rays expanding in humid conditions and closing in arid conditions. It is not typically considered edible. It closely resembles the European Astraeus hygrometricus, ''A. hygrometricus'', but is larger. Within ''Astraeus'', ''A. pteridis'' is most closely related to ''Astraeus morganii, A. morganii.'' Distribution A molecular phylogenetic study from 2013 resulted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeus Odoratus
''Astraeus odoratus'' (; ''Het pho nang'' เห็ดเผาะหนัง, ''Het pho'' เห็ดเผาะ, or ''Het nang'' เห็ดหนัง, the latter meaning "skin mushroom") is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. Described as a new species in 2004, it was originally found in the Thai highlands growing in sandy or laterite-rich soil in dry lowland dipterocarp forests. The species is found in Southeast Asia. Description Fruit bodies begin as brownish spheres or flattened spheres, partially submerged in the earth. The outer tissue layer, the exoperidium, splits open in a star-like fashion into 3–9 rays. The rays are hygroscopic, spreading out when moist and curling inward when dry. The fully expanded fruit body measures up to in diameter. Fresh fruit bodies have an odor similar to moist soil. The spores are spherical, covered with spines, and measure 7.5–15.2 μm. The ornamentation of the spines on the surface is less dense t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeus Asiaticus
''Astraeus asiaticus'' is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. Described as a new species in 2007, it was originally found in north and northeastern areas of Thailand, where it grows in sandy or laterite-rich soil in dry lowland dipterocarp forests. The species has a wide distribution in Asia. Anti-cancer Properties: This mushroom found in the forests of Bankura and Birbhum districts of West Bengal in India has been found to contain chemicals that fights against cancer. According to an article published in the science journal Nature, ‘kurkure chhatu’ (astraeus asiaticus), a wild edible mushroom commonly found in these regions, contains powerful bioactive compounds that can kill cancer cells while sparing the healthy ones. Researchers at the cancer research unit at Post-Graduate Department of Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata have discovered potent anticancer and antioxidant properties in astraeus asiaticus. The extracts from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data and observed heritable traits of DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, and morphology. The results are a phylogenetic tree—a diagram depicting the hypothetical relationships among the organisms, reflecting their inferred evolutionary history. The tips of a phylogenetic tree represent the observed entities, which can be living taxa or fossils. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the taxa represented on the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about directionality of character state transformation, and does not show the origin or "root" of the taxa in question. In addition to their use for inferring phylogenetic pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
